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This bibliography of sociology is a list of works, organized by subdiscipline, on the subject of
sociology Sociology is a social science that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. It uses various methods of empirical investigation an ...
. Some of the works are selected from general anthologies of sociology, while other works are selected because they are notable enough to be mentioned in a general history of sociology or one of its subdisciplines.See Michie, Jonathan, ed. 2001. ''Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences''. Sociology studies
society A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Soc ...
using various methods of empirical investigation to understand human social activity, from the
micro Micro may refer to: Measurement * micro- (μ), a metric prefix denoting a factor of 10−6 Places * Micro, North Carolina, town in U.S. People * DJ Micro, (born Michael Marsicano) an American trance DJ and producer * Chii Tomiya (都宮 ち ...
level of individual
agency Agency may refer to: Organizations * Institution, governmental or others ** Advertising agency or marketing agency, a service business dedicated to creating, planning and handling advertising for its clients ** Employment agency, a business that ...
and interaction to the macro level of systems and social structure.


Foundations

* Comte, Auguste. 1865. ' 'A_General_View_of_Positivism''">A_General_View_of_Positivism.html"_;"title="'A_General_View_of_Positivism">'A_General_View_of_Positivism'' * 'A_General_View_of_Positivism''">A_General_View_of_Positivism.html"_;"title="'A_General_View_of_Positivism">'A_General_View_of_Positivism'' *Karl_Marx">Marx,_Karl._1867.__[''Das_Kapital.html" ;"title="Karl_Marx.html" ;"title="A_General_View_of_Positivism''.html" ;"title="A_General_View_of_Positivism.html" ;"title="'A General View of Positivism">'A General View of Positivism''">A_General_View_of_Positivism.html" ;"title="'A General View of Positivism">'A General View of Positivism'' *Karl Marx">Marx, Karl. 1867. [''Das Kapital">Capital: A Critique of Political Economy'']. *Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels, Engels, Friedrich. 1846. [''The German Ideology'']. *
Weber, Max Maximilian Karl Emil Weber (; ; 21 April 186414 June 1920) was a German sociologist, historian, jurist and political economist, who is regarded as among the most important theorists of the development of modern Western society. His ideas profo ...
. 1904. [''The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism'']. **Putting forward a thesis that
Puritan The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to purify the Church of England of Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant. ...
ethic and
idea In common usage and in philosophy, ideas are the results of thought. Also in philosophy, ideas can also be mental representational images of some object. Many philosophers have considered ideas to be a fundamental ontological category of bei ...
s had influenced the development of
capitalism Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, price system, private ...
, Weber observes religious devotion to usually be accompanied by rejection of mundane affairs, including economic pursuit. Weber addresses the paradox of why this was not the case within
Protestantism Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...
. * Du Bois, W. E. B. 1899. '' The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study''.


Durkheim

*1893. 'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society''.html" ;"title="The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html" ;"title="'The Division of Labour in Society">'The Division of Labour in Society''">The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html" ;"title="'The Division of Labour in Society">'The Division of Labour in Society''Durkheim, Emile. 1997 [1893]. ''The Division of Labour in Society'' (1st ed.). New York: Free Press. . *1897. Suicide:_A_Study_in_Sociology''.html" ;"title="Suicide_(Durkheim_book).html" ;"title="'Suicide (Durkheim book)">Suicide: A Study in Sociology''">Suicide_(Durkheim_book).html" ;"title="'Suicide (Durkheim book)">Suicide: A Study in Sociology''Durkheim, Emile. 1997 897 ''Suicide: A Study in Sociology''. New York: Free Press. . **A case study of suicide rates amongst
Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
,
Protestant Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...
and
Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
populations, distinguished sociological analysis from psychology or philosophy. Also a major contribution to structural functionalism. *1912. 'The_Elementary_Forms_of_the_Religious_Life''.html" ;"title="The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life">'The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life''">The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life">'The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life''Cladis, Mark S., ed. 2008. ''The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life'' (reissue ed.), by Emile Durkheim, translated by C. Cosman. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . *1919. [''The Rules of Sociological Method''].


