Cambrian Archaeological Association
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The Cambrian Archaeological Association ( cy, Cymdeithas Hynafiaethau Cymru) was founded in 1846 to examine, preserve and illustrate the ancient monuments and remains of the history, language, manners, customs, arts and industries of
Wales Wales ( cy, Cymru ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the Wales–England border, east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the ...
and the
Welsh Marches The Welsh Marches ( cy, Y Mers) is an imprecisely defined area along the border between England and Wales in the United Kingdom. The precise meaning of the term has varied at different periods. The English term Welsh March (in Medieval Latin ...
and to educate the public in such matters. The association's activities include sponsoring lectures, field visits, and study tours; as well as publishing its journal, ''
Archaeologia Cambrensis ''Archaeologia Cambrensis'' is a Welsh archaeological and historical scholarly journal published annually by the Cambrian Archaeological Association. It contains historical essays, excavation reports, and book reviews, as well as society notes ...
'', and monographs. It also provides grants to support research and publications.


Activities


Meetings and lectures

The association holds two meetings each year, a week in mid-summer and an autumn weekend, visiting sites and monuments in all parts of Wales and, on occasions, in England, Scotland, Ireland and abroad. Easter conferences with lectures on matters of current concern in history and archaeology are held on a bi-annual basis. It arranges a lecture in the
Welsh language Welsh ( or ) is a Celtic language family, Celtic language of the Brittonic languages, Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people. Welsh is spoken natively in Wales, by some in England, and in Y Wladfa (the Welsh colony in Chubut P ...
each year at the
National Eisteddfod The National Eisteddfod of Wales (Welsh: ') is the largest of several eisteddfodau that are held annually, mostly in Wales. Its eight days of competitions and performances are considered the largest music and poetry festival in Europe. Competitors ...
.


Research grants and education awards

Research grants are awarded annually and are normally in the region of £500-£2000. In 2012 an award was made to Dr Toby Driver and Dr Jeffrey Davies for post-excavation work on their excavations at the Abermagwr Roman villa, Ceredigion. The Blodwen Jerman Schools Prize is awarded annually to a Welsh school for their promotion of Archaeology and History within the School. The
G. T. Clark Colonel George Thomas Clark (26 May 1809 – 31 January 1898) was a British surgeon and engineer. He was particularly associated with the management of the Dowlais Iron Company. He was also an antiquary and historian of Glamorgan. Biography ...
Prizes are awarded every five years for the most distinguished published contributions to the study of the archaeology and history of Wales and The Marches. There are five categories: Prehistory, Roman, Early Medieval, Medieval and Post-Medieval.


Publications

Apart from the journal ''
Archaeologia Cambrensis ''Archaeologia Cambrensis'' is a Welsh archaeological and historical scholarly journal published annually by the Cambrian Archaeological Association. It contains historical essays, excavation reports, and book reviews, as well as society notes ...
'', the association has a long tradition of publishing supplementary volumes on Welsh History and Archaeology. A most ambitious project was the publication in 1888 of a facsimile edition of
Thomas Dineley Thomas Dingley or Dineley (died 1695) was an English antiquary. Life He was the son and heir of Thomas Dingley, controller of customs at Southampton; he was born about the middle of the seventeenth century, and, on his own account educated by Jam ...
's ''Progress of...Henry ..Duke of Beaufort (Lord President of the council in Wales and Lord Warden of the Marches) Thorough Wales in 1684''. More recently the association has published between 1978 and 1998, in conjunction with
Cadw (, a Welsh verbal noun meaning "keeping/preserving") is the historic environment service of the Welsh Government and part of the Tourism and Culture group. works to protect the historic buildings and structures, the landscapes and heritage s ...
, an important series of monographs on excavations in Wales. In 2013 it published a
Festschrift In academia, a ''Festschrift'' (; plural, ''Festschriften'' ) is a book honoring a respected person, especially an academic, and presented during their lifetime. It generally takes the form of an edited volume, containing contributions from the h ...
, ''Reflections on the Past'', on the theme of British prehistory and archaeology, to mark the longstanding contribution made by the prehistorian
Frances Lynch Frances Lynch is a Welsh archaeologist. She is an Honorary Research Fellow in the Department of History, Welsh History and Archaeology at Bangor University and the author of several volumes on the archaeology and prehistory of Wales. Lynch was el ...
to the work of the association. Other important publications by the association include: * Sir Stephen Glynne (edited and transcribed by Archdeacon D. R. Thomas), ''Notes on the Older Churches in the Four Welsh Dioceses'', 1903. These notes were made by the first president of the Cambrians between 1824 and 1874 and are particularly important as they describe many of the churches in Wales before they were altered by Victorian restorers. * Rev John Skinner, ''Ten Days' Tour through the Isle of Anglesea December 1802'', 1908. Skinner was a Somerset parson who travelled extensively throughout the British Isles recording archaeological monuments. Most of his manuscripts are now held by the Society of Antiquaries * Edward Lhuyd, ''Parochialia'', 3 parts, 1909–1911. * Richard Fenton (ed. John Fisher), ''Tours in Wales (1804–1813)'', 1917. The publication of Richard Fenton's diaries in Cardiff Public Library, which describe Fenton's extensive travels within Wales, often accompanied by Sir Richard Colt-Hoare * Edward Yardley (ed. Francis Green), ''Menavia Sacra'', 1927. A description of the Diocese of St David's by Edward Yardley who was Archdeacon of Cardigan, 1739–1769.


