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Governments and private organizations have developed car classification schemes that are used for innumerable purposes including regulation, description and categorization, among others. This article details commonly used classification schemes in use worldwide. Contents 1 Classification methods 2 Size and usage-based vehicle classification systems worldwide 3 Economy car 3.1 Microcar 3.2 Hatchbacks 3.2.1 Ultracompact car 3.2.2 City car 3.2.3 Supermini/subcompact car 3.3 Family car 3.3.1 Small family car/compact car 3.3.2 Large family / mid-size 4 Saloons / sedans 4.1 Large family / mid-size 4.2 Full size / large 4.3 Crossover SUV 4.4 Minivans / MPVs 5 Luxury vehicle 5.1 Compact executive 5.2 Executive/mid-luxury 5.3 Full-size luxury / Grand saloon 5.4 Estate cars / station wagons 6 Sports cars 6.1 Hot hatch 6.2 Sports saloon / sports sedan 6.3 Sports car 6.4 Grand tourer 6.5 Supercar 6.6 Muscle car 6.7 Pony car 6.8 Convertible 7 Off-roaders 7.1 Sport utility vehicle 8 Commercial vehicle 8.1 Van 9 Other car classification terms 9.1 Non-English terms 10 See also 11 References 12 External links Classification methods[edit]
Vehicles can be categorized in numerous ways. For example, by means of
the body style and the "level of commonality in vehicle construction
as defined by number of doors and roof treatment (e.g., sedan,
convertible, fastback, hatchback) and number of seats" that require
seat belts to meet safety regulations.[1]
Regulatory agencies may also establish a vehicle classification system
for determining a tax amount. In the United Kingdom, a vehicle is
taxed according to the vehicle's construction, engine, weight, type of
fuel and emissions, as well as the purpose for which it is used.[2]
Other jurisdictions may determine vehicle tax based upon environmental
principles, such as the user pays principle.[3] In another example,
certain cities in the United States in the 1920s chose to exempt
electric-powered vehicles because officials believed those vehicles
did not cause "substantial wear upon the pavements".[4]
Another standard for road vehicles of all types that is used
internationally (except for Australia, India, and the U.S.) is ISO
3833-1977.[5]
In an example from private enterprise, many car rental companies use
the
ACRISS Car Classification Code to describe the size, type and
equipment of vehicles to ensure that rental agents can match customer
needs to available vehicles, regardless of distance between the agent
and the rental company or the languages spoken by either party. In the
United States, since 2010 the Insurance Institute for
Highway
US
Highway
Regular Two Door Two door sedans and hatchbacks Regular Four Door Four door sedans and hatchbacks Station Wagons Four doors, a rear hatch and four pillars Minivans Vans with sliding rear doors Sports Two seaters and cars with significant high performance features Luxury Relatively expensive cars that are not classified as sports (price in USD to curb weight in pounds more than 9.0 in 2010) (small cars over $27,000, midsize cars over $31,500, large cars over $36,000, etc.) US
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