Culture

* Pierre Bourdieu, Bourdieu, Pierre. 1979. ''La distinction: Critique sociale du jugement'' Distinction:_A_Social_Critique_of_the_Judgment_of_Taste''.html" ;"title="Distinction (book)">Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste''">Distinction (book)">Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste'' * Bourdieu, Pierre, and Jean-Claude Passeron.1970. ''La Reproduction. Éléments pour une théorie du système d'enseignement'' eproduction in Education, Society and Culture * Katz, Jack. 1988. ''Seductions of Crime: Moral and Sensual Attractions in Doing Evil''. * Schultz, Alfred. 1967. ''Der sinnhafte Aufbau der sozialen Welt'' 'The Phenomenology of the Social world''


Economy

Economic sociology attempts to explain
economic An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services. In general, it is defined as a social domain that emphasize the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with th ...
phenomena. While overlapping with the general study of
economics Economics () is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics anal ...
at times, economic sociology chiefly concentrates on the roles of social relations and institutions. * Boltanski, Luc, and Ève Chiapello. 2005. ''The New Spirit of Capitalism''. *Boltanski, Luc, and
Laurent Thévenot Laurent Thévenot (born 1949) is a French sociologist Professor at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (Paris). Career After initial research on ''social coding'' and ''investments in forms'' which contribute to action coordination ...
. 2006. ''On Justification. The Economies of Worth''. * de Tocqueville, Alexis. 1835/1840. On_Democracy_in_America''.html" ;"title="Democracy in America">On Democracy in America''">Democracy in America">On Democracy in America''1 & 2. *— 1856. The_Old_Regime_and_the_French_Revolution''.html" ;"title="The Old Regime and the Revolution">The Old Regime and the French Revolution''">The Old Regime and the Revolution">The Old Regime and the French Revolution'' * Durkheim, Emile. 1893. 'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society''.html"_;"title="The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html"_;"title="'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society">'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society''">The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html"_;"title="'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society">'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society'' *
'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society''.html"_;"title="The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html"_;"title="'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society">'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society''">The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html"_;"title="'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society">'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society'' *Mark_Granovetter">Granovetter,_Mark._1985._"Economic_Action_and_Social_Structure:_The_Problem_of_Embeddedness."_'' 'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society''.html"_;"title="The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html"_;"title="'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society">'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society''">The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html"_;"title="'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society">'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society'' *Mark_Granovetter">Granovetter,_Mark._1985._"Economic_Action_and_Social_Structure:_The_Problem_of_Embeddedness."_''American_Journal_of_Sociology">The_American_Journal_of_Sociology_ The_''American_Journal_of_Sociology''_is_a__peer-reviewed_bi-monthly_academic_journal_that_publishes_original_research_and_book_reviews_in_the_field_of__sociology_and_related__social_sciences._It_was_founded_in_1895_as_the_first_journal_in_its_di_...
''_91(3):481–510. *Albert_O._Hirschman.html" ;"title="American_Journal_of_Sociology.html" "title="Mark_Granovetter.html" ;"title="The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society">'The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society''.html" ;"title="The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html" ;"title="'The Division of Labour in Society">'The Division of Labour in Society''">The_Division_of_Labour_in_Society.html" ;"title="'The Division of Labour in Society">'The Division of Labour in Society'' *Mark Granovetter">Granovetter, Mark. 1985. "Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness." ''American Journal of Sociology">The American Journal of Sociology The ''American Journal of Sociology'' is a peer-reviewed bi-monthly academic journal that publishes original research and book reviews in the field of sociology and related social sciences. It was founded in 1895 as the first journal in its di ...
'' 91(3):481–510. *Albert O. Hirschman">Hirschman, Albert O. 1982. "Rival Interpretations of Market Society: Civilizing, Destructive, or Feeble?" ''Journal of Economic Literature'' 20(4):1463–84. *Polanyi, Karl. 1944. ''The Great Transformation (book), The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time''. *Georg Simmel, Simmel, George. 1907. '' The Philosophy of Money''. * Smelser, Neil and Richard Swedberg, eds. 2005. ''The Handbook of Economic Sociology''. *
Weber, Max Maximilian Karl Emil Weber (; ; 21 April 186414 June 1920) was a German sociologist, historian, jurist and political economist, who is regarded as among the most important theorists of the development of modern Western society. His ideas profo ...
. 1922. ' 'Economy_and_Society''">Economy_and_Society.html"_;"title="'Economy_and_Society">'Economy_and_Society'' *Harrison_White.html" ;"title="Economy_and_Society''.html" ;"title="Economy_and_Society.html" ;"title="'Economy and Society">'Economy and Society''">Economy_and_Society.html" ;"title="'Economy and Society">'Economy and Society'' *Harrison White">White, Harrison C. 2002. ''Markets from Networks: Socioeconomic Models of Production''.