History


Antecedents and founding years, 1846–1855

The Cambrian Archaeological Society was founded at a time when a sense of Welsh national identity was increasingly asserting itself. It was also at the moment that the dominance of the Antiquarian and Welsh learned societies centred in London were on the wane. There were two earlier learned Welsh Cultural societies in London; the
Cymmrodorion The Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion ( cy, Anrhydeddus Gymdeithas y Cymmrodorion), often called simply the Cymmrodorion, is a London-based Welsh learned society, with membership open to all. It was first established in 1751 as a social, cultural ...
founded in 1751 and the ''Cymreigyddion'' (who conducted all their business in the Welsh language) founded in 1770. The Cymmrodorion had ceased to meet in 1843, although it was re-established in 1873, while the ''Cymreigyddion'' disappeared completely in the 1850s. The premier English antiquarian society, the
Society of Antiquaries of London A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Societ ...
, which had received its
Royal Charter A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, bu ...
in 1745, was also in an impoverished state, having virtually bankrupted itself as the result of publishing ventures. In Scotland the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland had been established in Edinburgh in 1780, while in Ireland the
Royal Irish Academy The Royal Irish Academy (RIA; ga, Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann), based in Dublin, is an academic body that promotes study in the sciences, humanities and social sciences. It is Ireland's premier List of Irish learned societies, learned socie ...
, established in 1786, had its own Antiquities Section, and in 1890 the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland had been formed from the Kilkenny Archaeological Society. Against this background the British Archaeological Association was founded in 1844, and was followed rapidly by a breakaway group, the
Royal Archaeological Institute The Royal Archaeological Institute (RAI) is a learned society, established in 1844, with interests in all aspects of the archaeological, architectural and landscape history of the British Isles. Membership is open to all with an interest in these ...
, which pioneered a model of holding annual meetings or congresses in various parts of the British Isles and producing an annual journal (published in quarterly parts). This was the model adopted by Cambrian Archaeological Association for Wales and the Marches. The driving figure in the establishment of the Cambrian Archaeological Association was the Rev. Harry Longueville Jones who was supported by the celticist the Rev
John Williams John Towner Williams (born February 8, 1932)Nylund, Rob (15 November 2022)Classic Connection review ''WBOI'' ("For the second time this year, the Fort Wayne Philharmonic honored American composer, conductor, and arranger John Williams, who wa ...
. Rather than form a society directly, Longueville Jones produced a 'manifesto' -''On the study and preservation of national antiquities''- calling on interested people to join together and form an association. Longueville Jones at this date was living at Beaumaris in Anglesey. Between 1834 and 1842 he lived in Paris, where he worked for the English language publisher Galignani and edited several editions of Galignani's Paris Guide. He worked with leading literary figures including
William Thackeray William Makepeace Thackeray (; 18 July 1811 – 24 December 1863) was a British novelist, author and illustrator. He is known for his satirical works, particularly his 1848 novel '' Vanity Fair'', a panoramic portrait of British society, and t ...
. The ideas he put forward owed much to current developments in France, which followed the appointment in 1834 of the French novelist Prosper Mérimée as the first Inspector-General of ''Monuments Historiques''. Longueville was also a talented artist and his work was used to illustrate early volumes of ''Archaeologia Cambrensis''.


Early years 1847–1855

The first annual meeting of the Cambrian Archaeological Society was held at Aberystwyth between 7 and 10 September 1847, and the first president was Sir Stephen Richard Glynne. By the time of the second annual meeting at Caernarvon it was claimed that the membership had grown to 350. Initially the association was well supported by members of the
Welsh Manuscripts Society The Welsh Manuscripts Society, also known as the Society for the Publication of Ancient Welsh Manuscripts, was an organisation formed in Abergavenny, Wales, in 1837. It was led by prominent members of the clergy and other notables including Tali ...
. In 1849 Harry Longueville Jones resigned as joint general secretary on his appointment to the Civil Service position in the
Privy Council A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a state, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government. The word "privy" means "private" or "secret"; thus, a privy council was originally a committee of the mon ...
office as Inspector for National Schools in Wales. This appointment was a result of the uproar that had been created by the publication of the 1847 Welsh Blue Book on Education. Jones remained a very active member of the association and resumed as editor of ''Archaeologia Cambrensis'' in 1855. He was succeeded as joint general secretary by the Rev
Basil Jones William Basil Jones (1822–1897) was a Welsh bishop and scholar who became the Bishop of St David's in 1874, holding the post until his death in 1897. Personal history Jones was born on 1 January 1822 in Cheltenham to William Tilsey Jones of ...
, later to become Bishop of St David's. Many scholars and academics were involved in the work of the association at this time. These included
G. T. Clark Colonel George Thomas Clark (26 May 1809 – 31 January 1898) was a British surgeon and engineer. He was particularly associated with the management of the Dowlais Iron Company. He was also an antiquary and historian of Glamorgan. Biography ...
, the manager of Dowlais Ironworks for
Lady Charlotte Guest Lady Charlotte Elizabeth Guest (née Bertie; 19 May 1812 – 15 January 1895), later Lady Charlotte Schreiber, was an English aristocrat who is best known as the first publisher in modern print format of the '' Mabinogion'', the earliest prose l ...
, who was to become a leading authority on British Castles. Clark's first article to be published in ''Archaeologia Cambrensis'' in 1853 was on
Kidwelly Castle Kidwelly Castle ( cy, Castell Cydweli) is a Norman castle overlooking the River Gwendraeth and the town of Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire, Wales. The origin of this surname traces back to when it was spelled Cygweli which means "swan." Early histo ...
. It was accompanied by plans and drawings by a Mrs Trehearne engraved by
John Henry le Keux John Henry Le Keux (23 March 1812 – 4 February 1896) was an English architectural engraver and draughtsman. Life The son of John Le Keux, he was born in Argyll Street, Euston Road, London, on 23 March 1812, and studied under James Basire III. He ...
. Another figure was the youthful
Edward Augustus Freeman Edward Augustus Freeman (2 August 182316 March 1892) was an English historian, architectural artist, and Liberal politician during the late-19th-century heyday of Prime Minister William Gladstone, as well as a one-time candidate for Parliament. ...
, later celebrated as a medieval historian, and, from 1884, Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford. Freeman submitted a series of articles on church architecture in Wales and on the domestic architecture of Pembrokeshire. Also in this group was John Obadiah Westwood, a notable Oxford
entomologist Entomology () is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such as arach ...
, whose studies of inscribed and sculptured stones of the post Roman period was to provide a systematic approach to the subject. The Cambrian Archaeological Association was to sponsor the publication of Westwood's ''Lapidarium Walliæ: the early Inscribed and Sculptured Stones of Wales'' in 1876–1879. A final key figure was Rev Cardale Babington, who came from Ludlow in Shropshire. Professor of Botany at Cambridge, he was elected a Fellow of the
Royal Society The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, re ...
in 1851. Babington was also interested in archaeology, and joined the General Committee of the association in 1855: he was to chair the committee until 1882. In the 1850s a schism developed among the membership of the Cambrians.
John Williams John Towner Williams (born February 8, 1932)Nylund, Rob (15 November 2022)Classic Connection review ''WBOI'' ("For the second time this year, the Fort Wayne Philharmonic honored American composer, conductor, and arranger John Williams, who wa ...
, who had been to
Jesus College, Oxford Jesus College (in full: Jesus College in the University of Oxford of Queen Elizabeth's Foundation) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. It is in the centre of the city, on a site between Turl Street, Ship St ...
, and whose sympathies lay with the Tractarians (or
Oxford Movement The Oxford Movement was a movement of high church members of the Church of England which began in the 1830s and eventually developed into Anglo-Catholicism. The movement, whose original devotees were mostly associated with the University of O ...
), belonged to an older school of celticism, which wished to promote the authenticity of the writings of
Iolo Morganwg Edward Williams, better known by his bardic name Iolo Morganwg (; 10 March 1747 – 18 December 1826), was a Welsh antiquarian, poet and collector.Jones, Mary (2004)"Edward Williams/Iolo Morganwg/Iolo Morgannwg" From ''Jones' Celtic Encyclopedi ...
. Williams did not fit in with the members of the association, whose primary interests were in Welsh architecture and archaeology. The association was also in a poor state financially as there had been a failure to collect subscriptions. Williams resigned as general secretary and Editor late in 1853 and he was followed by other joint secretary the Rev Basil Jones who resigned at the Summer Meeting at Ruthin. The published list of members now shows that membership had shrunk to 163. Williams, following his resignation created an alternative society, the Cambrian Institute, publishers of the ''Cambrian Journal'', which Williams edited until his death in 1863, when the Institute faded away.