Shadow (square footage of exterior length × width) Curb Weight 70 to 80 sq ft (6.5–7.4 m2) 81 to 90 sq ft (7.5–8.4 m2) 91 to 100 sq ft (8.5–9.3 m2) 101 to 110 sq ft (9.4–10.2 m2) >110 sq ft (10.2 m2) 2,001 to 2,500 lb (900–1,150 kg) Mini Small Small Small Midsize 2,501 to 3,000 lb (1,150–1,350 kg) Small Small Midsize Midsize Midsize 3,001 to 3,500 lb (1,350–1,600 kg) Small Midsize Midsize Large Large 3,501 to 4,000 lb (1,600–1,800 kg) Small Midsize Large Large Very Large >4,000 lb (1,800 kg) Midsize Midsize Large Very Large Very Large US IIHSHLDI Guide to
SUV
curb weight Mini <=3,000 lb (1,350 kg) and shadow <80 sq ft (7.4 m2) Small 3,001 to 3,750 lb (1,350–1,700 kg) Midsize 3,751 to 4,750 lb (1,700–2,150 kg) Large 4,751 to 5,750 lb (2,150–2,600 kg) Very large >5,750 lb (2,600 kg) or shadow >115 sq ft (10.7 m2) The United States National
Highway
US NHTSA classification Code Curb weight Passenger cars: mini PC/Mi 1,500 to 1,999 lb (700–900 kg) Passenger cars: light PC/L 2,000 to 2,499 lb (900–1,150 kg) Passenger cars: compact PC/C 2,500 to 2,999 lb (1,150–1,350 kg) Passenger cars: medium PC/Me 3,000 to 3,499 lb (1,350–1,600 kg) Passenger cars: heavy PC/H 3,500 lb (1,600 kg) and over Sport utility vehicles SUV – Pickup trucks PU – Vans VAN – The United States
Federal Highway Administration
US EPA car class Total passenger and cargo volume (cu. ft.) Two-seaters Any (designed to seat only two adults) Minicompact Less than 85 cu ft (2,400 l) Subcompact 85 to 99 cu ft (2,400–2,800 l) Compact 100 to 109 cu ft (2,850–3,100 l) Mid-size 110 to 119 cu ft (3,100–3,350 l) Large 120 cu ft (3,400 l) or more Small station wagons Less than 130 cu ft (3,700 l) Mid-size station wagons 130 to 159 cu ft (3,700–4,500 l) Large station wagons 160 cu ft (4,550 l) or more A similar set of classes is used by the Canadian EPA.[12] The Canadian National Collision Database (NCDB) system defines "passenger car" as a unique class, but also identifies two other categories involving passenger vehicles—the "passenger van" and "light utility vehicle"—and these categories are inconsistently handled across the country with the boundaries between the vehicles increasingly blurred.[13] In Australia, the Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries publishes its own classifications.[14] Size and usage-based vehicle classification systems worldwide[edit] This is a summary table listing several different methods of vehicle classification. Vehicle classification view talk edit Not well-defined / vernacular Defined by law or regulation Examples Market segment (American English)
Market segment (British English)
Market segment (Australian English)[15]
US EPA Size Class[16]
Euro NCAP
Microcar
Microcar, Bubble car
N/A
N/A
—
Quadricycle
A-segment
Subcompact car Economy car City car Microcar Minicompact Passenger car Supermini Citroën C1, Fiat 500, Hyundai Eon, Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Renault Twingo Supermini
Light car
Subcompact
B-segment
Compact car
Small family car
Small car
Compact
Small family car
C-segment
Mid-size car
Large family car
Medium car
Mid-size
Large family car
D-segment
Entry-level luxury car
Compact executive car
Medium car
Full-size car
Executive car
Large car
Large
Executive
E-segment
Mid-size luxury car