Industry

Industrial sociology is the sociology of technological change, globalization, labor markets, work organization, managerial practices and division of labour, employment relations. *Daniel Bell, Bell, Daniel. 1973. '' Daniel Bell#The Coming of Post-Industrial Society, The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting.'' * Braverman, Harry. 1974. '' Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century''. * Burawoy, Michael. 1979. '' Manufacturing Consent: Changes in the Labor Process Under Monopoly Capitalism''. * Dore, Ronald P. 1973. ''British factory, Japanese Factory''. * Goldthorpe, John, David Lockwood, Frank Bechhofer, and
Jennifer Platt Jennifer Platt FAcSS is a sociologist who is Emeritus Professor at the University of Sussex, where she taught from 1964 to 2002. She has been President of the British Sociological Association in 1987–89, and edited its journal ''Sociology'' fo ...
. 1968. ''The Affluent Worker: Industrial Attitudes and Behaviour''.


Spatial sociology


Environment

Environmental sociology studies the relationship between society and environment, particularly the social factors that cause environmental problems, the societal impacts of those problems, and efforts to solve the problems. * Carson, Rachel. 1962. '' Silent Spring''. * Diamond, Jared. 2006. '' Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed''. *Hannigan, John A. 1995. ''Environmental Sociology: A Social Constructionist Perspective''. **Argues that a society's willingness to recognize and solve environmental problems depends more upon the way these claims are presented by a limited number of interest groups than upon the severity of the threat they pose. *Michelson, William. 2002. ''Handbook of Environmental Sociology''. **Provides an overview of the field of environmental sociology and its various research emphases. * Schnaiberg, Allan, and Kenneth Alan Gould. 2000. ''Environment and Society: The Enduring Conflict''. Caldwell. **Demonstrates how our global economy requires increasing levels of economic expansion, which in turn requires increasing withdrawals for the natural environment.


Demography

Demography Demography () is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings. Demographic analysis examines and measures the dimensions and dynamics of populations; it can cover whole societies or groups defined by criteria such as ed ...
is the statistical study of
human Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, cultu ...
population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction usi ...
. It encompasses the study of the size, structure and distribution of these populations, and spatial and/or temporal changes in them in response to birth, migration,
aging Ageing ( BE) or aging ( AE) is the process of becoming older. The term refers mainly to humans, many other animals, and fungi, whereas for example, bacteria, perennial plants and some simple animals are potentially biologically immortal. In ...
and
death Death is the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain an organism. For organisms with a brain, death can also be defined as the irreversible cessation of functioning of the whole brain, including brainstem, and brain ...
. * Malthus, Thomas. 1798. ''
An Essay on the Principle of Population An, AN, aN, or an may refer to: Businesses and organizations * Airlinair (IATA airline code AN) * Alleanza Nazionale, a former political party in Italy * AnimeNEXT, an annual anime convention located in New Jersey * Anime North, a Canadian ...
''. * Myrdal, Alva, and Gunnar Myrdal. 1934. '' Crisis in the Population Question''.


