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Spilomelinae is a very species-rich
subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...
of the
lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic r ...
n family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. With 4,135 described species in 344 genera worldwide, it is the most speciose group among pyraloids.


Description

Imagines – the adult life stage – vary considerably in size: the forewing span ranges from 11.5 mm e.g. in '' Metasia'' to 50 mm in the robust-bodied ''
Eporidia ''Eporidia'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Eporidia dariusalis'', is found in Cameroon, the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana and Togo Togo (), officia ...
''. In resting position, the moths exhibit a characteristic triangular shape, with the wings usually folded over the abdomen, the forewings covering the hindwings. Some Spilomelinae diverge from this common resting pattern, like ''
Maruca ''Maruca'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae, commonly known as bean pod borers. Species *'' Maruca amboinalis'' (C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875) *'' Maruca fuscalis'' Yamanaka, 1998 *'' Maruca nigroapicalis'' de Joannis, 19 ...
'' with widely spread wings, and '' Atomopteryx'' and '' Lineodes'' with narrow wings folded along the body. All Spilomelinae moths have well developed compound eyes, antennae and
mouthparts Mouthparts may refer to: * The parts of a mouth ** Arthropod mouthparts *** Insect mouthparts {{disambig ...
, although in the genera '' Niphopyralis'' and ''
Siga Siga was a Berber and Roman port located near what is now Aïn Témouchent, Algeria. Under the Roman Empire, it was part of western Mauretania Caesariensis, bordering Mauretania Tingitana. History Siga was a major Mediterranean port in the anc ...
'' the proboscis is lost. Synapomorphic characters of the subfamily comprise minute or obsolete maxillary palpi, ventrally projecting fornix tympani, and the female genitalia's ductus bursae with a weak sclerotization or a granulose texture. The moths are furthermore characterized by an often bilobed praecinctorium, pointed spinula, and the absence of
chaetosemata This glossary of entomology describes terms used in the formal study of insect species by entomologists. A–C A synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, toxic to vertebrates. Though i ...
and of a retinacular hook. A gnathos or pseudognathos can be present or absent and is therefore of little diagnostic value, except for several genera of
Agroterini Agroterini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Alexandre Noël Charles Acloque in 1897. Genera Agroterini currently contains 30 genera, altogether comprising 433 ...
, where the gnathos has a well-developed medial process.


Food plants

Food plant use is diverse within Spilomelinae, ranging from ferns over gymnosperms to a wide spectrum of
angiosperm Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s. The larvae of '' Niphopyralis'' live in nests of weaver ants, where they feed on ant larvae.
Steniini Steniini is a Tribe (biology), tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the Pyraloidea, pyraloid moth Family (biology), family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Achille Guenée in 1854. Description Adult Steniini are characterised b ...
caterpillars are
detritivore Detritivores (also known as detrivores, detritophages, detritus feeders, or detritus eaters) are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing plant and animal parts as well as feces). There are many kinds of invertebrates, ...
s. Many Spilomelinae tribes have a narrow food spectrum, with the larvae feeding on plants of only one or a few plant families, e.g. Lineodini on
Solanaceae The Solanaceae , or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and orn ...
,
Hydririni Hydririni is a Tribe (biology), tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the Pyraloidea, pyraloid moth Family (biology), family Crambidae. Description Adult Hydririni are narrow- to broad-winged moths. Many species exhibit an incons ...
primarily on
Sapindaceae The Sapindaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138 genera and 1858 accepted species. Examples include horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee. The Sapindaceae occur in tempera ...
and Convolvulaceae, and
Trichaeini Trichaeini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal and Matthias Nuss in 2019. Description Adult T ...
on Rubiaceae.