The re-constituted association: 1856–1880s

Following the Ruthin meeting active steps were made to re-establish the association, the objectives were redefined and a new constitution was adopted at the Welshpool Meeting of the association in 1856. For much of this period the General Committee of the association was under the capable chairmanship of Cardale Babington (from 1864–84) and the general secretary to the committee was the Rev E L Barnwell (from 1854–75). At this point the association became more involved in Archaeology, sponsoring through an appeal the Rev David Davies' (their local Secretary for Montgomeryshire) excavations on the Roman auxiliary fort at Caersws which was published in ''Archaeologia Cambrensis'' in 1857. Longueville Jones, who was travelling extensively in Wales as part of his duties as inspector of National schools, now had more time as editor of ''Archaeologia Cambrensis''. He produced many articles and listings of archaeological sites, which furthered his campaign for the establishment of a Monuments Record and Inspectorate, and anticipated the formation of the Welsh Royal Commission in 1908. E L Barnwell also had a wide range of interests. Between 1855 and 1884 he contributed 102 articles and notes on a wide range of subjects to ''Archaeologia Cambrensis''. His main interests were Archaeology, Vernacular Architecture, Medieval History and Genealogy. His last article in ''Archaeologia Cambrensis'', "On Some South Wales Cromlechs", disputed some of the assertions in Ferguson's recently published "Rude Stone Monuments of all Countries" and provides an overview of Chambered Tombs in Wales. Other important publications were by Hon W O Stanley on his excavation of tumuli in Anglesey and one on
Wigmore Abbey Wigmore Abbey was an abbey of Canons Regular with a grange, from 1179 to 1530, situated about a mile (2 km) north of the village of Wigmore, Herefordshire, England: grid reference SO 410713. Only ruins of the abbey now remain and on Histor ...
and Monastic Grange in Herefordshire by
Edward Blore Edward Blore (13 September 1787 – 4 September 1879) was a 19th-century English landscape and architectural artist, architect and antiquary. Early career He was born in Derby, the son of the antiquarian writer Thomas Blore. Blore's backg ...
. Blore was a leading architect, who had been employed by Queen Victoria to re-build
Buckingham Palace Buckingham Palace () is a London royal residence and the administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It ...
and he was an accomplished topographical artist specialising in later Medieval architecture. His drawings of Wigmore Grange were engraved by John le Keux and are some of the finest topographical prints published in ''Archaeologia Cambrensiis''. The Cambrians also established a relationship with the "Office of Woods and Forests" who were responsible for Castles and other monuments belonging to the Crown in Wales. The Cambrians had already influenced Salvin's restoration of Caernarvon Castle and made a financial contribution towards it. They now inaugurated a scheme whereby the Office would lease Castles and other monuments to members of the association so that they could be preserved and restored. The Rev E L Barnwell, took up a lease of Denbigh Castle on behalf of the association. Slightly later the monastery of Strata Florida was leased by the association so that it could be safeguarded and displayed to the public.


