Bournemouth

Bournemouth /ˈbɔːrnməθ/ ( listen) is a large coastal
resort town on the south coast of
England

England directly to the east of the
Jurassic Coast, a 96-mile (155 km) World Heritage Site.[1]
According to the 2011 census, the town has a population of 183,491
making it the largest settlement in Dorset. With
Poole

Poole to the west and
Christchurch in the east,
Bournemouth

Bournemouth forms the South East Dorset
conurbation, which has a total population of over 465,000.
Before it was founded in 1810 by Lewis Tregonwell, the area was a
deserted heathland occasionally visited by fishermen and smugglers.
Initially marketed as a health resort, the town received a boost when
it appeared in Augustus Granville's 1841 book, The Spas of England.
Bournemouth's growth truly accelerated with the arrival of the railway
and it became a recognised town in 1870. Historically part of
Hampshire, it joined
Dorset

Dorset with the reorganisation of local
government in 1974. Since 1997, the town has been administered by a
unitary authority, meaning it is independent of
Dorset

Dorset County Council,
although it remains part of that ceremonial county. The local council
is
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Borough Council.
The town centre has notable
Victorian architecture

Victorian architecture and the 202-foot
(62 m) spire of St Peter's Church, one of three Grade 1 listed
churches in the borough, is a local landmark. Bournemouth's location
has made it a popular destination for tourists, attracting over five
million visitors annually with its beaches and popular nightlife. The
town is also a regional centre of business, home of the Bournemouth
International Centre or BIC, and a financial sector that is worth more
than £1,000 million in gross value added.
Contents
1 Toponymy
2 History
3 Governance
4 Geography
4.1 Climate
4.2 Green belt
5 Demography
6 Economy
7 Culture
8 Landmarks
9 Sport
10 Transport
10.1 Road
10.2 Rail
10.3 Air
11 Education
12 Religion
13 Naming conventions
14 Notable people
15 Twin towns
16 See also
17 Notes
18 References
19 Bibliography
20 External links
Toponymy[edit]
The first mention of
Bournemouth

Bournemouth comes in the Christchurch cartulary
of 1406, where a monk describes how a large fish ("uni magno piscis"),
18 feet (5.5 metres) long, was washed up at "La Bournemowthe" in
October of that year and taken to the Manor of Wick; six days later, a
portion of the fish was collected by a canon from Christchurch Priory
and taken away as tithe.[2] "La Bournemowthe", however, was purely a
geographic reference to the uninhabited area around the mouth of the
small river which, in turn, drained the heathland between the towns of
Poole

Poole and Christchurch.[3][4][5] The word bourne, meaning a small
stream, is a derivative of burna, old English for a brook.[4][6] From
the latter half of the 16th century "Bourne Mouth" seems to be
preferred, being recorded as such in surveys and reports of the
period, but this appears to have been shortened to "Bourne" after the
area had started to develop.[4][5] A travel guide published in 1831
calls the place "Bourne Cliffe" or "Tregonwell's Bourne" after its
founder.[7] The Spas of England, published ten years later, calls it
simply "Bourne"[8] as does an 1838 edition of the Hampshire
Advertiser.[9] In the late 19th century "Bournemouth" became
predominant, although its two-word form appears to have remained in
use up until at least the early 20th century, turning up on a 1909
ordnance map.[3][10]
History[edit]
Main article: History of Bournemouth
Section of a 1759 map of
Hampshire

Hampshire by Isaac Taylor, showing the Manor
of Christchurch and the area around the Bourne chine.
In the 12th century the region around the mouth of the River Bourne
was part of the Hundred of Holdenhurst. The hundred later became the
Liberty of Westover when it was also extended to include the
settlements of North Ashley, Muscliff, Muccleshell, Throop, Iford,
Pokesdown,
Tuckton

Tuckton and Wick, and incorporated into the Manor of
Christchurch.[11] Although the
Dorset