Economic impact

A number of Spilomelinae are considered "pest species", with their larvae feeding on a variety of economically important crops. Notable representatives are the genera of ''
Leucinodes ''Leucinodes'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It was first described by Achille Guenée in 1854. ''Leucinodes'' species have been documented as eggplant fruit borers. They are occasionally imported by accident from African and As ...
'' and '' Neoleucinodes'' with larvae feeding on
Solanaceae The Solanaceae , or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and orn ...
, ''
Cnaphalocrocis ''Cnaphalocrocis'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The genus was described by Julius Lederer in 1863. Species *''Cnaphalocrocis araealis'' (Hampson, 1912) *'' Cnaphalocrocis bilinealis'' (Hampson, 1891) *''Cnaphalocrocis brunneofusa ...
'' and ''
Marasmia ''Cnaphalocrocis'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The genus was described by Julius Lederer in 1863. Species *'' Cnaphalocrocis araealis'' (Hampson, 1912) *'' Cnaphalocrocis bilinealis'' (Hampson, 1891) *'' Cnaphalocrocis brunneofu ...
'' damaging
Poaceae Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns an ...
like ''
Oryza ''Oryza'' is a genus of plants in the grass family. It includes the major food crop rice (species ''Oryza sativa'' and ''Oryza glaberrima''). Members of the genus grow as tall, wetland grasses, growing to tall; the genus includes both annual an ...
'', ''
Sorghum ''Sorghum'' () is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the grass family (Poaceae). Some of these species are grown as cereals for human consumption and some in pastures for animals. One species is grown for grain, while many othe ...
'' and '' Zea'', the legume pod borers of the genus ''
Maruca ''Maruca'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae, commonly known as bean pod borers. Species *'' Maruca amboinalis'' (C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875) *'' Maruca fuscalis'' Yamanaka, 1998 *'' Maruca nigroapicalis'' de Joannis, 19 ...
'' on
Fabaceae The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomenc ...
and Amaranthaceae, and ''
Spoladea ''Spoladea'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Achille Guenée Achille Guenée (sometimes M.A. Guenée; 1 January 1809 – 30 December 1880) was a French lawyer and entomologist. Biography Achille Guenée was born in ...
'', who feeds on a variety of different agriculturally important plant families. The box tree moth, ''
Cydalima perspectalis ''Cydalima perspectalis'' or the box tree moth is a species of moth of the family Crambidae, first described by Francis Walker, the English entomologist, in 1859. Native to Japan, China, Taiwan, Korea, far-east Russia and India, it has invade ...
'', whose larvae feed on box trees, a prominent ornamental plant in many parks and gardens, has been accidentally introduced to Europe in the mid-2000s and to North America in 2018.


Systematics

Until the late 1990s, Spilomelinae were included in the subfamily
Pyraustinae Pyraustinae is a large subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. It currently includes over 1,400 species; most of them tropical but some found in temperate regions including both North America and Europe. The Py ...
as tribe Spilomelini. In the past, Spilomelinae were believed to be polyphyletic. However, a recent phylogenetic study by Mally et al. (2019), based on
molecular genetic Molecular genetics is a sub-field of biology that addresses how differences in the structures or expression of DNA molecules manifests as variation among organisms. Molecular genetics often applies an "investigative approach" to determine the ...
and morphological data, found the subfamily to be
monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...
. The study's authors furthermore proposed 13 tribes within Spilomelinae: *
Agroterini Agroterini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Alexandre Noël Charles Acloque in 1897. Genera Agroterini currently contains 30 genera, altogether comprising 433 ...
Acloque, 1897 *
Asciodini Asciodini is a Tribe (biology), tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the Pyraloidea, pyraloid moth Family (biology), family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal an ...
Mally, Hayden, Neinhuis, Jordal & Nuss, 2019 *
Herpetogrammatini Herpetogrammatini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass mo ...
Mally, Hayden, Neinhuis, Jordal & Nuss, 2019 *
Hydririni Hydririni is a Tribe (biology), tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the Pyraloidea, pyraloid moth Family (biology), family Crambidae. Description Adult Hydririni are narrow- to broad-winged moths. Many species exhibit an incons ...
Minet, 1982 *
Hymeniini Hymeniini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Charles Swinhoe Colonel Charles Swinhoe (27 August 1838, in CalcuttaAlthough many published sources give 1836, the ...
Swinhoe, 1900 * Lineodini Amsel, 1956 * Margaroniini Swinhoe & Cotes, 1889 * Nomophilini Kuznetzov & Stekolnikov, 1979 * Spilomelini Guenée, 1854 *
Steniini Steniini is a Tribe (biology), tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the Pyraloidea, pyraloid moth Family (biology), family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Achille Guenée in 1854. Description Adult Steniini are characterised b ...
Guenée, 1854 *
Trichaeini Trichaeini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal and Matthias Nuss in 2019. Description Adult T ...
Mally, Hayden, Neinhuis, Jordal & Nuss, 2019 *
Udeini Udeini is a tribe in the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal and Matthias Nuss in 2019. Systematics Nin ...
Mally, Hayden, Neinhuis, Jordal & Nuss, 2019 * Wurthiini Roepke, 1916