Late Victorian period to the end of the First World War

By the early 1880s few of the original members or the association were still active. Cardale Babbington resigned as chairman of the General Committee in 1884, and was replaced by Archdeacon D R Thomas, who remained as chairman until 1916. New figures included
John Rhys John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second E ...
, who had become Professor of Celtic at Oxford in 1877. The emphasis changes slightly with more emphasis on Celtic studies and Alfred Neobard Palmer, who contributed articles on the local history of the Wrexham area and the medieval borough of
Holt Holt or holte may refer to: Natural world *Holt (den), an otter den * Holt, an area of woodland Places Australia * Holt, Australian Capital Territory * Division of Holt, an electoral district in the Australian House of Representatives in Vic ...
. The great Welsh historian, Sir J E Lloyd joined the association in 1896. The greatest impact was made by
John Romilly Allen John Romilly Allen FSA FSAScot (9 June 1847 – 5 July 1907) was a British archaeologist. Life Allen was the son of George Baugh Allen. He was educated at King's College School, Rugby and King's College London. In 1867 he was articled to Georg ...
whose family came from Narbeth in Pembrokeshire. Romilly Allen joined the Cambrian Archaeological Association in 1875, was elected a member of the general committee in 1877, became one of two editors of its Journal in 1889, and was sole editor from 1892 until his death in 1907. Romilly Allen was to replace Westwood (who died in 1893) as the acknowledged expert on inscribed and sculptured stones of the post Roman period and his researches in Scotland are even better known than those he undertook in Wales. Romilly Allen campaigned for a Welsh National Museum and wrote scathing criticisms when antiquities were acquired by British Museum; the
Grosvenor Museum Grosvenor Museum is a museum in Chester, Cheshire, in the United Kingdom. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. Its full title is The Grosvenor Museum of Natural History and Archa ...
in Chester purchased some
Bronze Age The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second pri ...
Urns from North Wales and particularly when the Late Iron Age
Trawsfynydd Trawsfynydd (; Welsh for "across hemountain") is a linear village in Gwynedd, Wales, near Llyn Trawsfynydd reservoir, and adjacent to the A470 north of Bronaber and Dolgellau and 10 km (6 miles) south of Blaenau Ffestiniog. The total com ...
Tankard was removed to Liverpool Museum. It was fitting that the National Museum of Wales was granted its foundation charter in 1907, the year of Romilly Allen's death. Romilly Allen was also very adverse to what he perceived as other bodies interfering in Welsh matters. In 1886 the Cambrians launched an appeal to sponsor an excavation at Strata Florida. The
Cistercian The Cistercians, () officially the Order of Cistercians ( la, (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint ...
Abbey had been taken into 'guardianship' by the association and the intention was to provide a plan of the Abbey and to make it accessible for visitors. The excavation were placed in the hands of Stephen Williams and he started work in June 1887. The excavations did not find favour with J W Willis-Bund, who was the local secretary of the Society of Antiquaries for South Wales. Bund denigrated William's work, alleging 'the mischief likely to be done if the excavations were continued without the direction of some competent person'. This was not taken well by the association, but St John Hope, the Assistant Secretary of the Antiquaries gave advice and was able to mediate. Later, Romilly Allen, as editor of ''Archaeologia Cambrensis'', commented that "the Cambrian Archaeological Association has always shown itself willing to receive advice courteously offered, but it can never admit the contention that the Society of Antiquaries has the right to send its officials to Wales to dictate how explorations should be conducted". The association was now becoming more adventurous as far its summer meetings and increasingly started to visit other 'Celtic' lands outside Wales and the Marches. The first of these visits was to Truro in 1862, followed by the Isle of Man in 1865. More ambitious was the visit to Brittany in 1889 and in 1891 Professor John Rees organised a trip to
Kerry Kerry or Kerri may refer to: * Kerry (name), a given name and surname of Gaelic origin (including a list of people with the name) Places * Kerry, Queensland, Australia * County Kerry, Ireland ** Kerry Airport, an international airport in County ...
in Ireland. The most ambitious meeting was in 1899 when the association hired a steamer to voyage round the Western Isles of Scotland to visit remote sites and see sculptured stones. The social life on these yearly trips and meetings from 1908 onwards is well described in Evelyn Lewes' book ''Out with the Cambrians'', which was published in 1934 Following the death in 1907 of Romilly Allen, the Rev Rupert Morris, originally from
Holywell Holywell may refer to: * Holywell, Flintshire, Wales * Holywell, Swords, Ireland * Holywell, Bedfordshire, England * Holywell, Cambridgeshire, England * Holywell, Cornwall, England * Holywell, Dorset, England * Holywell, Eastbourne, East Susse ...
in Flintshire took over the editorship. Morris had joined the Cambrians in 1875 and in 1892 he had become Chaplain and Librarian to the Duke of Westminster at Eaton Hall near Chester. Morris immersed himself in the history of Chester, his most notable publication being '' Chester during the Plantagenet and Tudor Reigns '', published in 1894, and he also edited the Chester Archaeological Journal. He then moved to St Gabriel's, Pimlico, a large London parish in the Duke's
patronage Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows on another. In the history of art, arts patronage refers to the support that kings, popes, and the wealthy have provided to artists su ...
. It was from here that he edited ''Archaeologia Cambrensis'' until his death in 1917. With the onset of the First World War the association was able initially to keep up its publication programme, but then reduced the issues of ''Archaeologia Cambrensis'' to two each year. The summer meetings were abandoned, with a general meeting being called each year at Shrewsbury. Much of the organisation of the association was undertaken by the noted geologist and
Palaeolithic The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic (), also called the Old Stone Age (from Greek: παλαιός ''palaios'', "old" and λίθος ''lithos'', "stone"), is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone too ...
archaeologist William Boyd Dawkins, who had been born at Buttington, near Welshpool. Boyd Dawkins, who was
knighted A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state (including the Pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the Christian denomination, church or the country, especially in a military capacity. Knighthood ...
in 1917, stood in as president of the association between 1914 and 1919.


1918–1950

By the mid-1920s the influence of the recently established National Museum of Wales starts to make its mark on the association.
Mortimer Wheeler Sir Robert Eric Mortimer Wheeler CH CIE MC TD (10 September 1890 – 22 July 1976) was a British archaeologist and officer in the British Army. Over the course of his career, he served as Director of both the National Museum of Wales an ...
was appointed keeper of archaeology in 1922, and in 1924 he became director of the museum. He immediately started on notable excavations on the Roman sites of Segontium on the outskirts of Caernarvon and Brecon Gaer. These volumes were published in ''
Y Cymmrodor ''Y Cymmrodor'' ('The Welshman') was the annual journal of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, published between 1821 and 1951. It contained essays and lectures on historical and literary topics and Welsh poetry. ''Y Cymmrodor'' was first pu ...
'', an annual journal of the Society of Cymmrodorion rather than in ''Archaeologia Cambrensis'', presumably because the Cambrians would not devote a single volume to each excavation. ''Archaeologia Cambrensis'' was still being published quarterly in a quarto format, which could not be adapted for the publication of excavation reports with large plans. As a result, ''Archaeologia Cambrensis'' was changed to the larger quarto format in 1928. 'Mortimer Wheeler encouraged non-professional archaeologists, such as the Bangor Architect Harold Hughes and Dr Willoughby Gardner in their research on
Hillforts A hillfort is a type of earthwork used as a fortified refuge or defended settlement, located to exploit a rise in elevation for defensive advantage. They are typically European and of the Bronze Age or Iron Age. Some were used in the post-Roma ...
of Northern Wales. This research had started in 1909 and in his presidential address to the Cambrians in 1924, Willoughby Gardner gives an extensive review of this research, illustrated with plans. They were later to survey
Ffridd Faldwyn, Montgomery Ffridd Faldwyn is an Iron Age hillfort in northern Powys, in the former county of Montgomeryshire, It is sited on a prominent hill west of Montgomery, close to but higher than Montgomery Castle, overlooking the River Severn. It is one of the lar ...
near Montgomery. This work was to form the basis for the excavations that followed at Ffridd Faldwyn by
St John O'Neill St John O'Neill (6 May 1741–March 1790) represented Randalstown in the Irish House of Commons from 1771 to 1776. and was High Sheriff of Antrim in 1774. He was returned unopposed at a by-election for Randalstown occasioned by the death of his f ...
, the Office of Works Inspector in Wales. Also Sir
Cyril Fox Sir Cyril Fred Fox (16 December 1882 – 15 January 1967) was an English archaeologist and museum director. Fox became keeper of archaeology at the National Museum of Wales, and subsequently served as director from 1926 to 1948. His most ...
, who succeeded Wheeler as the Director of the National Museum of Wales, published his survey of Offa's Dyke in parts in ''Archaeologia Cambrensis''. It was afterwards republished as one volume by the
British Academy The British Academy is the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and the social sciences. It was established in 1902 and received its royal charter in the same year. It is now a fellowship of more than 1,000 leading scholars span ...
in 1955.Cyril Fox, ''Offa's Dyke: a Field Survey of the Western Frontier Works of Mercia in the Seventh and Eighth Centuries AD'' (London, 1955) In the War Years, from 1939 to 1945, the Cambrians were unable to hold any meetings, but volumes of ''Archaeologia Cambrensis'' continued to be produced. In 1946, to commemorate the centenary of the association, the volume for that year was entitled ''100 Years of Welsh Archaeology 1846–1956'', which was a masterful survey of the state of knowledge about Welsh Archaeology. In the 1940s the noted church architectural historian Fred Crossley, together with Maurice Ridgeway, started a detailed county by county survey of roods screens, lofts and carved woodwork in Welsh Churches.