Dorset and
Hampshire

Hampshire region surrounding
it had been the site of human settlement for thousands of years,
Westover was largely a remote and barren heathland before 1800.[12] In
1574 the Earl of
Southampton

Southampton noted that the area was "Devoid of all
habitation", and as late as 1795 the Duke of
Rutland

Rutland recorded that
"... on this barren and uncultivated heath there was not a human
to direct us".[4][13]
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the Borough of Bournemouth
would grow to encompass a number of ancient settlements along the
River Stour, including Longham where a skull thought to be 5,500 years
old was found in 1932.
Bronze Age

Bronze Age burials near Moordown, and the
discovery of
Iron Age

Iron Age pottery on the East Cliff in 1969, suggest there
may have been settlements there during that period. Hengistbury Head,
added to the borough in 1932, was the site of a much older
Palaeolithic

Palaeolithic encampment.[14][15][16] During the latter half of the
16th century James Blount, 6th Baron Mountjoy, began mining for alum
in the area, and at one time part of the heath was used for hunting,
although by the late 18th century little evidence of either event
remained.[17][18] No-one lived at the mouth of the Bourne river and
the only regular visitors to the area before the 19th century were a
few fishermen, turf cutters and gangs of smugglers.[19]
Photochrom

Photochrom of Invalids' Walk, 1890s
Prior to the Christchurch Inclosures Act 1802, more than 70% of the
Westover area was common land. The act, together with the Inclosure
Commissioners' Award of 1805, transferred 5000 acres into the hands of
five private owners, including James Harris, 1st Earl of Malmesbury,
and Sir George Ivison Tapps.[20][21] In 1809 the Tapps Arms public
house appeared on the heath. A few years later, in 1812, the first
official residents, retired army officer
Lewis Tregonwell

Lewis Tregonwell and his
wife, moved into their new home built on land purchased from Tapps.
The area was well known to Tregonwell who, during the Napoleonic wars,
spent much of his time searching the heath and coastline for French
invaders and smugglers.[22]
Anticipating that people would come to the area to indulge in the
newly fashionable pastime of sea-bathing, an activity with perceived
health benefits, Tregonwell built a series of villas on his land
between 1816 and 1822, which he hoped to let out.[23][24] The common
belief that pine-scented air was good for lung conditions, and in
particular tuberculosis, prompted Tregonwell and Tapps to plant
hundreds of pine trees. These early attempts to promote the town as a
health resort meant that by the time Tregonwell had died in 1832,
Bournemouth

Bournemouth had grown into a small community with a scattering of
houses, villas and cottages.[23][25] The town would ultimately grow up
around the scattered pines and tree-lined walk to the beach, later to
become known as the Invalids' Walk.[26][27]
After the death of Tapps in 1835, his son Sir George William
Tapps-Gervis inherited his father's estate. He hired the young local
architect
Benjamin Ferrey

Benjamin Ferrey to develop the coastal area on the east side
of the stream.[28] Bournemouth's first hotel, later to become part of
the Royal Bath Hotel, opened in 1838 and is one of the few buildings
designed by Ferrey still standing.[25][28]
Bournemouth

Bournemouth started to grow
at a faster rate as Tapps-Gervis began developing the area similarly
to the south coast resorts of Weymouth and Brighton. Despite enormous
investment, the town's share of the market remained modest.[26] In
1841 Tapps-Gervis invited the physician and writer Augustus Granville
to stay. Granville was the author of The Spas of England, which
described health resorts around the country, and as a result of his
visit he included a chapter on
Bournemouth

Bournemouth in the second edition of
his book. The publication of the book, and the increase in visitors
seeking the medicinal use of seawater and the pine-scented air, helped
the town to grow and establish itself as an early tourist
destination.[29][30]
Photochrom