"Non-euspilomeline" tribes

Hydririni Hydririni is a Tribe (biology), tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the Pyraloidea, pyraloid moth Family (biology), family Crambidae. Description Adult Hydririni are narrow- to broad-winged moths. Many species exhibit an incons ...
, Lineodini,
Udeini Udeini is a tribe in the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal and Matthias Nuss in 2019. Systematics Nin ...
and Wurthiini share several
plesiomorphic In phylogenetics, a plesiomorphy ("near form") and symplesiomorphy are synonyms for an ancestral character shared by all members of a clade, which does not distinguish the clade from other clades. Plesiomorphy, symplesiomorphy, apomorphy, and ...
characters with the
sister group In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and t ...
of Spilomelinae, the
Pyraustinae Pyraustinae is a large subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. It currently includes over 1,400 species; most of them tropical but some found in temperate regions including both North America and Europe. The Py ...
. These plesiomorphies are: absence of longitudinal strips on the male abdominal segment 8; male genitalia with a straight to concave valva costa and a
phallus A phallus is a penis (especially when erect), an object that resembles a penis, or a mimetic image of an erect penis. In art history a figure with an erect penis is described as ithyphallic. Any object that symbolically—or, more precisel ...
with an evenly sclerotized apodeme; female genitalia with a lanceolate “ediacaroid” signum in the corpus bursae and in several taxa with an appendix bursae attached to the corpus bursae. Due to these plesiomorphies, these four Spilomelinae tribes are referred to as "non-euspilomeline" tribes as opposed to the
monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...
"euspilomeline" group that represents a more derived group of Spilomelinae. The "non-euspilomeline" tribes form a paraphylum as they do not comprise the "euspilomelines".


"Euspilomeline" tribes

The tribes
Agroterini Agroterini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Alexandre Noël Charles Acloque in 1897. Genera Agroterini currently contains 30 genera, altogether comprising 433 ...
, Margaroniini, Spilomelini,
Herpetogrammatini Herpetogrammatini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass mo ...
,
Hymeniini Hymeniini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Charles Swinhoe Colonel Charles Swinhoe (27 August 1838, in CalcuttaAlthough many published sources give 1836, the ...
,
Asciodini Asciodini is a Tribe (biology), tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the Pyraloidea, pyraloid moth Family (biology), family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal an ...
,
Trichaeini Trichaeini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Richard Mally, James E. Hayden, Christoph Neinhuis, Bjarte H. Jordal and Matthias Nuss in 2019. Description Adult T ...
,
Steniini Steniini is a Tribe (biology), tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the Pyraloidea, pyraloid moth Family (biology), family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Achille Guenée in 1854. Description Adult Steniini are characterised b ...
and Nomophilini form the monophylum of "euspilomelines" (Greek ''eu-'' for "good" or "true"), all sharing a common ancestor. The
synapomorphies In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have ...
of euspilomelines are: male abdominal tergite 8 with an emarginate anterior edge; male genitalia with partly sclerotized hair pencils on the anterior edge of vinculum-tegumen connection, with a convex valva costa, and the
phallus A phallus is a penis (especially when erect), an object that resembles a penis, or a mimetic image of an erect penis. In art history a figure with an erect penis is described as ithyphallic. Any object that symbolically—or, more precisel ...
without a coecum and the sclerotization of the phallus apodeme reduced to a ventral, longitudinally sclerotized strip along the manica; female genitalia with a longitudinal membranous strip in the antrum, and the lack of a strongly sclerotised colliculum between antrum and ductus seminalis.


Genera currently unplaced in any Spilomelinae tribe

Based on the morphological
synapomorphies In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have ...
and characteristics of these tribes, Mally et al. (2019) assigned numerous Spilomelinae genera to these proposed tribes, so that about two thirds of the 339 Spilomelinae
genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...
are placed in these tribes, leaving 132 genera currently unplaced: *'' Aboetheta'' Turner, 1914 *'' Acicys'' Turner, 1911 *''
Aediodina ''Aediodina'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Aediodina quaternalis'', which is found on Ambon Island and Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at t ...
'' Strand, 1919 *'' Agrammia'' Guenée, 1854 *''
Almonia ''Almonia'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass stems wh ...
'' Walker, 1866 *'' Ametrea'' Munroe, 1964 *''
Archernis ''Archernis'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *'' Archernis albicostalis'' Hampson, 1913 *'' Archernis argocephala'' Lower, 1903 *'' Archernis callixantha'' Meyrick, 1886 *'' Archernis capitalis'' (Fabricius, 1794) *''Archern ...
'' Meyrick, 1886 (= ''Chrysommatodes'' Warren, 1896, ''Metoportha'' Meyrick, 1894, ''Protonoceras'' Warren, 1890) *''
Arxama ''Arxama'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *''Arxama atralis'' Hampson, 1897 *''Arxama cretacealis'' Hampson, 1906 *''Arxama ochracealis'' Hampson, 1906 *''Arxama subcervinalis'' Walker, 1866 References External links

