British Rail Class 506
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The British Rail Class 506 was a 3 carriage
electric multiple unit An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple-unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a numbe ...
(EMU) built for local services between
Manchester Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The t ...
,
Glossop Glossop is a market town in the Borough of High Peak, Derbyshire, England. It is located east of Manchester, north-west of Sheffield and north of the county town, Matlock. Glossop lies near Derbyshire's borders with Cheshire, Greater Manches ...
and Hadfield on the Woodhead Line, which was electrified in 1954 on the 1,500 V DC overhead system.


Design

There were eight three-car units, ordered in 1938 by the
LNER LNER may refer to: * London and North Eastern Railway, a railway company in the United Kingdom from 1923 until 1947 * London North Eastern Railway, a train operating company in the United Kingdom since 2018 * Liquid neutral earthing resistor, a typ ...
and built in 1950, but they did not enter service until June 1954. Similar in design to the Class 306 EMUs (prior to their conversion to operation), and built on the same production lines (making a total of 100 units of basically similar design), they were equipped with air-operated sliding doors.


Formation

Each unit was formed of a Driving Motor Brake Third (seating 52); a Trailer Composite (seating 24 first class and 38 third class passengers); and a Driving Trailer Third (seating 60). Third class was redesignated Second across the whole of BR on 3 June 1956, while the first class seating of these units was declassified to second in early 1960. The eight 3-car sets were formed into 6-car trains at peak hours. The frequency of the Glossop/Hadfield service at peak times was every 30 minutes, and the round trip took nearly 90 minutes, requiring six of the eight units in service each weekday. With one spare unit, and one away for works overhaul at a time, there was no scope to use the units for other tasks.


Electrical equipment

The EMUs were equipped with a single diamond-shaped
pantograph A pantograph (, from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen, in tracing an image, produces identical movements in a second pen. If a line dr ...
, mounted over the driver's cab and adjacent guard's compartment at the outer end of the driving motor carriage. This gave a ready identification feature because, following the withdrawal of the Manchester-Altrincham units in May 1971, all other overhead-line EMUs operating in the Manchester area had the motor coach, and thus the pantograph, in the middle of the unit. Unlike the similar Class 306, the eight Class 506 units remained solely equipped for 1,500 V DC operation for their entire lives. This made them unable to operate on any lines away from the Woodhead route when other lines changed to AC operation. They rarely operated east of Hadfield anyway, due to low gearing and the risk of overheating; however, trials were conducted in 1969 to assess the possibility of use through the
Woodhead Tunnel The Woodhead Tunnels are three parallel trans- Pennine long railway tunnels on the Woodhead Line, a former major rail link from Manchester to Sheffield in Northern England. The western portals of the tunnels are at Woodhead in Derbyshire and ...
.


Motors

Each power car had four 185 hp GEC
traction motor A traction motor is an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, such as locomotives, electric vehicle, electric or hydrogen vehicles, elevators or electric multiple unit. Traction motors are used in electrically powered rail vehicles (ele ...
s, giving a total of 740 hp per 3-car set.


Numbering

British Railways numbers were: * Motor Open Brake Second ** M59401-M59408 (8 cars 1954, Met-Cam) * Trailer Open Second (built as Trailer Composite, declassified early 1960) ** M59501-M59508 (8 cars 1954, Met-Cam) * Driving Trailer Open Second ** M59601-M59608 (8 cars 1954, BRCW) Being built against an LNER order, the numbers were in the former LNER series. To distinguish these from other similarly-numbered carriages, BR used letter prefixes and suffixes, but these varied. At the time that they were delivered, the numbers were in fact unique; but from 1959, new Diesel multiple-units were delivered carrying similar numbers, in the BR series. The Manchester-Glossop-Hadfield EMU number prefixes and suffixes may be summarised thus: *as new — prefix "E" to denote allocation to the Eastern Region, i.e. E59401 etc. *by 21 September 1957 — suffix "E" added to denote former LNER number series, i.e. E59401E etc. *1 February 1958 — prefix altered to "M" following transfer of route to London Midland Region, i.e. M59401E etc. *circa 1968 — suffix altered to "M" implying transfer to former LMS number series, i.e. M59401M etc. The "E" suffix seems to have been dropped a few years prior to the change to "M"; photographs exist from the 1964–1968 period showing unsuffixed numbers, including M59404, M59405 and M59408. No unit numbers were carried, however the cars were normally formed so that the last two digits corresponded, i.e. 59401-59501-59601 etc., and the units were known locally as 01, 02, etc. On the few occasions that units were reformed, one car would be renumbered to correspond with the others in its new unit; thus 59406 became 59408 in December 1983 (59506, 59606 and the real 59408 being withdrawn); while 59401 (crudely renumbered 59402) was formed with 59502 and 59602 about September 1984 (59501, 59601 and the real 59402 being stored out of service). There is a suggestion that the motor coaches would originally have been numbered 29401-8, but this may be a typo - the initial digit "2" would imply the North Eastern Area of the former LNER, while "5" denotes the Great Central Section.