Photochrom of the entrance to the pier, 1890s
In the 1840s
Benjamin Ferrey

Benjamin Ferrey was replaced by Decimus Burton, whose
plans for
Bournemouth

Bournemouth included the construction of a garden alongside
the Bourne stream, an idea first mooted by Granville. The fields south
of the road crossing (later
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Square) were drained and laid
out with shrubberies and walks. Many of these paths, including the
Invalids' Walk, remain in the town today.[30][31] A second suggestion
of Granville's, a sanatorium, was completed in 1855 and greatly raised
Bournemouth's profile as a place for recuperation.[32]
At a time when the most convenient way to arrive in the town was by
sea, a pier was considered to be a necessity.
Holdenhurst

Holdenhurst Parish
Council was reluctant to find the money, and an attempt to raise funds
privately in 1847 had only succeeded in financing a small 100 feet
(30 m) jetty.[33] The
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Improvement Act of 1856 granted
greater financial autonomy to the town and a pier was approved that
year. A number of wooden structures were built before an 838 feet
(255 m) cast iron design by
Eugenius Birch
_(October_2012).jpg/440px-Eastbourne_Pier,_Grand_Parade,_Eastbourne_(NHLE_Code_1353116)_(October_2012).jpg)
Eugenius Birch was completed in
1880.[33][34] Under the Act, a board of 13 Commissioners was
established to build and organise the expanding infrastructure of the
town, such as paving, sewers, drainage, street lighting and street
cleaning.[35]
The arrival of the railways in 1870 precipitated a massive growth in
seaside and summer visitors to the town, especially from the Midlands
and London. In 1880 the town had a population of 17,000, but by 1900,
when railway connections to
Bournemouth

Bournemouth were at their most developed,
the town's population had risen to 60,000 and it had become a
favourite location for visiting artists and writers.[23] The town was
improved greatly during this period through the efforts of Sir Merton
Russell-Cotes, the town's mayor and a local philanthropist, who helped
to establish the town's first library and museum. The Russell-Cotes
Art Gallery & Museum was housed in his mansion, and after his
death it was given to the town.[36]
Bournemouth

Bournemouth became a municipal
borough in 1890 and a county borough in 1900.[35]
As Bournemouth's growth increased in the early 20th century, the town
centre spawned theatres, cafés, two art deco cinemas and more hotels.
Other new buildings included the war memorial in 1921 and the
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Pavilion, the town's concert hall and grand theatre,
finished in 1925.
The town escaped heavy bombing during the Second World War, but the
sea front incurred great damage when it was fortified against
invasion.[37] The cast iron lampposts and benches along the front were
removed and melted down for munitions, as was much of the
superstructure from both
Bournemouth

Bournemouth and
Boscombe

Boscombe piers before they
were breached to prevent their use by enemy ships.[37] The large
amounts of barbed wire and anti-tank obstacles along the beach, and
the mines at the foot of the chines, took two years to remove when
peace was finally achieved.[38]
The Waterfront Cinema and Leisure Complex. (Now demolished)
The
Royal National Lifeboat Institution

Royal National Lifeboat Institution stationed an inshore lifeboat
at
Bournemouth

Bournemouth between 1965 and 1972. Coverage for the area has
otherwise been provided from
Poole

Poole Lifeboat Station.[39] The
Bournemouth International Centre

Bournemouth International Centre (BIC), a large conference and
exhibition centre, was constructed near the seafront in 1984,[40] and
in the following year
Bournemouth

Bournemouth became the first town in the United
Kingdom to introduce and use CCTV cameras for public street-based
surveillance.[25]
In 1993, the IRA orchestrated a terrorist attack in the town centre.
The only injuries sustained were minor ones but over £1 million in
damage was caused.[41]
The Waterfront complex, which was intended to hold an IMAX cinema, was
constructed on the seafront in 1998.[42] The 19-metre-high (62-foot)
concrete and smoked glass building featured a wavy roof design, but
was despised by residents and visitors alike because it blocked views
of the bay and the Isle of Purbeck.[42][43] In 2005 it was voted the
most hated building in
England