...
'' Walker, 1866 *''
Atelocentra ''Atelocentra'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Atelocentra chloraspis'', which is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. The wingspan is a ...
'' Meyrick, 1884 *''
Auchmophoba ''Auchmophoba'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *''Auchmophoba alternata'' (Warren, 1895) *''Auchmophoba costastrigalis'' (Hampson, 1896) Former species *''Auchmophoba tynnuta'' Turner, 1913 *''Auchmophoba sufetuloides'' Ham ...
'' Turner, 1913 *''
Bacotoma ''Bacotoma'' is a genus of moths in the subfamily Spilomelinae of the family (biology), family Crambidae. It currently comprises 11 species, with an Indomalayan_realm, Oriental and Australasian_realm, Australasian distribution ranging from India a ...
'' Moore, 1885 (= ''Epactoctena'' Meyrick, 1937, ''Platamonia'' Lederer, 1863, ''Platamonina'' J. C. Shaffer & Munroe, 2007) *''
Cangetta ''Cangetta'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *''Cangetta albiceps'' (Hampson, 1917) (from South Africa) *''Cangetta albocarnea'' Warren, 1896 *''Cangetta ammochroa'' Turner, 1815 *''Cangetta aurantiaca'' Hampson, 1906 *''Cang ...
'' Moore, 1886 *''
Carthade ''Carthade'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Carthade caecalis'', which is found in Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular ...
'' Snellen, 1899 *''
Chabula ''Chabula'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass stems wh ...
'' Moore, 1886 *''
Chromodes ''Chromodes'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Chromodes armeniacalis'', which is found in Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the larges ...
'' Guenée, 1854 *''
Cissachroa ''Cissachroa'' is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1937. Its only species, ''Cissachroa callischema'', described in the same article, is found in Australia Australia, officially the C ...
'' Turner, 1937 *''
Coelorhyncidia ''Coelorhyncidia'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *''Coelorhyncidia elathealis'' (Walker, 1859) *''Coelorhyncidia flammealis'' Hampson, 1917 *''Coelorhyncidia nitidalis'' Hampson, 1907 *''Coelorhyncidia ovulalis'' Hampson, 1 ...
'' Hampson, 1896 *'' Coptobasis'' Lederer, 1863 *'' Coremata'' Amsel, 1956 *''
Cotachena ''Cotachena'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *'' Cotachena aluensis'' Butler, 1887 *'' Cotachena alysoni'' Whalley, 1961 *'' Cotachena brunnealis'' Yamanaka, 2001 *'' Cotachena fuscimarginalis'' Hampson, 1916 *'' Cotachen ...
'' Moore, 1885 *''
Criophthona ''Criophthona'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *''Criophthona anerasmia'' (Turner, 1913) *''Criophthona aridalis'' Hampson, 1913 *''Criophthona baliocrossa'' (Turner, 1913) *''Criophthona celidota'' (Turner, 1913) *''Crioph ...
'' Meyrick, 1884 *'' Camptomastix'' Warren, 1892 (= ''Camptomastyx'' Hampson, 1896) *''
Cangetta ''Cangetta'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *''Cangetta albiceps'' (Hampson, 1917) (from South Africa) *''Cangetta albocarnea'' Warren, 1896 *''Cangetta ammochroa'' Turner, 1815 *''Cangetta aurantiaca'' Hampson, 1906 *''Cang ...
'' Moore, 1886 (= ''Blechrophanes'' Turner, 1937) *''
Carthade ''Carthade'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Carthade caecalis'', which is found in Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular ...
'' Snellen, 1899 (= ''Chartade'' Neave, 1939) *''
Cavifrons ''Lineostriastiria biundulalis'' is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona, Oklahoma and Texas. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance ...
'' Zeller, 1872 *'' Ceratarcha'' Swinhoe, 1894 *''
Chabula ''Chabula'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass stems wh ...
'' Moore, 1886 *''
Chromodes ''Chromodes'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Chromodes armeniacalis'', which is found in Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the larges ...
'' Guenée, 1854 *''
Cissachroa ''Cissachroa'' is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1937. Its only species, ''Cissachroa callischema'', described in the same article, is found in Australia Australia, officially the C ...
'' Turner, 1937 *''
Coelorhyncidia ''Coelorhyncidia'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *''Coelorhyncidia elathealis'' (Walker, 1859) *''Coelorhyncidia flammealis'' Hampson, 1917 *''Coelorhyncidia nitidalis'' Hampson, 1907 *''Coelorhyncidia ovulalis'' Hampson, 1 ...
'' Hampson, 1896 *'' Coptobasis'' Lederer, 1863 *'' Coremata'' Amsel, 1956 (= ''Culcita'' Amsel, 1957) *''
Cotachena ''Cotachena'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *'' Cotachena aluensis'' Butler, 1887 *'' Cotachena alysoni'' Whalley, 1961 *'' Cotachena brunnealis'' Yamanaka, 2001 *'' Cotachena fuscimarginalis'' Hampson, 1916 *'' Cotachen ...
'' Moore, 1885 (= ''Mesothyris'' Warren, 1892, ''Syndicastis'' Meyrick, 1889) *''
Criophthona ''Criophthona'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *''Criophthona anerasmia'' (Turner, 1913) *''Criophthona aridalis'' Hampson, 1913 *''Criophthona baliocrossa'' (Turner, 1913) *''Criophthona celidota'' (Turner, 1913) *''Crioph ...
'' Meyrick, 1884 (= ''Conoprora'' Turner, 1913) *''