Urban

Urban sociology Urban sociology is the sociological study of life and human interaction in metropolitan areas. It is a normative discipline of sociology seeking to study the structures, environmental processes, changes and problems of an urban area and by doin ...
refers the study of social life and human interaction in
metropolitan area A metropolitan area or metro is a region that consists of a densely populated urban agglomeration and its surrounding territories sharing industries, commercial areas, transport network, infrastructures and housing. A metro area usually ...
s. * Castells, Manuel 1972. ''The Urban Question: A Marxist Approach''. * Delany, Samuel R. 1999. ''
Times Square Red, Times Square Blue ''Times Square Red, Times Square Blue'' is a non-fiction book written by science fiction author Samuel R. Delany and published in 1999 by the New York University Press. The book is a compilation of two separate essays: ''Times Square Blue'' an ...
''. * Gottdiener, Mark, and Ray Hutchison. 2000. ''The New Urban Sociology''. *Hutter, Mark. 2007. ''Experiencing Cities: A Global Approach''. * Jacobs, Jane. 1961. ''
The Death and Life of Great American Cities ''The Death and Life of Great American Cities'' is a 1961 book by writer and activist Jane Jacobs. The book is a critique of 1950s urban planning policy, which it holds responsible for the decline of many city neighborhoods in the United Sta ...
''. **" his bookbecame perhaps the most influential single work in the history of town planning, and simultaneously helped to kill off the modern movement in architecture." * Molotch, Harvey, and John R. Logan. 1987. ''Urban Fortunes: The Political economy of Place''. **Turned mainstream sociological opinion against the Chicago school of Human Ecology by foregrounding the influence of institutions and political settings in the growth of cities. * Park, Robert E., and Ernest W. Burgess. 1925. ''The City''. **Foundational text in American sociology, Chicago school, Urban sociology, and Human ecology. * Simmel, Georg. 1903. '' The Metropolis and Mental Life''.


Gender and Intersectionality

* Bem, Sandra Lipsitz. 1994. ''Lenses of Gender: Transforming the Debate on Sexual Inequality''. * Chodorow, Nancy. 1978. ''The Reproduction of Mothering''. * Collins, Patricia Hill. 2005. '' Black Sexual Politics: African Americans, Gender, and the New Racism''. * — 2006. '' From Black Power to Hip Hop: Racism, Nationalism, and Feminism''. * Connell, Raewyn W. 1987. ''Gender and Power: Society, the Person, and Sexual Politics''. * — 2002. ''Gender: Short Introductions''. * Harding, Sandra. 1991. ''Whose Science? Whose Knowledge?: Thinking from Women's Lives''.


Knowledge

Sociology of knowledge refers to the study of the relationship between human thought and the social context within which it arises, as well as of the effects prevailing ideas have on societies. * Berger, Peter L., and Thomas Luckmann. 1966. '' The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge''. * Bloor, David. 1976. ''Knowledge and social imagery.'' **Gave rise to the field known as Science and Technology Studies. * Fleck, Ludwik. 1935. ''Genesis and development of a scientific fact''. * Latour, Bruno, and Steve Woolgar. 1979. '' Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts''. **Ethnography of microbiologists working at the Salk Institute. Explains the elevation of observations to the level of fact through a system of credibility. Started the ethnographic laboratory studies movement in the sociology of knowledge. * Mannheim, Karl. 1936. 'Ideology and Utopia''


Politics

Traditionally, political sociology has been concerned with the ways in which social trends, dynamics, and structures of domination affect formal political processes, as well as exploring how various social forces work together to change political policies. Now, it is also concerned with the formation of identity through social interaction, the politics of knowledge, and other aspects of social relations. * Mills, C. Wright. 1958. '' The Power Elite''.Mills, C. Wright. 2000 958 ''The Power Elite'', edited by
Alan Wolfe Alan Wolfe (born 1942) is an American political scientist and a sociologist on the faculty of Boston College who serves as director of the Boisi Center for Religion and American Public Life. He is also a member of the Advisory Board of the Fu ...
. Oxford: Oxford University Press. .
* Domhoff, G. William. 1967. '' Who Rules America?.'' * Skocpol, Theda. 1979. '' States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China''. * Piven, Frances Fox, and Richard Cloward. 1988. ''Why Americans Don't Vote''. *— 2000. ''Why Americans Still Don't Vote: And Why Politicians Want It That Way''.