Presidents

In the early days of the Cambrian Archaeological Association the position of the president of the society went to a member of the landed gentry or aristocracy in Wales or the
Welsh Marches The Welsh Marches ( cy, Y Mers) is an imprecisely defined area along the border between England and Wales in the United Kingdom. The precise meaning of the term has varied at different periods. The English term Welsh March (in Medieval Latin ...
, as well as to Welsh bishops and senior figures in the
Anglican Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It is one of th ...
Church. The first president was Sir Stephen Glynne, the brother-in-law of
William Gladstone William Ewart Gladstone ( ; 29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898) was a British statesman and Liberal politician. In a career lasting over 60 years, he served for 12 years as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, spread over four non-conse ...
, a passionate ecclesiologist, who was a guiding figure of the association for many years. The main intention of the presidency was, and still to some extent is, to provide an entree for visits and the organisation of the summer general meeting. It is normal for the presidency to be held for one year, but on some occasions it has been held for longer. Nearly all the early presidents were either clerics in the Anglican Church or had at some time been Members of Parliament. It is very clear that the summer meetings were used as a forum (outside the formal events), for the discussion of matters not directly associated with archaeology or Welsh history. Most notably a number of the presidents were members of the Canterbury Society, an association for the colonisation of the South Island of New Zealand. Also many were directly involved in the railway companies which were opening up Wales at the time, most notably Earl Vane Tempest, later Lord Londonderry of Machynlleth, president in 1866, who was the chairman of the
Cambrian Railways The Cambrian Railways owned of track over a large area of mid Wales. The system was an amalgamation of a number of railways that were incorporated in 1864, 1865 and 1904. The Cambrian connected with two larger railways with connections to the ...
. This does not imply that the majority of the presidents were uninterested in archaeology. The Earl of Dunraven of Dunraven Castle in Glamorgan, president in 1849 and 1869, while not involved in Welsh archaeology, was a leading Irish intellectual and Celtic scholar, as well as a supporter of
Catholic Emancipation Catholic emancipation or Catholic relief was a process in the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, and later the combined United Kingdom in the late 18th century and early 19th century, that involved reducing and removing many of the restricti ...
. Many of the other presidents who were MPs were leading Antiquaries, particularly
Octavius Morgan Charles Octavius Swinnerton Morgan DL, JP, FRS, FSA (15 September 1803 – 5 August 1888), known as Octavius Morgan, was a British politician, historian and antiquary. He was a significant benefactor to the British Museum. Background and e ...
and Stanley Leighton – the latter was the founding figure of SPAB. Equally most of the bishops and churchmen, who were presidents, were leading academics. The scholarly Rev Basil Jones, the second secretary of the association, later became the president in 1878, after his elevation to the Bishopric of St David's. A change starts to appear in 1881, when Professor Cardale Babington a botanist and archaeologist at
Cambridge University , mottoeng = Literal: From here, light and sacred draughts. Non literal: From this place, we gain enlightenment and precious knowledge. , established = , other_name = The Chancellor, Masters and Schola ...
, became president. Babington was also chairman of the General Committee of Association for many years. Babington was followed in 1891 by the noted celticist Prof
John Rhys John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second E ...
of Oxford, the
Assyriologist Assyriology (from Greek , ''Assyriā''; and , '' -logia'') is the archaeological, anthropological, and linguistic study of Assyria and the rest of ancient Mesopotamia (a region that encompassed what is now modern Iraq, northeastern Syria, southea ...
Rev Prof A H Sayce, also of Oxford. In 1895 and 1896 the renowned legal historian and
Lord Chancellor The lord chancellor, formally the lord high chancellor of Great Britain, is the highest-ranking traditional minister among the Great Officers of State in Scotland and England in the United Kingdom, nominally outranking the prime minister. The ...
, Hardinge Giffard, 1st Earl of Halsbury served twice as president. The archaeologist and geologist Professor Sir William Boyd Dawkins, who was president for six years and successfully steered the association through the years of the First World War. After the First World War, further changes in the presidency are apparent. Leading archaeologists (Sir)
Mortimer Wheeler Sir Robert Eric Mortimer Wheeler CH CIE MC TD (10 September 1890 – 22 July 1976) was a British archaeologist and officer in the British Army. Over the course of his career, he served as Director of both the National Museum of Wales an ...
(1930) and (Sir)
Cyril Fox Sir Cyril Fred Fox (16 December 1882 – 15 January 1967) was an English archaeologist and museum director. Fox became keeper of archaeology at the National Museum of Wales, and subsequently served as director from 1926 to 1948. His most ...
(1933); architects: Harold Hughes (1930) and
W. D. Caröe William Douglas Caröe (1 September 1857–25 February 1938) was a British architect, particularly of churches. Early life Caröe was born on 1 September 1857 in Holmsdale, Blundellsands near Liverpool, the youngest son of the Danish Consul in ...
(1936); historians and celticists Sir John Edward Lloyd(1937) and Prof R. A. S. Macalister (1932 and 1934), were amongst the presidents. Since the Second World War the presidents have been a mixture of leading academics, professional architects and archaeologists, the occasional
Anglican Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It is one of th ...
cleric, and local historians, such as J. D. K. Lloyd of Montgomery, the editor of ''Archaeologia Cambrensis'' for many years. While women such as Angharad Llwyd had been allowed to join the Cambrians in their own right from an early date, it was not until 1988 that
Frances Lynch Frances Lynch is a Welsh archaeologist. She is an Honorary Research Fellow in the Department of History, Welsh History and Archaeology at Bangor University and the author of several volumes on the archaeology and prehistory of Wales. Lynch was el ...
became first female president. Since then there have been five further women presidents.