Large car
Full-size luxury car
Luxury car
Upper large car above $100,000
N/A
—
F-segment
Grand tourer
Grand tourer
Sports car
N/A
—
S-segment
Supercar Supercar N/A — Bugatti Veyron, LaFerrari, Lamborghini Aventador, Pagani Zonda, Porsche 918 Spyder Convertible Convertible N/A — BMW 6 Series, Chevrolet Camaro, Mercedes CLK, Volvo C70, Volkswagen Eos Roadster Roadster Two-seater Roadster sports BMW Z4, Lotus Elise, Mazda MX-5, Porsche Boxster, Mercedes-Benz SLK —
Mini
MPV Compact MPV People mover Chevrolet Orlando, Ford C-Max, Opel Zafira, Renault Scenic, Volkswagen Touran Minivan Large MPV Large MPV Chrysler Town and Country, Kia Carnival, Citroën C4 Grand Picasso, Renault Espace, Toyota Sienna
Cargo
Passenger van Minibus People mover Passenger van — Chevrolet Express 1500 Passenger, Ford E350 Wagon, Mercedes-Benz Viano
Mini
Compact SUV Compact SUV Medium SUV Alfa Romeo Stelvio, Chevrolet Equinox, Ford Escape, Honda CR-V, Jeep Cherokee, Kia Sportage Mid-size SUV Large 4x4 Large SUV Standard sport utility vehicle Large off-road 4x4 Ford Expedition, Hyundai Santa Fe, Jeep Grand Cherokee, Volkswagen Touareg, Volvo XC90 Full-size SUV Upper large SUV Range Rover, Cadillac Escalade, Toyota Land Cruiser
Mini
Mid-size pickup truck Ford Ranger, Chevrolet Colorado, Mitsubishi Triton/L200, Nissan Navara, Toyota Hilux Full-size pickup truck Pickup Standard pickup truck Dodge Ram, Ford F-150, GMC Sierra, Nissan Titan, Toyota Tundra Heavy duty pickup truck
Chevrolet Silverado
Special
Economy car[edit] Main article: economy car Microcar[edit]
Microcar
Main articles:
Microcar
Isetta Smart Fortwo Tata Nano Hatchbacks[edit] Main article: Hatchback Ultracompact car[edit] This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2013) In 2012, Japan's Transport and
Tourism
Citroën C1 Main articles:
City car
Daihatsu Move Honda Life Suzuki Cervo Examples of city cars: Fiat Panda
Maruti 800
Mini
Other small cars: Carver One Citroën Type C Smith Flyer Supermini/subcompact car[edit] Main articles:
Supermini
Opel Corsa Peugeot 208 Volkswagen Polo This category is equivalent to the
EuroNCAP
Volkswagen Golf Main article: Compact car Small family/compact cars refer to the hatchbacks and shortest saloons and estate cars with similar size. They are approximately 4,250 mm (167 in) long in case of hatchbacks and 4,500 mm (177 in) in the case of saloons and estate cars. Compact cars have room for five adults and usually have engines between 1.4 and 2.2 litres, but some have engines of up to 2.5 litres. Examples of hatchback small family cars/compact cars: Peugeot 308 Toyota Auris Renault Megane This category is equivalent to the
EuroNCAP
Citroën DS5 Main article: Mid-size car Traditionally, mid-size cars are sedans, but recently cars such as the Citroën DS5, which is a large hatchback family car, have introduced other body styles.[21] Saloons / sedans[edit] Main article: Sedan (automobile) Large family / mid-size[edit] Toyota Camry Main article: Mid-size car
A class described as "large family" in Europe and "mid-size" in the
USA, these cars have room for five adults and a large trunk (boot).
Engines are more powerful than small family/compact cars and
six-cylinder engines are more common than in smaller cars.