England in a 10,000-person poll conducted by
the
Channel 4

Channel 4 programme Demolition, and was pulled down in spring
2013.[42][44] The site is to be used as an outdoor event arena. The
council still plan a larger redevelopment of the site and adjoining
council land in the long term.
In 2012
Bournemouth

Bournemouth was unsuccessful in its bid for city status,
losing out to
Chelmsford

Chelmsford in competition with 26 other towns to
commemorate Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee.[45]
Governance[edit]
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Town Hall was built in the Victorian period, originally
serving as a hotel for visitors to the town.
Historically
Bournemouth

Bournemouth was part of Hampshire, with neighbouring
Poole, just to the west of the border, in Dorset. At the time of the
1974 local government re-organisation, it was considered desirable
that the whole of the Poole/
Bournemouth

Bournemouth urban area should be part of
the same county.
Bournemouth

Bournemouth therefore became part of the
non-metropolitan county of
Dorset

Dorset on 1 April 1974.[35] On 1 April
1997,
Bournemouth

Bournemouth became a unitary authority, independent from Dorset
County Council.[46] For the purposes of the Lieutenancy it remains
part of the ceremonial county of Dorset.
For local elections the district is divided into 18 wards,[47] and the
Bournemouth Borough Council

Bournemouth Borough Council is elected every four years.[48] In the
2011 local elections the Conservatives held overall control, winning
45 of the available 51 seats.[49] The Council elects a mayor and
deputy mayor annually.[50] For 2014–15 the mayor was Chris
Mayne.[51]
Bournemouth

Bournemouth is represented by two parliamentary constituencies in the
House of Commons;
Bournemouth

Bournemouth East and
Bournemouth

Bournemouth West.[52] In the
2010 general election, the former was held for the Conservatives by
Tobias Elwood with 48.4% of the vote, while the latter was also held
for the Conservatives by Connor Burns with 45.1%.[53][54]
Geography[edit]
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Beach and
Boscombe

Boscombe Pier
Bournemouth

Bournemouth is about 94 miles (151 km) southwest of London.[55]
The borough borders the neighbouring boroughs of
Poole

Poole and
Christchurch to the west and east respectively and the East Dorset
District to the north.
Poole

Poole Bay lies to the South.[56][57] The River
Stour forms a natural boundary to the north and east, terminating at
Christchurch Harbour;[57][58] while the River Bourne rises in Poole
and flows through the middle of
Bournemouth

Bournemouth town centre, into the
English Channel.[59] The towns of Poole,
Bournemouth

Bournemouth and Christchurch
form the South East
Dorset

Dorset conurbation with a combined population of
over 400,000.
Bournemouth

Bournemouth is both a retail and commercial centre.[60]
Areas within
Bournemouth

Bournemouth include: Boscombe, Kinson, Southbourne,
Springbourne, Throop, Westbourne and Winton.[61]
The area's geology has little variety, comprising almost entirely of
Eocene
.JPG/440px-Crassostrea_gigantissima_(Finch,_1824).JPG)
Eocene clays which, prior to urbanisation, supported a heathland
environment.[62][63] Patches of the original heath still remain,
notably Turbary Common, a 36-hectare (89-acre) site, much of which is
designated a Site of
Special

Special Scientific Interest.[64] This heathland
habitat is home to all six species of native reptile, the Dartford
warbler and some important flora such as sundew and bog asphodel.
Small populations of
Exmoor pony

Exmoor pony and Shetland cattle help to maintain
the area.[65]
Bournemouth

Bournemouth is directly north of Old Harry Rocks, the
easternmost end of the Jurassic Coast, 96 miles (155 km) of
coastline designated a
World Heritage Site

World Heritage Site in 2001.[66] Bournemouth's
own coastline stretches from Sandbanks to
Christchurch Harbour