Annual General Meetings & Summer Conferences, and Presidents

* 1847 Aberystwyth: Sir Stephen Glynne * 1848 Caernarvon: Sir Stephen Glynne * 1849 Cardiff:
Edwin Wyndham-Quin, 3rd Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl Edwin Richard Wyndham-Quin, 3rd Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl KP PC (19 May 1812 – 6 October 1871) was an Irish peer, Member of Parliament, and archaeologist. He was styled Viscount Adare from 1824 to 1850. The son of Windham Quin, 2 ...
Viscount Adare * 1850 Dolgellau:
William Watkin Edward Wynne William Watkin Edward Wynne (23 December 1801 – 9 June 1880) was a Welsh Conservative Party politician and antiquarian. Life Wynne was born on 23 December 1801 in Denbighshire, Wales, and educated at Westminster School and Jesus College, O ...
* 1851 Tenby: John Campbell, 2nd Earl Cawdor * 1852 Ludlow: Hon Robert Henry Clive MP * 1853 Brecon:
Sir Joseph Bailey, 1st Baronet Sir Joseph Bailey, 1st Baronet (21 January 1783 – 20 November 1858), was an English ironmaster and Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP). Bailey was born in 1783 in Great Wenham, Suffolk, the son of John Bailey, of Wakefield and his wif ...
MP * 1854 Ruthin: Frederick Richard West MP * 1855 Llandeilo Fawr: George Rice-Trevor, 4th Baron Dynevor * 1856 Welshpool:
Edward James Herbert, 3rd Earl of Powis Edward James Herbert, 3rd Earl of Powis (5 November 1818 – 7 May 1891), styled Viscount Clive between 1839 and 1848, was a British peer and politician. Background Powis was born at The Angel Hotel, Pershore, Worcestershire, the eldest son o ...
* 1857 Monmouth:
Octavius Morgan Charles Octavius Swinnerton Morgan DL, JP, FRS, FSA (15 September 1803 – 5 August 1888), known as Octavius Morgan, was a British politician, historian and antiquary. He was a significant benefactor to the British Museum. Background and e ...
* 1858 Rhyl: Bishop
Thomas Vowler Short Thomas Vowler Short (16 September 1790 – 13 April 1872) was an English academic and clergyman, successively Bishop of Sodor and Man and Bishop of St Asaph. Life He was the eldest son of William Short, Archdeacon of Cornwall, with Eliza ...
of St Asaph * 1859 Cardigan: Bishop Connop Thirwall of St David's * 1860 Bangor: Charles Griffith Wynne later Charles Wynne-Finch * 1861 Swansea:
Henry Hussey Vivian Henry Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Swansea (6 July 1821 – 28 November 1894), known between May 1882 and June 1893 as Sir Hussey Vivian, 1st Baronet, was a Welsh industrialist and politician from the Vivian family. Biography Born at Singlet ...
* 1862 Truro: Henry Hussey Vivian * 1863 Kington: Sir John Benn Walsh Bt MP * 1864 Haverfordwest:
John Henry Scourfield Sir John Henry Scourfield, 1st Baronet (30 January 1808 – 3 June 1876) was a Welsh Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1852 to 1876. Life Scourfield was born John Henry Phillips, the son of Owen Phillips of Williams ...
* 1865 Douglas, Isle of Man: Henry Bougham Loch * 1866 Machynlleth: George H. R. C. W. Vane-Tempest, or The Earl Vane * 1867 Hereford: F B Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, 16th Baron Saye and Sele * 1868 Portmadoc: E. F. Coulson * 1869 Bridgend: Edwin Richard Wyndham-Quin, 3rd Earl of Dunraven * 1870 Holyhead: John Wynne Jones, Archdeacon of Bangor * 1871 Hereford: John Wynne Jones, Archdeacon of Bangor * 1872 Brecon: Sir Joseph Bailey, 2nd Baronet MP * 1873 Knighton: Arthur Walsh * 1874 Wrexham: Sir Watkin Williams -Wynn 6th Baronet * 1875 Carmarthen: Bishop
William Basil Jones William Basil Jones (1822–1897) was a Welsh bishop and scholar who became the Bishop of St David's in 1874, holding the post until his death in 1897. Personal history Jones was born on 1 January 1822 in Cheltenham to William Tilsey Jones of ...
of St David's * 1876 Abergavenny: Professor
Edward Augustus Freeman Edward Augustus Freeman (2 August 182316 March 1892) was an English historian, architectural artist, and Liberal politician during the late-19th-century heyday of Prime Minister William Gladstone, as well as a one-time candidate for Parliament. ...
* 1877 Caernarvon: Admiral
Lord Clarence Paget Admiral Lord Clarence Edward Paget (17 June 1811 – 22 March 1895) was a British naval officer, politician, and sculptor. Naval career Born the younger son of the 1st Marquess of Anglesey, Paget in 1827 like many younger sons of nobility enter ...
* 1878 Lampeter: Bishop
William Basil Jones William Basil Jones (1822–1897) was a Welsh bishop and scholar who became the Bishop of St David's in 1874, holding the post until his death in 1897. Personal history Jones was born on 1 January 1822 in Cheltenham to William Tilsey Jones of ...
of St David's * 1879 Welshpool: Charles Watkin Williams-Wynn * 1880 Pembroke: C. E. G. Philipps * 1881 Church Stretton: Professor Cardale Babington * 1882 Llanrwst: H. R. Sandbach * 1883 Fishguard: C. E. G. Philipps * 1884 Bala: Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn 6th Baronet * 1885 Newport:
Lord Tredegar Baron Tredegar, of Tredegar in the County of Monmouth, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 16 April 1859 for the Welsh politician Sir Charles Morgan, 3rd Baronet, who had earlier represented Brecon in Parliament ...
* 1886 Swansea:
John Talbot Dillwyn Llewellyn Sir John Talbot Dillwyn-Llewelyn, 1st Baronet (26 May 1836 – 6 July 1927) was a British Conservative Member of Parliament who was notable for his links to Welsh sports. Background and education Llewelyn was the son of photographer and scientis ...
* 1887 Denbigh: Charles Salusbury Mainwaring * 1888 Cowbridge: Richard Lewis, Bishop of Llandaff * 1889 Brittany & London: Dr le Closmadeuc * 1890 Holywell: Llewelyn N. V. Lloyd-Mostyn, 3rd
Baron Mostyn Baron Mostyn, of Mostyn in the County of Flint, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1831 for Sir Edward Lloyd, 2nd Baronet, who had earlier represented Flint Boroughs and Beaumaris in the House of Commons. His so ...
* 1891 Kerry, Ireland: Prof
John Rhys John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second E ...