Daulia Daulis ( grc, Δαυλίς), at a later time Daulia (Δαυλία), and also Daulium or Daulion (Δαύλιον), was a town of ancient Phocis, near the frontiers of Boeotia, and on the road from Orchomenus and Chaeroneia to Delphi. Overview I ...
'' Walker, 1859 (= ''Girtexta'' Swinhoe, 1890) *''
Deuterarcha ''Deuterarcha'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The genus was described by Edward Meyrick Edward Meyrick (25 November 1854, in Ramsbury – 31 March 1938, at Thornhanger, Marlborough) was an English schoolmaster and amateur ent ...
'' Meyrick, 1884 *''
Deuterophysa ''Deuterophysa'' is a genus of moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approxima ...
'' Warren, 1889 *'' Dichocrocis'' Lederer, 1863 (= ''Zebrodes'' Warren, 1896) *''
Discothyris ''Discothyris'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Discothyris ferruginata'', which is found in Taiwan and India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is ...
'' Warren, 1895 *''
Dracaenura ''Dracaenura'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 18863. Species *''Dracaenura adela'' Tams, 1935 *''Dracaenura aegialitis'' Meyrick, 1910 *''Dracaenura agramma'' Meyrick, 1886 *''Dracaenura albonig ...
'' Meyrick, 1886 *'' Duzulla'' Amsel, 1952 *'' Ebuleodes'' Warren, 1896 *'' Ectadiosoma'' Turner, 1937 *''
Elbursia ''Elbursia'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Elbursia stocki'', which is found in the Alborz Mountains in Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is ...
'' Amsel, 1950 *'' Eudaimonisma'' T. P. Lucas, 1902 *''
Eulepte ''Eulepte'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *''Eulepte alialis'' (Guenée, 1854) *''Eulepte anticostalis'' (Grote, 1871) *''Eulepte concordalis'' Hübner, 1825 *''Eulepte gastralis'' (Guenée, 1854) *''Eulepte inguinalis'' (G ...
'' Hübner, 1825 (= ''Acrospila'' Lederer, 1863) *''
Eurybela ''Eurybela'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *'' Eurybela scotopis'' Turner, 1908 *'' Eurybela trophoessa'' (Turner, 1908) References Spilomelinae Crambidae genera Taxa named by Alfred Jefferis Turner {{Spilo ...
'' Turner, 1908 *''
Eustenia ''Eustenia'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Eustenia acuminatalis'', which is found on Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is border ...
'' Snellen, 1899 *'' Furcivena'' Hampson, 1896 *'' Gadessa'' Moore, 1885 *''
Gethosyne ''Gethosyne'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Gethosyne aequivocalis'', which is found in Meghalaya, in Northeast India , native_name_lang = mni , settlement_type = , image_ ...
'' Warren, 1896 *'' Glauconoe'' Warren, 1892 *''
Goniorhynchus ''Goniorhynchus'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *''Goniorhynchus butyrosa'' (Butler, 1879) *''Goniorhynchus calamitalis'' Snellen, 1898 *''Goniorhynchus chalybealis'' Snellen, 1892 *''Goniorhynchus clausalis'' (Christoph, ...
'' Hampson, 1896 *'' Hemopsis'' Kirti & Rose, 1987 *'' Heterudea'' Dognin, 1905 *'' Hyalea'' Guenée, 1854 *''
Indogrammodes ''Indogrammodes'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Indogrammodes pectinicornalis'', which is found in India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is th ...
'' Kirti & Rose, 1989 *'' Ischnurges'' Lederer, 1863 (= ''Nesolocha'' Meyrick, 1886) *''
Legrandellus ''Legrandellus'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Legrandellus fuscolarosalis'', which is found on the Seychelles (Aldabra Aldabra is the world's second-largest coral atoll, lying south-east of the c ...
'' J. C. Shaffer & Munroe, 2007 *'' Lepidoneura'' Hampson, 1896 *''
Leucinodella Agroterini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Alexandre Noël Charles Acloque in 1897. Genera Agroterini currently contains 30 genera, altogether comprising ...
'' Strand, 1918 *'' Leucochromodes'' Amsel, 1956 *''
Leucophotis ''Leucophotis'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Leucophotis pulchra'', which is found on Fiji Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the Republic of Fiji, ...
'' Butler, 1886 *''
Lipararchis ''Lipararchis'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *''Lipararchis aspilus'' (Turner, 1915), described from Australia in the genus ''Calamochrous'' *''Lipararchis hyacinthopa'' Meyrick, 1934, the type species, described from Vuni ...
'' Meyrick, 1934 *'' Luma'' Walker, 1863 (= Pelena Moore, 1886, Pelina Hampson, 1897, ''Petena'' Neave, 1940) *''
Mabra ''Mabra'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It is placed in the tribe (biology), tribe Portentomorphini of the subfamily Pyraustinae. The nine species of the genus are mainly distributed in tropical Asia, but ''Mabra metallescens, M. me ...
'' Moore, 1885 (type species: ''Asopia eryxalis'' Walker, 1859, by original designation) *''
Macaretaera ''Macaretaera'' is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Edward Meyrick in 1886. It contains only one species, ''Macaretaera hesperis'', described by the same author in the same year, which is found in India, Vietnam, Austral ...
'' Meyrick, 1886 (= ''Trichoptychodes'' Swinhoe, 1894, ''Trigonophylla'' Turner, 1937) *''
Macrobela ''Macrobela'' is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1939. It contains only one species, ''Macrobela phaeophasma'', described by the same author in the same year, which is found in Australia, where ...