Car
Chevrolet Malibu Ford Mondeo Kia Optima This category is equivalent to the
EuroNCAP
Holden Commodore Main article: Full-size car This term is used most in North America, Middle East and Australia where it refers to the largest affordable sedans on the market. Full-size cars may be well over 4,900 mm (16.1 ft) long. Examples of full-size cars: Dodge Charger
Ford Falcon
Toyota Avalon
Crossover SUV[edit] Mitsubishi Outlander Main article: Crossover (automobile) Crossover SUVs are derived from an automobile platform using a monocoque construction with light off-road capability and lower ground clearance than SUVs. They may be styled similar to conventional "off-roaders", or may be look similar to an estate car or station wagon. Examples of crossover SUVs: Chevrolet Equinox Nissan Qashqai Tata Aria Minivans / MPVs[edit] Renault Espace, one of the first true minivans Ford C-Max, a compact MPV
Opel Meriva
Main article: Minivan This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Also known as "people carriers", this class of cars combines a high-roof, five-door one- or two-box hatchback body configuration with a compact, mid-size or large car platform, engine and mechanicals; car-like handling and fuel economy; unibody construction; front-wheel or all-wheel drive and greater height than sedan or station wagon counterparts. The design offers higher h-point seating, two or three rows of seating, easy passenger and cargo access with sliding wide-opening rear doors and large rear hatch, and a re-configurable interior volume with seats that recline, slide, tumble, fold flat or allow easy removal—enabling users to reprioritize passenger and cargo volumes. Examples of mini MPVs: Citroën C3 Picasso Ford B-Max Nissan Note Examples of compact MPVs:
Opel Zafira
Both categories are equivalent to the
EuroNCAP
Dodge Caravan Ford S-Max Mazda5 This category is equivalent to the
EuroNCAP
Lexus IS Main articles:
Compact executive car
Audi A4 BMW 3 Series Buick Regal This category is equivalent to the
EuroNCAP
BMW 5 Series Main articles:
Executive car
Peugeot 607 Jaguar XF MG Magnette This category is equivalent to the
EuroNCAP
Mercedes-Benz S-Class See also:
Luxury vehicle
Audi A8 Lexus LS BMW 7 Series Estate cars / station wagons[edit] Main article: Station Wagon A station wagon (also known as an estate or estate car) is an automobile with a body style variant of a sedan/saloon with its roof extended rearward over a shared passenger/cargo volume with access at the back via a third or fifth door (the liftgate or tailgate), instead of a trunk lid. The body style transforms a standard three-box design into a two-box design—to include an A, B, and C-pillar, as well as a D-pillar. Station wagons can flexibly reconfigure their interior volume via fold-down rear seats to prioritize either passenger or cargo volume. Examples of estates/station wagons:
Hyundai i40
Sports cars[edit] Main article: Sports car Hot hatch[edit] Peugeot 205 GTI crowned "The Greatest Ever Hot Hatch"[24] Main article: Hot hatch A hot hatch is a high-performance hatchback, based on standard superminis or small family cars with improved performance, handling and styling. Hot hatches are very popular in Europe, where hatchbacks are by far the most common body style for this size of car. In North America, sport compacts are usually sold as saloons or coupés rather than hatchbacks. Examples of hot hatches:
Volkswagen Golf
Sports saloon / sports sedan[edit] Main article: Sports sedan These are high-performance versions of saloons. Sometimes originally homologated for production based motorsports (touring cars or rally cars) and like regular saloons, seats four or five people. Examples of sports saloons/sedans: BMW M5 Mazdaspeed6/Mazda 6 MPS Dodge Charger Examples of sport compact saloons/sedans: Dodge SRT-4 Lotus Cortina Mitsubishi EVO Sports car[edit] Jaguar E-Type Main article: Sports car
The term "sports car" does not appear to have a clear definition.[25]
It is commonly used to describe vehicles which prioritise acceleration
and handling; however, some people claim it is also defined as a
vehicle with two seats.[26]
A
Sports car
Chevrolet Corvette Mazda MX-5 Porsche 911 Grand tourer[edit] Maserati GranTurismo Main article: Grand tourer
Larger, more powerful and heavier than sports cars, these vehicles
typically have a
FR layout
Aston Martin V8 Lexus SC300/400 Ferrari 612 Scaglietti Supercar[edit] Lamborghini Countach Main article: Supercar