Christchurch Harbour and
comprises mainly sandy beaches backed by gravel and sandy clay cliffs.
These cliffs are cut by a number of chines which provide natural
access to the shore.[67] At the easternmost point lies Hengistbury
Head, a narrow peninsula that forms the southern shore of Christchurch
Harbour. It is a local nature reserve and the site of a Bronze Age
settlement.[68][69]
Climate[edit]
Like all of the UK,
Bournemouth

Bournemouth has a temperate oceanic climate with
moderate variation in annual and daily temperatures, mild summers, and
cool winters. From 1981 to 2010 the annual mean temperature was 10 to
11 °C (50 to 52 °F).[70] The warmest months are July and
August, which have an average temperature range of 12 to 22 °C
(54 to 72 °F), while the coolest months are January and
February, which have an average temperature range of 1 to 8 °C
(34 to 46 °F).[71] Average rainfall in
Bournemouth

Bournemouth is around
800 mm (31 in) annually, well below the national average of
1,126 millimetres. It records both higher and lower temperatures than
would be expected for its coastal location.[72] Since 1960,
temperature extremes as measured at
Bournemouth

Bournemouth
Hurn

Hurn Airport have
ranged from 34.1 °C (93.4 °F) in August 1990,[73] down to
−13.4 °C (7.9 °F) in January 1963.[74] The lowest
temperature recorded in recent years was −10.4 °C
(13.3 °F) in December 2010.[75]
Climate data for
Bournemouth

Bournemouth
Hurn

Hurn 10 metres (33 feet) asl,
1981–2010,[Note 1] Extremes 1960–
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
14.7
(58.5)
15.3
(59.5)
21.0
(69.8)
25.0
(77)
27.6
(81.7)
33.8
(92.8)
33.9
(93)
34.1
(93.4)
27.9
(82.2)
25.2
(77.4)
17.6
(63.7)
16.0
(60.8)
34.1
(93.4)
Average high °C (°F)
8.4
(47.1)
8.5
(47.3)
11.0
(51.8)
13.5
(56.3)
17.0
(62.6)
19.8
(67.6)
22.1
(71.8)
22.0
(71.6)
19.3
(66.7)
15.3
(59.5)
11.5
(52.7)
8.7
(47.7)
14.76
(58.56)
Average low °C (°F)
1.5
(34.7)
1.2
(34.2)
2.7
(36.9)
3.8
(38.8)
7.2
(45)
9.8
(49.6)
11.9
(53.4)
11.6
(52.9)
9.4
(48.9)
7.1
(44.8)
3.7
(38.7)
1.6
(34.9)
5.96
(42.73)
Record low °C (°F)
−13.4
(7.9)
−10.9
(12.4)
−10.2
(13.6)
−5.7
(21.7)
−3.6
(25.5)
0.4
(32.7)
2.6
(36.7)
2.1
(35.8)
−1.4
(29.5)
−6.4
(20.5)
−9.6
(14.7)
−10.5
(13.1)
−13.4
(7.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches)
86.9
(3.421)
62.5
(2.461)
64.7
(2.547)
53.9
(2.122)
49.5
(1.949)
51.6
(2.031)
47.8
(1.882)
51.8
(2.039)
65.3
(2.571)
100.7
(3.965)
100.5
(3.957)
100.0
(3.937)
835.2
(32.882)
Average rainy days
12.8
9.6
10.8
9.1
8.8
7.7
7.9
7.3
9.0
12.6
12.5
12.3
120.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours
66.5
84.5
121.4
185.1
218.5
229.5
232.0
214.6
159.1
115.2
80.1
60.3
1,766.8
Source: Met Office[71]
[citation needed]
Average sea temperature[76]
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
9.6 °C (49.3 °F)
9.1 °C (48.4 °F)
8.7 °C (47.7 °F)
9.9 °C (49.8 °F)
11.4 °C (52.5 °F)
13.4 °C (56.1 °F)
15.2 °C (59.4 °F)
16.6 °C (61.9 °F)
17.3 °C (63.1 °F)
16.2 °C (61.2 °F)
14.3 °C (57.7 °F)
11.8 °C (53.2 °F)
12.8 °C (55.0 °F)
Green belt[edit]
Main article: South West Hampshire/South East
Dorset

