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Bronisław Bohatyrewicz of Ostoja (1870–1940) was a Polish military commander and a general of the Polish Army. Murdered during the
Born 24 February or 24 April 1870 (sources differ)Гарадзенцам пакажуць фільм «Катынь»
: Ён нарадзіўся ў Гродне ў беларускай шляхецкай сям’і, у 1918‑1919 гадах арганізаваў і ўзначаліў аддзел мясцовай самаабароны, які потым быў пераўтвораны ў нацыянальную беларуска‑літоўскую дывізію. (
Katyn massacre
The Katyn massacre, "Katyń crime"; russian: link=yes, Катынская резня ''Katynskaya reznya'', "Katyn massacre", or russian: link=no, Катынский расстрел, ''Katynsky rasstrel'', "Katyn execution" was a series of m ...
, Bohatyrewicz was one of the Generals whose bodies were identified by forensic scientists of the Katyn Commission
The Katyn Commission or the International Katyn Commission was a committee formed in April 1943 under request by Germany to investigate the Katyn massacre of some 22,000 Polish nationals during the Soviet occupation of Eastern Poland, mostly pri ...
during the 1943 exhumation.
Life
Born 24 February or 24 April 1870 (sources differ)Anna Cienciala
Anna Maria Cienciala (November 8, 1929 – December 24, 2014) was a Polish-American historian and author. She specialized in modern Polish and Russian history. Graduating with a history doctorate in 1962, she taught at two Canadian universities fo ...
(ed.), ''Katyn A Crime Without Punishment'' Yale, 2007 . in Grodno
Grodno (russian: Гродно, pl, Grodno; lt, Gardinas) or Hrodna ( be, Гродна ), is a city in western Belarus. The city is located on the Neman River, 300 km (186 mi) from Minsk, about 15 km (9 mi) from the Polish b ...
, in a noble family being part of the Clan of Ostoja
The Clan of Ostoja (old Polish: ''Ostoya'') was a powerful group of knights and lords in late-medieval Europe. The clan encompassed families in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (including present-day Belarus and Ukraine), Hungary and Upper Hu ...
, Bohatyrewicz joined the Imperial Russian Army
The Imperial Russian Army (russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, tr. ) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian Ar ...
, where he received officers training. In September 1918 he joined the Polish Army. He started as the commanding officer of Belarusian self-defence units in Grodno during the opening stages of the Russian Civil War
, date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East th ...
and then the Polish-Bolshevik War.: Ён нарадзіўся ў Гродне ў беларускай шляхецкай сям’і, у 1918‑1919 гадах арганізаваў і ўзначаліў аддзел мясцовай самаабароны, які потым быў пераўтвораны ў нацыянальную беларуска‑літоўскую дывізію. (
Nasha Niva
''Nasha Niva'' ( be, Наша Ніва, Naša Niva, lit. "Our field") is one of the oldest Belarusian weekly newspapers, founded in 1906 and re-established in 1991. ''Nasha Niva'' became a cultural symbol, due to the newspaper's importance as a p ...
) Successful in the battle of Grodno, in 1919 he became the commander of the Polish 81st Infantry Regiment. After the war he continued his career in the army and received further training in the Higher War School
The National Defence University of Warsaw ( – AON) was the civil-military highest defence academic institution in Poland, located in Warszawa–Rembertów. In 2016 it was succeeded by the War Studies University.
The National Defence Universit ...
in Warsaw
Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...
. Between 1923 and 1926 he commanded the infantry units of the Polish 18th Infantry Division and the following year he was promoted to the rank of generał brygady
Generał brygady (, literally ''General of a brigade'', abbreviated gen. bryg.) is the lowest grade for generals in the Polish Army (both in the Land Forces and in the Polish Air Force). Depending on the context, it is equivalent to both the mode ...
and retired from active duty.
Katyn
After thePolish Defensive War
The invasion of Poland (1 September – 6 October 1939) was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after ...
of 1939 Bohatyrewicz was arrested by the NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (russian: Наро́дный комиссариа́т вну́тренних дел, Naródnyy komissariát vnútrennikh del, ), abbreviated NKVD ( ), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union.
...
Stanoslaw Swianiewicz ''In the Shadow of Katyn'' Witold, 2004 Page 233 and imprisoned in Kozelsk
Kozelsk (russian: Козе́льск) is a town and the administrative center of Kozelsky District in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the Zhizdra River (Oka's tributary), southwest of Kaluga, the administrative center of the oblast. Populatio ...
J.K.Zawodny ''Death in the Forest'' Notre Dame, 1962 Page 145''The Crime of Katyn'' Polish Cultural Foundation, 1989 Page 18 in the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
. He was murdered in Katyn in the spring of 1940, aged seventy, during the Katyń massacre
The Katyn massacre, "Katyń crime"; russian: link=yes, Катынская резня ''Katynskaya reznya'', "Katyn massacre", or russian: link=no, Катынский расстрел, ''Katynsky rasstrel'', "Katyn execution" was a series of m ...