Race and ethnicity

The sociology of race and ethnic relations refers to the study of
social Social organisms, including human(s), live collectively in interacting populations. This interaction is considered social whether they are aware of it or not, and whether the exchange is voluntary or not. Etymology The word "social" derives from ...
,
political Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studi ...
, and
economic An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services. In general, it is defined as a social domain that emphasize the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with th ...
relations between races and ethnicities at all levels of society, encompassing subjects such as
racism Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one race over another. It may also mean prejudice, discrimination, or antagoni ...
and residential segregation. *— 1903. '' The Souls of Black Folk''. * Myrdal, Gunnar. 1944. ''An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy''.


Religion

The sociology of religion concerns the role of
religion Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatur ...
in
society A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Soc ...
, including practices, historical backgrounds, developments, and universal themes. There is particular emphasis on the recurring role of religion in all societies and throughout recorded history. * Durkheim, Émile. 1912. 'The_Elementary_Forms_of_the_Religious_Life''.html" ;"title="The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life">'The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life''">The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life">'The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life'' * Berger, Peter L. 1967. ''The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion''. *— 1970. ''A Rumor of Angels: Modern Society and the Rediscovery of the Supernatural''.


Theory

Sociological theories are complex theory, theoretical and methodology, methodological frameworks used to analyze and explain objects of social study, which ultimately facilitate the organization of sociological knowledge.


Conflict Theory

'' Conflict theories'', originally influenced by Marxist thought, are perspectives that see societies as defined through conflicts that are produced by inequality. Conflict theory emphasizes
social conflict Social conflict is the struggle for agency or power in society. Social conflict occurs when two or more people oppose each other in social interaction, and each exerts social power with reciprocity in an effort to achieve incompatible goals but ...
, as well as
economic inequality There are wide varieties of economic inequality, most notably income inequality measured using the distribution of income (the amount of money people are paid) and wealth inequality measured using the distribution of wealth (the amount of ...
,
social inequality Social inequality occurs when resources in a given society are distributed unevenly, typically through norms of allocation, that engender specific patterns along lines of socially defined categories of persons. It posses and creates gender c ...
,
oppression Oppression is malicious or unjust treatment or exercise of power, often under the guise of governmental authority or cultural opprobrium. Oppression may be overt or covert, depending on how it is practiced. Oppression refers to discrimination ...
, and
crime In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority. The term ''crime'' does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition,Farmer, Lindsay: "Crime, definitions of", in C ...
. * Marx, Karl, and
Friedrich Engels Friedrich Engels ( ,"Engels"
'' The Communist Manifesto''. *Marx, Karl. 1859. '' A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy.'' * Veblen, Thorstein. 1899. ''
The Theory of the Leisure Class ''The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions'' (1899), by Thorstein Veblen, is a treatise of economics and sociology, and a critique of conspicuous consumption as a function of social class and of consumerism, which ...
''. *— 1904. ''
The Theory of Business Enterprise ''The Theory of Business Enterprise'' is an economics (or political economy) book by Thorstein Veblen, published in 1904, that looks at the growing corporate domination of culture and the economy. Summary At its heart, ''The Theory of Business Ent ...
''. * Mills, C. Wright. 1951. '' White Collar: The American Middle Classes''. *— 1958. '' The Power Elite''. *— 1959. '' The Sociological Imagination''. * Sharp, Gene. 1985. '' Making Europe Unconquerable''.


Rational Choice Theory

'' Rational choice theory'' models social behavior as the interaction of utility-maximizing individuals. * Coleman, James Samuel. 1990. ''Foundations of Social Theory.'' * Olson, Mancur. 1971. '' The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups''.


Social Exchange Theory

Social Exchange Theory models social interaction as a series of exchanges between actors who give one another rewards and penalties, which impacts and guides future behavior. George Homans' version of exchange theory specifically argues that behaviorist stimulus-response principles can explain the emergence of complex social structures. * Blau, Peter. 1964. ''Exchange & Power in Social Life''. * Emerson, Richard. 1962. "Power-Dependence Theory." ''American Sociological Review'' 27(1):31-41. * Homans, George C. 1958. "Social Behavior as Exchange." ''American Journal of Sociology'' 63(6):597-606. * Homans, George C. 1961. ''Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms''.