'' Turner, 1939 *'' Malaciotis'' Meyrick, 1934 *'' Malickyella'' Mey & Speidel, 2010 *'' Meekiaria'' Munroe, 1974 *''
Merodictya ''Merodictya'' is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by William Warren in 1896. It contains only one species, ''Merodictya marmorata'', described by Thomas Pennington Lucas in 1892, which is found in Australia, where it has ...
'' Warren, 1896 *'' Mesocondyla'' Lederer, 1863 *''
Metallarcha ''Metallarcha'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *''Metallarcha achoeusalis'' (Walker, 1859) *''Metallarcha aureodiscalis'' (Hampson, 1918) *''Metallarcha beatalis'' (C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875) *''Metallarcha cal ...
'' Meyrick, 1884 (= ''Panopsia'' Turner, 1913) *''
Metoeca ''Metoeca'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species ''Metoeca foedalis'', which has a wide distribution, including the Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, South Africa, China, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand ...
'' Warren, 1896 *'' Metraeopsis'' Dognin, 1905 *'' Microgeshna'' J. C. Shaffer & Munroe, 2007 *''
Microphysetica ''Microphysetica'' is a genus of moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approxim ...
'' Hampson, 1917 (= ''Falx'' Amsel, 1956, ''Falcimorpha'' Amsel, 1957) *''
Mimudea ''Mimudea'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by William Warren in 1892. Species *'' Mimudea aenealis'' (Hampson, 1913) *'' Mimudea albiflua'' (Hampson, 1913) *'' Mimudea albiluna'' (Hampson, 1913) *'' Mimudea brevialis'' Wal ...
'' Warren, 1892 *'' Mukia'' Amsel, 1954 *'' Myriostephes'' Meyrick, 1884 *''
Myrmidonistis ''Myrmidonistis'' is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Edward Meyrick in 1887. It contains only one species, ''Myrmidonistis hoplora'', described in the same article, which is found in Australia, where it has been recorde ...
'' Meyrick, 1887 *''
Nacoleia Nakoleia ( el, Νακώλεια and Νακόλεια) also known as Nakolaion (Νακώλαιον), Latinized as Nacolia or Nacolea, was an ancient and medieval city in Phrygia. It corresponds to present-day Seyitgazi, Eskişehir Province in the ...
'' Walker, 1859 (= ''Aplomastix'' Warren, 1890, ''Orthocona'' Warren, 1896, ''Semioceros'' Meyrick, 1884) *''
Nankogobinda ''Nankogobinda'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Nankogobinda artificialis'', is found in Brazil and Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovere ...
'' Rose & Kirti, 1986 *'' Nausinoe'' Hübner, 1825 (= ''Lepyrodes'' Guenée, 1854, ''Phalangiodes'' Guenée, 1854) *'' Nausinoella'' J. C. Shaffer & Munroe, 2007 *'' Neostege'' Hampson, 1910 *'' Nevrina'' Guenée, 1854 *''
Nistra ''Nistra '' is a genus of Pyraloidea, snout moths in the family Crambidae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species ''Nistra coelatalis'', which was formerly included in the genus ''Agrotera (moth), Agrotera''. ''Nistra coelatali ...
'' Walker, 1859 *'' Notesia'' Yamanaka, 1992 *'' Ommatobotys'' J. C. Shaffer & Munroe, 2007 *'' Orphnophanes'' Lederer, 1863 (= ''Syntomodora'' Meyrick, 1894) *''
Orthospila ''Orthospila'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass stems ...
'' Warren, 1890 *'' Osiriaca'' Walker, 1866 (= ''Myriotis'' Meyrick, 1885) *'' Otiophora'' Turner, 1908 *''
Paramecyna ''Paramecyna'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Paramecyna dimorphalis'', which is found in Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country loca ...
'' Amsel, 1961 *'' Pectinobotys'' Munroe, 1959 *''
Pelinopsis ''Pelinopsis'' is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Paul Dognin in 1905. Its only species, ''Pelinopsis pachyzanclodes'', described at the same time, is found in Loja Province Loja Province () is one of 24 provinces ...
'' Dognin, 1905 *'' Physematia'' Lederer, 1863 *''
Piletocera ''Piletocera'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The genus was first described by Julius Lederer in 1863. Species *'' Piletocera aegimiusalis'' (Walker, 1859) *'' Piletocera aequalis'' Walker, 1866 *'' Piletocera agathanalis'' Sch ...
'' Lederer, 1863 (= ''Alutefa'' Swinhoe, 1900, ''Danaga'' Moore, 1885, ''Diplotyla'' Meyrick, 1886, ''Ellogima'' Turner, 1913, ''Erebangela'' Meyrick, 1886, ''Graphicopoda'' Butler, 1886, ''Hormatholepis'' Butler, 1886, ''Ptilaeola'' Meyrick, 1886, ''Rinecera'' Butler, 1884, ''Sematosopha'' Meyrick, 1937, ''Strepsimela'' Meyrick, 1886) *''
Plateopsis ''Plateopsis'' is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by William Warren in 1896. Its only species, ''Plateopsis vespertilio'', described in the same article, is found in Meghalaya Meghalaya (, or , meaning "abode of cl ...
'' Warren, 1896 *''
Platygraphis ''Platygraphis'' is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1918. Its only species, ''Platygraphis isabella'', described in the same paper, is found in Mexico. The wingspan The wingspan (or just ...
'' Dyar, 1918 *'' Pleonectoides'' Hampson, 1891 *'' Polythlipta'' Lederer, 1863 *''
Praeacrospila ''Praeacrospila'' is a genus of moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approxim ...
'' Amsel, 1956 *'' Praephostria'' Amsel, 1956 *''
Pramadea ''Pramadea'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass stems ...