Dorset Green Belt
Bournemouth

Bournemouth lies at the centre of a green belt region that extends
into the wider surrounding counties. It is in place to reduce urban
sprawl, prevent the towns in the South East
Dorset

Dorset conurbation from
further convergence, protect the identity of outlying communities, and
preserve nearby countryside. This is achieved by restricting
inappropriate development within the designated areas, and imposing
stricter conditions on permitted building.[77]
Bournemouth

Bournemouth has small areas of green belt within its district to the
north and east, mostly along the fringes of the shared border with the
Christchurch and East
Dorset

Dorset districts. These cover landscape features
and greenfield facilities including the River Stour, Stour Valley Way,
Millhams Mead and Stour Valley nature reserves and arboretum,
Hengistbury Head, and the small communities of Throop and
Holdenhurst.[77]
Demography[edit]
Religious demography[78]
Religion
% Population
Religion
% Population
Religion
% Population
Christian
57.1
Buddhist
0.7
Hindu
0.7
Jewish
0.7
Muslim
1.8
Sikh
0.1
Other religion
0.7
No religion
30.5
Not stated
7.8
The 2011 census records the population of
Bournemouth

Bournemouth as 183,491,
comprising 91,386 males and 92,105 females, which equates to 49.8% and
50.2% of the population respectively.[79][80] The mean average age of
all persons is 40 years.[81] With 4,000 residents per square
kilometre,
Bournemouth

Bournemouth has the highest population density of any
authority in the South-West region, and is the eighth most
populated.[82]
Much of the population, 83.8%, describe their ethnicity as 'white
British' while other white groups account for a further 8.1%. Asian
groups; Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese and other Asian, make
up 3.9%. Black British, black African, black Caribbean and other black
groups form 1.0% of the population, Those of a mixed race make up 2.3%
of the population, and 0.9% are from other ethnic groups.[83]
Christians made up 57.1% of the population but 30% of residents said
they had no religion and 7.8% declined to say whether they were
religious or not. Muslims were 1.8%, Buddhists, Hindus and Jews each
had a 0.7% share, Sikhs were 0.1%. and other religions made up
0.7%.[78]
Of all
Bournemouth

Bournemouth residents aged 16 or over, 19.1% had no
qualifications at all, although 35% said they had between one and four
O-levels, CSEs, GCSEs or equivalent, and 36.5% have more than five
O-level

O-level equivalents (grade C and above), an
A-level

A-level or two to three
AS-levels. Those with an
NVQ level 1 comprise 8.0% of the population
while 15.2% have a level 2 NVQ, a
City and Guilds

City and Guilds craft certificate,
BTEC or general diploma. Just over 20% of residents had two or more
A-levels, four or more AS-Levels or an advanced diploma while 15.8%
possessed a degree, such as a BA or BSc or a higher degree such as an
MA or PhD. An
NVQ level 4 or 5, HNC, HND, higher BTEC or higher
diploma, is held by 4.2% and a professional qualification is held by
13.9% of residents. An apprenticeship has been completed by 6.3% of
the population while 16.9% have some other work related or vocational
qualification and 8.3% hold a foreign qualification.[84]
Historical population of Bournemouth
Year
Population
Year
Population
Year
Population
1801
726
1871
13,160
1941
128,099
1811
738
1881
18,725
1951
144,531
1821
877
1891
34,098
1961
149,106
1831
1,104
1901
52,981
1971
153,906
1841
1,605
1911
82,424
1981
140,216
1851
2,029
1921
96,741
1991
158,711
1861
7,594
1931
113,557
2001
163,441
Historical population figures are for an area that equates to the
modern Unitary Authority of Bournemouth[85]
Source: GIS / University of Portsmouth, A Vision of Britain through
Time.[86]
Historically
Bournemouth