Supercar
McLaren P1
Koenigsegg Agera R
Bugatti Veyron
Muscle car[edit] 1970 AMC The Machine Main article: Muscle car
The muscle car term generally refers to rear wheel drive mid-size cars
with powerful V8 engines, typically manufactured in the U.S.[29][30]
Some definitions limit it to two-door vehicles;[31] however, others
include four-door body style versions.[32] Although opinions vary, it
is generally accepted that classic muscle cars were produced in the
late 1960s and early 1970s.[33][34][35][36] Muscle cars were also
produced in Australia, New Zealand,
South Africa
Ford Torino Plymouth Road Runner Pontiac GTO Examples of Australian muscle cars: Ford Falcon Holden Monaro Valiant Charger Pony car[edit] 1966 Ford Mustang Main article: Pony car
The pony car is a class of American Muscle car[37] automobile launched
and inspired by the
Ford Mustang
AMC Javelin Chevrolet Camaro Dodge Challenger Convertible[edit] Full-sized convertible with its fabric covered top folded behind the rear seat Main articles:
Convertible
Mazda MX-5 Honda S2000 Volvo C70 Off-roaders[edit] Main article: four-wheel drive Off-road vehicles, or "off-roaders" are sometimes referred to as "four-wheel drives", "four by fours", or 4x4s — this can happen colloquially in cases where certain models or even an entire range does not possess four-wheel drive. Sport utility vehicle[edit] Jeep Commander Kia Sportage Main articles:
Sport utility vehicle
Land Rover Freelander Jeep Patriot Toyota FJ Cruiser This category is equivalent to the
EuroNCAP
Land Rover Discovery Mitsubishi Pajero Mahindra Scorpio This category is equivalent to the
EuroNCAP
American conversion van Main article: Van In some countries, the term "van" can refer to a small panel van based on a passenger car design (often the estate model / station wagon); it also refers to light trucks, which themselves are sometimes based on SUVs or MPVs. (But note that those retaining seats and windows, while being larger and more utilitarian than MPVs, may be called "minibuses".) The term is also used in the term "camper van" (or just "camper") — equivalent to a North American recreational vehicle (RV). In the United States, the term "van" refers to vehicles that, like European minibuses, are even larger than large MPVs and are rarely seen being driven for domestic purposes — except for "conversion vans". These possess extremely large interior space and are often more intended for hauling cargo than people. Most vans use body-on-frame construction and are thus suitable for extensive modification and coachwork, known as conversion. Conversion vans are often quite luxurious, boasting comfortable seats, soft rides, built-in support for electronics such as television sets, and other amenities. The more elaborate conversion vans straddle the line between cars and recreational vehicles. Examples of North American "vans":
Dodge Ram
Examples of European "vans": Ford Transit Volkswagen Transporter Mercedes-Benz Sprinter Examples of Japanese "vans" Toyota Hiace Nissan NV Other car classification terms[edit] This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Bakkie A generic South African term for light pickup truck.[40] Baquet refers to cars made in the early 1900s in Europe. Baquet means bath tub. These cars had two rows of raised seats similar to horse-drawn carriages. Baquets usually did not have front doors, a top, or windshield.[41] Buggy A Buggy is an automobile with wheels that project beyond the vehicle body.[citation needed] Cabrio coach Normally a two-door body design with special form of car roof, where a retractable textile cover amounts to a large sunroof.[42] Coupé A 2-door, 2- or 4-seat car with a fixed roof. Its doors are often longer than those of an equivalent sedan and the rear passenger area smaller; the roof may also be low. In cases where the rear seats are very small and not intended for regular use it is called a 2+2 (pronounced "two plus two"). Originally, a coupé was required to have only one side window per side, but this consideration has not been used for many years. Occasionally seen as Fixed Head Coupé, or FHC, particularly when referring to a hardtop version of a convertible. Combi Coupé A 2-door, 4-seat car with hatchback door at rear and, collapsible rear seats, resembling a fastback. The idea is to maximize the carrying capacity without bargaining on the performance.