Classification

Originally, no special class code was allotted, the units being known as "Manchester-Glossop-Hadfield" stock. The class were officially numbered 506 under the
TOPS Total Operations Processing System (TOPS) is a computer system for managing railway locomotives and rolling stock, known for many years of use in the United Kingdom. TOPS was originally developed between the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP), S ...
system, however they never carried 506xxx numbers in service. The individual coach types were in the Eastern Region carriage diagram book as Dia. 363F (Driving Motor), 366 (Trailer) and 365F (Driving Trailer). Under TOPS, design codes EB2.05.0A, EH2.04.0A and EE2.04.0A respectively were allotted.


Operational history

The class operated local services between , and on the Woodhead Line. Following the closure of Reddish depot in 1983, units had to be diesel-hauled from Longsight depot to their usual route, due to incompatibility with the available 25kV power supply.


Accidents and incidents

On 21 May 1970 the 22:45
Manchester Piccadilly Manchester Piccadilly is the principal railway station in Manchester, England. Opened as Store Street in 1842, it was renamed Manchester London Road in 1847 and became Manchester Piccadilly in 1960. Located to the south-east of Manchester city ...
to Hadfield was on the up fast line passing Audenshaw Junction near Guide Bridge when the middle and rear cars were diverted onto the up slow line due to the points being changed underneath the train. The middle car turned on its side as a result and was dragged for 90 yards before coming to rest against an overbridge. Two passengers were killed and 13 injured.


Withdrawal

In 1981, the Woodhead line was closed east of Hadfield. In December 1984, the remaining section was converted to the standard 25 kV AC overhead system and the Class 506 EMUs were withdrawn following the last run on 7 December. After their withdrawal, unit 59404-59504-59604 was set aside for preservation, but the rest were all sent to
Vic Berry Vic Berry's Scrapyard was a large railway scrapyard situated in the former Great Central Railway Braunstone Gate goods yard in Leicester. Operations Vic Berry established his Leicester scrapyard in 1973 on the site of what had been the fo ...
in Leicester for scrap; they were cut up in April 1985. They were replaced by Class 303s, which transferred from
Glasgow Glasgow ( ; sco, Glesca or ; gd, Glaschu ) is the most populous city in Scotland and the fourth-most populous city in the United Kingdom, as well as being the 27th largest city by population in Europe. In 2020, it had an estimated popul ...
and have themselves since been withdrawn. The
Glossop line The Glossop line is a railway line connecting the city of Manchester with the towns of Hadfield and Glossop in Derbyshire, England. Passenger services on the line are operated by Northern Trains. The line is the surviving section west of the ...
is now operated by
Class 323 The British Rail Class 323 are electric multiple unit (EMU) passenger trains built by Hunslet Transportation Projects and Holec. All 43 units were built from 1992 through to 1995, although mock-ups and prototypes were built and tested in 1990 ...
EMUs.


Preservation

One complete unit was scheduled for preservation by the West Yorkshire Transport Museum; it was based originally at Dinting Railway Museum. It then moved to the former
Bradford Hammerton Street Depot Bradford Hammerton Street Depot was a traction maintenance depot located in Bradford, West Yorkshire Bradford is a city status in the United Kingdom, city and the administrative centre of the City of Bradford district in West Yorkshire, ...
and finally on to the
Midland Railway - Butterley Midland may refer to: Places Australia * Midland, Western Australia Canada * Midland, Albert County, New Brunswick * Midland, Kings County, New Brunswick * Midland, Newfoundland and Labrador * Midland, Ontario India * Midland Ward, Kohima, Naga ...
. It deteriorated severely; two cars, and most of the third, were scrapped in August 1995 by
CF Booth C F Booth Ltd is a family-owned scrap metal and recycling business based in Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. Operations Clarence Frederick Booth founded the business in 1920, as a metal purchaser and trader. Over the company's history, t ...
in
Rotherham Rotherham () is a large minster and market town in South Yorkshire, England. The town takes its name from the River Rother which then merges with the River Don. The River Don then flows through the town centre. It is the main settlement of ...
. All that remains is: a severed driving end of a motor open brake second, M59404, which was preserved at the
Electric Railway Museum, Warwickshire The Electric Railway Museum (formerly the Coventry Railway Centre) was located in Warwickshire, south-east of Coventry, near the village of Baginton. The heritage railway centre was immediately adjacent to Coventry Airport and so it was also kn ...
until its closure in 2017; and the cab of M59494M at The Cab Yard in Wales, intended for future display at a Welsh heritage railway.


See also

*
Glossop Line The Glossop line is a railway line connecting the city of Manchester with the towns of Hadfield and Glossop in Derbyshire, England. Passenger services on the line are operated by Northern Trains. The line is the surviving section west of the ...
* Woodhead Line * Manchester-Sheffield-Wath electric railway


References


Further reading

* *


External links

* {{British Rail EMU
506 Year 506 (Roman numerals, DVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Flavius Ennodius Messala, Messala and Areobindus Dagalai ...
Train-related introductions in 1954 1500 V DC multiple units