'' Moore, 1888 *''
Preneopogon ''Preneopogon'' is a genus of moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximat ...
'' Warren, 1896 *'' Prionopaltis'' Warren, 1892 *''
Prorodes ''Prorodes '' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It was described by Charles Swinhoe in 1894, with '' Prorodes mimica'' as type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the ...
'' Swinhoe, 1894 (= ''Idiostrophe'' Warren, 1896) *'' Proternia'' Meyrick, 1884 *''
Protonoceras ''Archernis'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *''Archernis albicostalis'' Hampson, 1913 *''Archernis argocephala'' Lower, 1903 *''Archernis callixantha'' Meyrick, 1886 *''Archernis capitalis'' (Fabricius, 1794) *''Archernis d ...
'' Warren, 1890 *'' Pycnarmon'' Lederer, 1863 (= ''Aripana'' Moore, 1886, ''Entephria'' Lederer, 1863, ''Eutrichotis'' Swinhoe, 1900, ''Pyralocymatophora'' Strand, 1918, ''Satanastra'' Meyrick, 1890) *''
Pylartes ''Pylartes'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass stems ...
'' Walker, 1863 *''
Pyradena ''Pyradena'' is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1958. Its only species, ''Pyradena mirifica'', described by Aristide Caradja in 1931, is found in China China, officially the People's Republ ...
'' Munroe, 1958 *''
Ravanoa ''Ravanoa'' is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Frederic Moore in 1885. It contains only one species, ''Ravanoa xiphialis'', described by Francis Walker in 1859, which is found in Sri Lanka, Myanmar and on Borneo ...
'' Moore, 1885 *'' Rehimena'' Walker, 1866 *''
Rhimphaliodes ''Rhimphaliodes'' is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by George Hampson in 1893. Its only species, ''Rhimphaliodes macrostigma'', described by the same author in the same year, is found in Sri Lanka, on Borneo and in Austr ...
'' Hampson, 1893 (= ''Rhimphaleodes'' Hampson, 1896) *''
Rhynchetria ''Rhynchetria'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Rhynchetria damasales'', which is found on Java. References Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database Pyraustinae Crambidae genera Mono ...
'' Klunder van Gijen, 1913 *''
Sagariphora Agroterini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Alexandre Noël Charles Acloque in 1897. Genera Agroterini currently contains 30 genera, altogether comprising 433 ...
'' Meyrick, 1894 *'' Sameodesma'' Hampson, 1918 *''
Sedenia ''Sedenia'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Achille Guenée in 1854. Species *''Sedenia achroa'' Lower, 1902 *''Sedenia aspasta'' Meyrick, 1887 *''Sedenia atacta'' (Turner, 1942) *''Sedenia cervalis'' Guenée, 1854 *''Se ...
'' Guenée, 1854 *'' Sericophylla'' Turner, 1937 (= ''Sericophora'' Turner, 1937) *'' Stenorista'' Dognin, 1905 *''
Syllepte ''Syllepte'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass stems ...
'' Hübner, 1823 (= ''Arthriobasis'' Warren, 1896, ''Haitufa'' Swinhoe, 1900, ''Haliotigris'' Warren, 1896, ''Neomabra'' Dognin, 1905, ''Nothosalbia'' Swinhoe, 1900, ''Polycorys'' Warren, 1896, ''Subhedylepta'' Strand, 1918, ''Sylepta'' Hübner, 1825, ''Syllepta'' Hübner, 1826, ''Troctoceras'' Dognin, 1905) *'' Syngropia'' Hampson, 1912 *'' Syntrita'' Dognin, 1905 *'' Tabidia'' Snellen, 1880 *''
Tanaophysopsis ''Tanaophysopsis'' is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1964. Its only species, ''Tanaophysopsis xanthyalinalis'', described by George Hampson in 1918, is found in Ecuador Ecuador ( ; ; Quech ...
'' Munroe, 1964 *''
Tasenia ''Tasenia'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Tasenia nigromaculalis'', which is found on Java. References Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database Pyraustinae Crambidae genera Taxa na ...
'' Snellen, 1901 *'' Torqueola'' Swinhoe, 1906 *'' Trichoceraea'' Sauber in G. Semper, 1902 *'' Trigonobela'' Turner, 1915 *''
Trithyris ''Trithyris'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *''Trithyris aethiopicalis'' Ghesquière, 1942 *''Trithyris flavifimbria'' Dognin, 1905 *''Trithyris janualis'' Lederer, 1863 References Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus ...
'' Lederer, 1863 *''
Troctoceras ''Syllepte'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *''Syllepte abyssalis'' (Snellen, 1892) *''Syllepte achromalis'' Hampson, 1912 *''Syllepte acridentalis'' Hampson, 1912 *''Syllepte adductalis'' (Walker, 1859) *''Syllepte aechmis ...
'' Dognin, 1905 *''
Tylostega ''Tylostega'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Edward Meyrick in 1894. Species *''Tylostega chrysanthes'' Meyrick, 1894 *''Tylostega lata'' Du & Li, 2008 *''Tylostega luniformis'' Du & Li, 2008 *''Tylostega mesodora'' Mey ...
'' Meyrick, 1894 *'' Voliba'' Walker, 1866 (= ''Gabrisa'' Walker, 1866, ''Stereocopa'' Meyrick, 1885) *''
Xanthomelaena ''Xanthomelaena'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ''Xanthomelaena schematias'', which is found on Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asi ...
'' Hampson, 1896 *''
Zagiridia ''Zagiridia'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by George Hampson Sir George Francis Hampson, 10th Baronet (14 January 1860 – 15 October 1936) was an English entomologist. Hampson studied at Charterhouse School and Exe ...
'' Hampson, 1897