Social Network Analysis

Making use of
network theory Network theory is the study of graphs as a representation of either symmetric relations or asymmetric relations between discrete objects. In computer science and network science, network theory is a part of graph theory: a network can be de ...
, ''social network analysis'' is structural approach to sociology that views norms and behaviors as embedded in chains of social relations. * Scott, John. 1991. ''Social Network Analysis: A Handbook''. **Provides a broad introduction to the subject. * Wasserman, Stanley, and Katherine Faust. 1994. ''Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications''. **Presents thorough methodological coverage of the approach. * Wellman, Barry, and S.D. Berkowitz, eds. 1988. ''Social Structures: A Network Approach''. **Provides a readable theoretical overview of the subject using many case studies.


Sociocybernetics

'' Sociocybernetics'' is the application of systems theory and cybernetics to sociology. * Bánáthy, Béla H. 1996. ''Designing Social Systems in a Changing World''. * Bateson, Gregory. 1972. ''Steps to an Ecology of Mind: Collected Essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, and Epistemology''. *— (1979). ''Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity''. * Bateson, Gregory, and M. C. Bateson. 1988. ''Angels Fear: Towards an Epistemology of the Sacred''. * László, Ervin. 1984. ''The Systems View of the World: The Natural Philosophy of the New Developments in the Sciences''. * von Bertalanffy, Ludwig. 1968. ''General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications''. * Wiener, Norbert. 1948. '' Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine''.


Structural Functionalism

'' Structural functionalism'' is a broad perspective that interprets society as a
structure A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. Material structures include man-made objects such as buildings and machines and natural objects such a ...
with interrelated parts. * Durkheim, Emile. 1897. Suicide:_A_Study_in_Sociology''.html"_;"title="Suicide_(Durkheim_book).html"_;"title="'Suicide_(Durkheim_book)">Suicide:_A_Study_in_Sociology''">Suicide_(Durkheim_book).html"_;"title="'Suicide_(Durkheim_book)">Suicide:_A_Study_in_Sociology'' *Talcott_Parsons.html" ;"title="Suicide_(Durkheim_book)">Suicide:_A_Study_in_Sociology''.html" ;"title="Suicide_(Durkheim_book).html" ;"title="'Suicide (Durkheim book)">Suicide: A Study in Sociology''">Suicide_(Durkheim_book).html" ;"title="'Suicide (Durkheim book)">Suicide: A Study in Sociology'' *Talcott Parsons">Parsons, Talcott. 1937. ''The Structure of Social Action''. *— 1951. ''The Social System''. *Parsons, Talcott, and Edward A. Shils. 1951. ''Toward a General Theory of Action: Theoretical Foundations for the Social Sciences''. Parsons, Talcott, and Edward A. Shils. 2001 951 ''Toward a General Theory of Action: Theoretical Foundations for the Social Sciences'' (abridged ed.), with introduction by N. J. Smelser. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. .


Symbolic Interactionism

Symbolic interactionism argues that human behavior is guided by the meanings people construct together in social interaction. * Blumer, Herbert. 1969. ''Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method''. * Cooley, Charles Horton. 1902. ''Human Nature and the Social Order''. * Mead, George Herbert. 1934. ''Mind, Self, and Society''. * Stryker, Sheldon. 1980. ''Symbolic Interactionism: A Social Structural Version''.


See also

*
List of scientific journals in sociology This list presents representative academic journals covering sociology and its various subfields. A * '' Acta Sociologica'' * ''The American Journal of Economics and Sociology'' * ''American Journal of Sociology'' * ''American Sociological R ...
*
Sociology Sociology is a social science that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. It uses various methods of empirical investigation an ...
* Engaged theory * History of the social sciences * Outline of sociology


References


Notes


Citations


Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Michie, Jonathan, ed. ''Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences'' (2 vol. 2001) 1970 pages annotating the major books in all the social sciences. *


External links


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