Coupé
Crossover (or CUV)
A loose marketing term to describe a vehicle that blends features of a
SUV
Drop Head Coupé Often abbreviated to DHC. Generally a European term referring to a 2-door, 4 place automobile with a retractable canvas / cloth top with both a padded headliner and rollup windows (as opposed to side curtains).[citation needed] Estate British name for a station wagon. Fastback A design where the roof slopes at a smooth angle to the tail of the car, but the rear window does not open as a separate "door". Flower Car in US, similar to ute in Australia, i.e. generic for Chevy El Camino, Ford Ranchero, GMC Sprint/Diablo, etc.[citation needed] Hatchback Incorporates a shared passenger and cargo volume, with rearmost accessibility via a rear third or fifth door, typically a top-hinged liftgate—and features such as fold-down rear seats to enable flexibility within the shared passenger/cargo volume. As a two-box design, the body style typically includes A, B and C-pillars, and may include a D-pillar. Hardtop Originally a removable solid roof on a convertible; later, also a fixed-roof car whose doors have no fixed window frames, which is designed to resemble such a convertible (sometimes also called "Fixed Head Coupé", or FHC.) Hearse A converted car (often a station wagon), light truck or minivan usually used to transport the dead. Often longer and heavier than the vehicle on which they are usually based. Can sometimes double up as an ambulance in some countries, such as the United States, especially in rural areas. Kammback Originally, a car with a tapered rear that cuts off abruptly. Landaulet A limousine with the passenger section covered by a convertible top. Leisure activity vehicle A small van, generally related to a supermini, with a second or even a third seat row, and a large, tall boot. Liftback A broad marketing term for a hatchback, which incorporates a shared passenger and cargo volume, with rearmost accessibility via a top-hinged liftgate. Limousine By definition, a chauffeur-driven car with a (normally glass-windowed) division between the front seats and the rear. In German, the term simply means a sedan. Microvan
Term for a boxy wagon-type of car that is smaller than a conventional
minivan; often without rear sliding door(s). Examples are Citroën
Picasso, Renault Scénic,
Toyota Yaris Verso
Minibus Designed to carry fewer people than a full-size bus, generally up to 16 people in multiple rows of seats. Passenger access in normally via a sliding door on one side of the vehicle. One example of a van with a minibus version available is the Ford Transit. MPV Multi-purpose vehicle, a large car or small bus designed to be used on and off-road and easily convertible to facilitate loading of goods from facilitating carrying people. Notchback A configuration where the third box of a three-box styling configuration is less pronounced — especially where the rear deck (third box) is short or where the rear window is upright.
People carrier
Phaeton A Phaeton is a style of open car or carriage without proper weather protection for passengers.[citation needed]
Pickup truck
Pillarless Usually a prefix to coupé, fastback, or hardtop; completely open at the sides when the windows are down, without a central pillar, e.g. the Sunbeam Rapier fastback coupé. Ragtop Originally an open car like a roadster, but with a soft top (cloth top) that can be raised or lowered. Unlike a convertible, it had no roll-up side windows.[citation needed] Now often used as slang for a convertible. Retractable Hardtop
aka
Coupé
Roadster Originally a two-seat open car with minimal weather protection — without top or side glass — though possibly with optional hard or soft top and side curtains (i.e., without roll-up glass windows). In modern usage, the term means simply a two-seat sports car convertible, a variation of spyder. Sedan
A car seating four or more with a fixed roof that is full-height up to
the rear window. Known in
British English
Sedan delivery North American term for a vehicle similar to a wagon but without side windows, similar to a panel truck but with two doors (one on each side), and one or two rear doors[citation needed]
Sport utility vehicle
Spyder (or Spider) Similar to a roadster but originally with less weather protection.[citation needed]Nowadays it simply means a convertible with two seater only. The name comes from the old carriages with two seats and no roof, whose small central cabin and big wheels at the corners are reminiscent of a spider.[citation needed] Shooting-brake Initially a vehicle used to carry shooting parties with their equipment and game; later used to describe custom-built wagons by high-end coachbuilders, subsequently synonymous with station wagon or estate; and in contemporary usage a three or five-door wagons combining features of a wagon and a coupé. Station wagon A variant of a sedan/saloon, (also known as estate or estate car) or with its roof extended rearward over a shared passenger/cargo volume; access at the back via a third or fifth door instead of a trunk lid; flexible configurations to vary passenger or cargo volume; and two or three rows of seating — in a two-box design with a A, B & C-pillar, as well as a D pillar. T-top
A derivative of the Targa top, called a T-bar roof, this fixed-roof
design has two removable panels and retains a central narrow roof
section along the front to back axis of the car (e.g.