.J.K.Zawodny ''Death in the Forest'' Notre Dame, 1962 Page 23Allen Paul ''Katyn'' Naval Institute, 1996 Page 208 Among the Katyn victims were 14 Polish generals including Leon Billewicz
Leon Billewicz (April 25, 1870 in Werbiczna – April 1940) was a Polish officer and a General of the Polish Army. He was murdered during the Katyń massacre.
Biography
Service
Initially serving with the Imperial Russian Army, in November 1 ...
, Xawery Czernicki
Rear Admiral Xawery Stanisław Czernicki (1882–1940) was a Polish engineer, military commander and one of the highest-ranking officers of the Polish Navy. Considered one of the founders of Polish Navy's logistical services, he was murdered by ...
(admiral), Stanisław Haller
Stanisław Haller de Hallenburg (26 April 1872 – April 1940) was a Polish politician and general who was murdered in the Katyn massacre. He was a cousin of General Józef Haller von Hallenburg.
Life
Between 1894 and 1918 Haller served in the Au ...
, Aleksander Kowalewski, Henryk Minkiewicz
Henryk Minkiewicz (19 January 1880 – 9 April 1940) was a Polish socialist politician and a general of the Polish Army. Former commander of the Border Defence Corps, he was among the Polish officers murdered in the Katyń massacre.; ; ; ; ; ;
L ...
, Kazimierz Orlik-Łukoski
Kazimierz Orlik-Łukoski (13 September 1890 – 1940) was a Polish military commander and one of the Generals of the Polish Army murdered by the Soviet Union in the Katyń massacre of 1940.
Life
He was born Kazimierz Łukoski in 1890, in the vill ...
, Konstanty Plisowski
Konstanty Plisowski of Odrowąż (8 June 1890 – 1940) was a Polish general and military commander. He was the Commander in the battle of Jazłowiec and the battle of Brześć Litewski. He was murdered on Stalin's orders in the Katyn massacre.
...
, (murdered in Lviv
Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in western Ukraine, and the seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine ...
), Franciszek Sikorski, Leonard Skierski
Leonard Wilhelm Skierski (26 April 1866 – 1940) was a Polish military officer. He was a general of the Imperial Russian Army and then served in the Polish Army. He fought in World War I and in the Polish–Soviet War. He was one of fourteen ...
, Piotr Skuratowicz
Piotr Skuratowicz (1 August 1891 – 1940) was a Polish military commander and a General of the Polish Army. A renowned cavalryman, he was arrested by the NKVD and murdered in the Katyn massacre.
Piotr Marian Skuratowicz was born 1891 in Minsk, ...
, Mieczysław Smorawiński
Brigadier General Mieczysław Makary Smorawiński (1893–1940), was a Polish military commander and officer of the Polish Army. He was one of the Polish generals identified by forensic scientists of the Katyn Commission as the victim of the Sovie ...
and Alojzy Wir-Konas
Alojzy Wir-Konas (Maków Podhalański, 1894 – 1940) was a Polish military commander and the Colonel in the Polish Army. Serving as Divisional Commander during the Invasion of Poland, he was murdered in the Katyn massacre.
Alojzy Konas joined th ...
(promoted posthumously).; ; ; ; ; ;
Honours and awards
* Silver Cross of the Order of Virtuti Militari * Cross of Valour - four times * Silver Cross of Merit * Merit Cross for Forces in Central LithuanianSee also
* Katyn *Clan of Ostoja
The Clan of Ostoja (old Polish: ''Ostoya'') was a powerful group of knights and lords in late-medieval Europe. The clan encompassed families in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (including present-day Belarus and Ukraine), Hungary and Upper Hu ...
* Ostoja coat of arms
Ostoja ( sr-cyr, Остоја) may refer to:
* Ostoja, Łódź Voivodeship, a village in Poland
* Ostoja, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, a village in Poland
* Clan of Ostoja, a late medieval European clan
* Ostoja coat of arms
* Ostoja, masculin ...
* Mieczysław Smorawiński
Brigadier General Mieczysław Makary Smorawiński (1893–1940), was a Polish military commander and officer of the Polish Army. He was one of the Polish generals identified by forensic scientists of the Katyn Commission as the victim of the Sovie ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bohatyrewicz, Bronislaw 1870 births 1940 deaths People from Grodno People from Grodnensky Uyezd Clan of Ostoja Polish generals Polish military personnel killed in World War II Polish prisoners of war World War II prisoners of war held by the Soviet Union Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland) Recipients of the Silver Cross of Merit (Poland) People from the Russian Empire of Polish descent Imperial Russian Army personnel Belarusian people executed by the Soviet Union Katyn massacre victims