Genera excluded from Spilomelinae

'' Aporocosmus'' Butler, 1886 was transferred to
Odontiinae Odontiinae is a subfamily of moths of the family Crambidae. The subfamily was described by Achille Guenée in 1854. Tribes * Hercynini **'' Aeglotis'' **'' Autocharis'' **'' Balaenifrons'' **'' Blepharucha'' **'' Boeotarcha'' (= ''Botys cras ...
, ''
Orthoraphis ''Orthoraphis'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by George Hampson in 1896. The genus was recently transferred from the subfamily Spilomelinae to Lathrotelinae. Species *''Orthoraphis metasticta'' Hampson, 1899 *''Orthoraph ...
'' Hampson, 1896 to Lathrotelinae, ''
Hydropionea ''Hydropionea'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The 13 described species are distributed in Central America, Central and South America. The genus was formerly treated in Spilomelinae, but it is now placed in Glaphyriinae. The larva ...
'' Hampson, 1917 and ''
Plantegumia ''Plantegumia'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The three described species are distributed in Central and South America. The genus was formerly treated in Spilomelinae, but is now placed in Glaphyriinae Glaphyriinae is a subf ...
'' Amsel, 1956 to Glaphyriinae, and '' Prooedema'' Hampson, 1896 to
Pyraustinae Pyraustinae is a large subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. It currently includes over 1,400 species; most of them tropical but some found in temperate regions including both North America and Europe. The Py ...
.


See also

* List of crambid genera


References


External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2310651 Moth subfamilies Taxa named by Achille Guenée