Toyota MR2
Targa top A semi-convertible style used on some sports cars, featuring a fully removable hard top roof panel which leaves the A and B pillars in place on the car body.
Town car
Ute A term used originally in Australia and New Zealand to describe usually two-wheel-drive, traditionally passenger vehicles with a cargo tray in the rear integrated with the passenger body; as opposed to a pickup whose cargo tray is not integrated with the passenger body. Wagon delivery North American term (mainly U.S. and Canada). Similar to a sedan delivery, with four doors.[citation needed] Van
In
North America
Non-English terms[edit]
Some non-
English language
Barchetta
Italian term for a roadster with no roof. The name, roughly "small
boat", comes from an exclamation when the Ferrari 166MM Touring was
shown.
Berlina
Italian term for a sedan.
Berline
French term for a sedan.
Berlinetta
Italian term for a sport coupé.
Break
French term for a station wagon.
Camioneta
Brazilian Portuguese
In Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovenian kombi refers to a van. In Afrikaans and in Australia, Kombi is also used to refer to a Volkswagen Microbus. In Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay the word specifically refers to the VW Microbus. Perua
Brazilian Portuguese
See also[edit] ACRISS
Car
References[edit] ^ Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Protection of Environment,
PT. 425 699. US: Office of the Federal Register. 2010. p. 862.
ISBN 9780160889318. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
^ "Notes About Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency: Tax Classes"
(PDF). www.direct.gov.uk. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
^ Sperling, Daniel; Kurani, Ken (September 2001). Transportation,
Energy, and Environmental Policy. Transportation Research Board.
p. 230. ISBN 0-309-08571-3. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
^ Berry, Claude Perrin (1921). The law of automobiles. Callaghan.
p. 137. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
^ International Organization for Standardization. "ISO 3833:1977 Road
vehicles – Types – Terms and definitions" (PDF).
autoparts-standard.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 August
2015. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
^ Technical Appendix, Arlington, Virginia: Insurance Institute for
Highway
External links[edit]
EuroNCAP
v t e
Car
Car
By size Microcar City car Kei Subcompact Supermini Family car Compact Mid-size Full-size Custom Hot rod Lead sled Lowrider Street rod T-bucket Luxury Compact executive Executive Personal luxury car (MPV) Compact MPV
Mini
(SUV) Compact SUV
Crossover SUV
Mini
Sports Grand tourer Hot hatch Muscle Pony Sport compact Supercar Antique Classic Economy Leisure activity vehicle Ute Van Voiturette Body styles 2+2
Baquet
Barchetta
Berlinetta
Brougham
Cabrio coach
Cabriolet / Convertible
Coupé
Coupé
Specialized vehicles Amphibious Driverless (autonomous) Hearse Gyrocar Roadable aircraft Taxicab Tow truck Propulsion Alternative fuel Autogas Biodiesel Diesel Electric (battery NEV) Ethanol (E85) Fuel cell Gasoline / petrol (direct injection) Homogeneous charge compression ignition Hybrid (plug-in) Hydrogen Internal combustion Liquid nitrogen Steam Drive wheels Front-wheel Rear-wheel Two-wheel Four-wheel Six-wheel Eight-wheel Twelve-wheel Engine position Front Mid Rear Layout (engine / drive) Front / front Front mid / front Rear / front Front / rear Rear mid / rear Rear / rear Front / four-wheel Mid / four-wheel Rear / four-wheel Engine configuration (internal combustion) Boxer Flat Four-stroke H-block Reciprocating Single-cylinder Straight Two-stroke V (Vee) W engine Wankel |
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