* 1892 Llandeilo Fawr: Sir James William Drummond * 1893 Oswestry: Stanley Leighton MP, FSA * 1894 Caernarvon:
George Douglas-Pennant, 2nd Baron Penrhyn George Sholto Gordon Douglas-Pennant, 2nd Baron Penrhyn (30 September 1836 – 10 March 1907), was a landowner who played a prominent part in the Welsh slate industry as the owner of the Penrhyn Quarry in North Wales. Life He was born at Linton ...
* 1895 Launceston, Cornwall: Hardinge Giffard, 1st Earl of Halsbury * 1896 Aberystwyth: Hardinge Giffard, 1st Earl of Halsbury * 1897 Haverfordwest: F. Lloyd Philipps * 1898 Ludlow: Sir Owen H. P. Scourfield * 1899 West Coast of Scotland and London: Lord Windsor * 1900 Merthyr Tydfil:
Lord Aberdare Baron Aberdare, of Duffryn in the County of Glamorgan, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 23 August 1873 for the Liberal politician Henry Bruce. He served as Home Secretary from 1868 to 1873. His grandson, the thi ...
* 1901 Newtown: Lieut-Col E Pryce Jones * 1902 Brecon:
Joseph Bailey, 2nd Baron Glanusk Joseph Henry Russell Bailey, 2nd Baron Glanusk (26 October 1864 – 11 January 1928), was a British Army officer and peer. Early life Bailey was the eldest son of Sir Joseph Bailey, 2nd Baronet, who was created Baron Glanusk in 1899, when his c ...
* 1903 Portmadoc:
Richard Henry Wood Richard Henry Wood DL JP FSA FRGS (6 February 1820 – 26 April 1908) was a British antiquary and philanthropist. Career Wood was the son of Charles Wood (d.1866) of Northen House, Northen, Cheshire, a former officer in the Napoleonic War ...
* 1904 Cardigan:
John William Willis-Bund John William Bund Willis-Bund (8 August 1843 – 7 June 1928) was a British lawyer, legal writer and professor of constitutional law and history at King's College London, a historian who wrote on the Welsh church and other subjects, and a loca ...
* 1905 Shrewsbury: D. H. Thomas,
Archdeacon of Montgomery Archdeaconry of Montgomery is an archdeaconry within the Diocese of St Asaph. It covers the eastern area of Montgomeryshire and includes Welshpool, Newtown, and Llanfyllin. Originally part of the Archdeaconry of Powys, which dated from the Medieva ...
* 1906 Carmarthen: Sir John Williams 1st Baronet * 1907 Llangefni: Sir Richard H. Williams Bulkely * 1908 Monmouth: Rev Prof A. H. Sayce * 1909 Chester: Sir Henry Hoyle Howarth * 1910 Llandrindod Wells:
Charles Dillwyn-Venables-Llewellyn Sir Charles Leyshon Dillwyn-Venables-Llewelyn, 2nd Baronet (29 June 1870 – 24 June 1951) was a Welsh Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) who briefly represented Radnorshire in the House of Commons and served as Lord-Lieutenant of Radnorshire ...
* 1911 Abergele: Professor William Boyd Dawkins * 1912 Cardiff: Robert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth * 1913 Devizes: Professor William Boyd Dawkins * 1914 Shrewsbury: Professor William Boyd Dawkins * 1915 Shrewsbury: Professor William Boyd Dawkins * 1916 Shrewsbury: Professor William Boyd Dawkins * 1917 Shrewsbury: Professor William Boyd Dawkins * 1918 Shrewsbury: Professor William Boyd Dawkins * 1919 Dolgellau: Sir E. Vincent Evans * 1920 Swansea: Lt Col W. Ll. Morgan * 1921 Ruthin: Sir E Vincent Evans * 1922 Haverfordwest: Sir Evan D. Jones Bt MP * 1923 Oswestry: Prof
J. E. Lloyd Sir John Edward Lloyd (5 May 1861 – 20 June 1947) was a Welsh historian, He was the author of the first serious history of the country's formative years, ''A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest'' (1911). An ...
* 1924 Brittany: Prof H. G. Fleure * 1925 Llandeilo Fawr: Hon. Charles Urien Rhys MP * 1926 Pwllheli: Willoughby Gardner * 1927 Hereford: Rev E. Hermitage Day * 1928 Aberafan: H. J. Randall * 1929 Douglas, Isle of Man: P. M. C. Kermode * 1930 Menai Bridge: H Harold Hughes * 1931 Lampeter:
Mortimer Wheeler Sir Robert Eric Mortimer Wheeler CH CIE MC TD (10 September 1890 – 22 July 1976) was a British archaeologist and officer in the British Army. Over the course of his career, he served as Director of both the National Museum of Wales an ...
* 1932 Newtown: Prof R. A. S. Macalister * 1933 Cardiff:
Cyril Fox Sir Cyril Fred Fox (16 December 1882 – 15 January 1967) was an English archaeologist and museum director. Fox became keeper of archaeology at the National Museum of Wales, and subsequently served as director from 1926 to 1948. His most ...
* 1934 Galway: Prof R. A. S. Macalister * 1935 Llangollen: Archdeacon C. F. Roberts * 1936 Abergavenny:
W. D. Caröe William Douglas Caröe (1 September 1857–25 February 1938) was a British architect, particularly of churches. Early life Caröe was born on 1 September 1857 in Holmsdale, Blundellsands near Liverpool, the youngest son of the Danish Consul in ...
* 1937 Bangor: Sir John Edward Lloyd * 1938 Tenby: Rev D. L. Prosser, Bishop of St David's * 1939 Shrewsbury Emergency Meeting * 1940–1945 No Meeting * 1946 Aberystwyth: David Ormsby-Gore, 5th Baron Harlech * 1947 Rhyl: Lord Mostyn * 1948 Carmarthen: Rev D. L. Prosser, Archbishop of Wales * 1949 Harlech: Sir Ifor Williams * 1950 Carlisle: Sir Ifor Williams * 1951 Brecon: Edward Williamson, Bishop of Swansea and Brecon * 1952 Bangor: Robert Richards MP * 1953 Chepstow: V. E. Nash Williams * 1954 Shrewsbury: J. D. K. Lloyd * 1955 Nefyn:
Wilfrid James Hemp Wilfrid James Hemp, (27 April 1882, Richmond upon Thames, Surrey – 14 April 1962, Pwllheli, Caernarvonshire) was an English archaeologist and antiquarian, an expert on medieval and pre-historic Wales. Hemp was the only son of James Kennerley ...
* 1956 Haverfordwest: Sir Frederick Rees, High Sheriff of Pembrokeshire * 1957 Bala: Canon Ellis Davies * 1958 Presteigne:
T. Alwyn Lloyd Thomas Alwyn Lloyd (11 August 1881 – 19 June 1960), known as ''T. Alwyn Lloyd'', was a Welsh architect and town planner. He was one of the founders of the Town Planning Institute in 1914 and its President in 1933. He was also a founding membe ...
* 1959 Ruthin: Professor
A. H. Dodd Professor Arthur Herbert Dodd (1891 – 21 May 1975) was an academic historian who taught and published widely, specialising in the politics of the Tudor and Stuart periods, Welsh history, and the history of the Industrial Revolution. Dodd was ...
* 1960 Swansea: Professor William Rees * 1961 Dublin: C. A. Ralegh Radford * 1962 Newtown: E. D. Jones * 1963 Cardiff: Professor
W. F. Grimes William Francis Grimes (known as Peter; 31 October 1905 – 25 December 1988) was a Welsh archaeologist. He devoted his career to the archaeology of London and the prehistory of Wales. He was appointed a CBE in 1955. Early life Grimes was bo ...
* 1964 Llangefni: Professor T. Jones Pierce * 1965 Hereford: Bishop Glyn Simon of Llandaff * 1966 Chester: George Lloyd * 1967 Carmarthen: Professor
E. G. Bowen Emrys George Bowen FRGS, FSA, also known as E. G. Bowen (28 December 1900 – 8 November 1983), was an internationally renowned geographer with a particular interest in the physical geography and social geography of his native Wales. A diminut ...
* 1968 Glasgow: Professor
Idris Foster Sir Idris Llewelyn Foster (23 July 1911 – 18 June 1984) was a Welsh scholar and Jesus Professor of Celtic at the University of Oxford from 1947 until 1978. He was born in Carneddi, Bethesda, Caernarfonshire, Wales, and studied Latin and Welsh ...
* 1969 Vale of Conway: A. J. Taylor * 1970 Caerleon: E. I. P. Bowen * 1971 Harlech: C. E. Vaughan Owen * 1972 Lampeter:
A. H. A. Hogg Alexander Hubert Arthur Hogg (1908–1989) was a British archaeologist best known for his work on hillforts. His gazetteer ''British Hill Forts: an index'' was published in 1979. Education Hogg was educated at Highgate School in London and Si ...
* 1973 Wrexham: H. Mostyn Lewis * 1974 South Brecknock: Canon J. Jones Davies * 1975 Winchester: Dr H. N. Savoury * 1976 Carmarthen: D. J. Cathcart King * 1977 Aberystwyth: D. J. Cathcart King * 1978 Caerleon: Donald Moore * 1979 Bangor: Peter Smith * 1980 Swansea: Professor
Glanmor Williams Sir Glanmor Williams (5 May 1920 – 24 February 2005) was one of Wales's most eminent historians. Sir Glanmor was born in Dowlais, into a working-class family, and was educated at Cyfarthfa Grammar School in Merthyr Tydfil. He studied at ...
* 1981 Chester: H. Noel Jerman * 1982 Cumbria: Professor
Leslie Alcock Leslie Alcock (24 April 1925 – 6 June 2006) was Professor of Archaeology at the University of Glasgow, and one of the leading archaeologists of Early Medieval Britain. His major excavations included Dinas Powys hill fort in Wales, Cadbury Ca ...
* 1983 Cardiff: Sir
Cennydd Traherne Sir Cennydd George Traherne (14 December 1910 – 26 January 1995) was a notable Welsh landowner. Sir Cennydd was born at Coedarhydyglyn near Cardiff, and was educated at Wellington College and Brasenose College, Oxford. He owned Dyffryn Hous ...
* 1984 Anglesey: Henry A Wheeler * 1985 Carmarthen: Major Francis Jones * 1986 Weston-Super-Mare: George C. Boon * 1987 Hereford: Professor J. Gwynn Williams * 1988 Leinster, Ireland:
Frances Lynch Frances Lynch is a Welsh archaeologist. She is an Honorary Research Fellow in the Department of History, Welsh History and Archaeology at Bangor University and the author of several volumes on the archaeology and prehistory of Wales. Lynch was el ...
* 1989 Llandudno: Trefor M. Owen * 1990 Llandrindod Wells: Professor D. Ellis Evans * 1991 Dolgellau: Professor
R. Geraint Gruffydd Robert Geraint Gruffydd FLSW FBA (9 June 1928 – 24 March 2015) was a scholar of Welsh language and literature. From 1970 to 1979, he was Professor of Welsh Language and Literature at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, and was made Emeritus Pr ...
* 1992 St David's: W. Gwyn Thomas * 1993 Portlaoise, Ireland: Morfydd Owen * 1994 Caerleon: Rev Dr David Williams * 1995 Flintshire: Canon M. H. Ridgway * 1996 Morlaix, Brittany: Professor P. R. Giot * 1997 Aberystwyth: Glyn Lewis Jones * 1998 York and Yorkshire: Dr Lawrence Butler * 1999 Galway, Ireland: Professor Etienne Ryan * 2000 Swansea: Keith Mascetti * 2001 Forest of Dean: Jeremy Knight * 2002 Caernarfon and Lleyn: Dr
Geoffrey Wainwright Geoffrey Wainwright (1939 – 17 March 2020) was an English theologian. He spent much of his career in the United States and taught at Duke Divinity School. Wainwright made major contributions to modern Methodist theology and Christian liturgy, ...
* 2003 Milton Keynes: Professor Muriel E. Chamberlain * 2004 Rouen/Kington & Llandrindod Wells: Rev Dr R. W. D. Fenn * 2005 Bala: Jeffrey Davies * 2006 Chester: Richard Avent * 2007 Carmarthen: Thomas Lloyd (Welsh Herald) * 2008 Bettws-y-Coed: Professor Alan J. Carr * 2009 Ebbw Vale: Richard G. Keen * 2010 Canterbury: Rev. J.
Wyn Evans John Wyn Evans (born 4 October 1946) is a retired Anglican bishop. He had served as Bishop of St Davids in the Church in Wales from 2008 to 2016. Biography Born into a clerical family (his father was Eifion Evans (archdeacon of Cardigan) ...
, Bishop of St David's * 2011 Gascony: Professor Gwyn Meirion-Jones * 2012 Anglesey: David Longley * 2013 Brittany: Dr
Siân Rees Siân Rees is a British author and historian. She was born in Cornwall, has a degree in history from University of Oxford and lives in France. She is particularly interested in the social and maritime history of the 17th and 18th centuries. Her fi ...
* 2014 Dumfries and Galloway: Professor W. H. Manning * 2015 Lampeter: Professor David Austin * 2016 Vale of Clwyd: Dr John Kenyon * 2017 Ironbridge: Professor Prys Morgan * 2018 Llandridod Wells: Dr Mark Redknap * 2019 Haverford West: Professor
Nancy Edwards Nancy Margaret Edwards, (born 8 January 1954) is a British archaeologist and academic, who specialises in medieval archaeology and ecclesiastical history. Since 2008, she has been Professor of Medieval Archaeology at Bangor University. Early l ...
* 2020 Professor Michael Jones * 2021 Lincoln: Dr Eurwyn Wiliam * 2022 Ribble Valley. Dr Elizabeth Walker.


References


Bibliography

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External links

* {{authority control Archaeology of Wales History of Wales 1846 establishments in Wales Cultural heritage of Wales C Organizations established in 1846 Archaeological organizations Cultural heritage conservation Aberystwyth