Bournemouth has suffered from negative rates of natural
increase and has relied on immigration to maintain population growth.
In 2007 however, births exceeded deaths for the first time, and this
trend has continued through to 2011. This, coupled with a substantial
increase in people moving into the area, has led to a sharp rise in
the resident population since 2001.[82][87] Of the total population,
3.3% are 85 or over, compared to 2.2% nationally; however the largest
group of people moving into the area are students in the 16-24-year
age group, and 9% of the current population are between 20 and 24. In
England

England this age group accounts for only 7%.[87]
Economy[edit]
Financial Services are crucial to the town's economy and Unisys was a
major employer in the industry.
Similarly to the rest of Dorset, Bournemouth's economy is primarily in
the service sector, which employed 95% of the workforce in 2010.[88]
This was 10% higher than the average employment in the service sector
for Great Britain and 11% higher than the South West.[88] Of
particular importance are the financial and public service sectors
which through 2011 continued to show sustained growth. Compared to the
rest of the country,
Bournemouth

Bournemouth performed well in these two areas but
under performed in transport and communications.[89]
The smallest geographical region for which Gross Value Added
information is available is the
NUTS3

NUTS3 area,
Bournemouth

Bournemouth and Poole. The
latest figures, as of 2012[update], are for the year 2009 which showed
that the
Bournemouth

Bournemouth and
Poole

Poole area enjoyed the strongest annualised
growth in the South-West region.[90][91] In 2009 the South West
Regional Accounts showed that the Financial Services sector in
Bournemouth

Bournemouth was worth £1,031.8 million in Gross Value Added.
Important employers in this sector include: JPMorgan, Nationwide
Building Society, and the Liverpool Victoria, Tata Consultancy
Services (formerly Unisys), and RIAS insurance companies.[91] The
manufacturing sector is predominantly based in neighbouring Poole, but
still employed 2% of the workforce in 2010 and 2.6% in
2011.[88][92][Note 2]
Tourism is also important to the local economy. In 2011, domestic and
overseas visitors made more than 5.6 million trips to the town and
spent over £460 million between them. The equivalent of 8,531
full-time jobs exist as a result which accounts for 15% of all
employment in the town.[93]
Bournemouth

Bournemouth seafront is one of the UK's
biggest attractions with 4.5 million visitors in 2011.[94] RNLI
lifeguards provide seasonal coverage of Bournemouth's beaches.[95]
With a third of all town centre businesses in the leisure industry,
Bournemouth

Bournemouth has a booming nightlife economy and is a popular
destination for stag and hen parties.[96][97] These party-goers
contribute £125 million a year to the economy and support 4,000 jobs.
In 2010 the town was awarded a Purple Flag for providing a wide
variety of night-time activities while maintaining the safety of both
residents and visitors.[97] An independent report published in 2012
indicates there has been a rise in antisocial behaviour which it
attributes to the increase in nightlife.[96]
Those of working age make up approximately 65% of Bournemouth's
population and of these, 74.6% are economically active although not
necessarily employed within the
Bournemouth

Bournemouth area.[91] Industry in
Bournemouth

Bournemouth employed more than 76,400 people in 2011 but not all of
these were
Bournemouth

Bournemouth residents.[92] Of those employed in Bournemouth
based industries, 29.32% were employed in the public administration,
education and health sector. This compares favourably with Dorset, the
South-West region, and the country as a whole, as do the other large
sectors; distribution, hotels & restaurants (29.06%), and banking,
finance and insurance (24.48%). 37.2% of Bournemouth's resident
population are employed full-time while 13.3% are employed part-time.
An additional 7.1% full-time workers are self-employed, 3.1% are
self-employed part-time. Full-time students with jobs account for 5.3%
and 3.8% are unemployed.[98]
The shopping streets are mostly pedestrianised with modern shopping
malls, Victorian arcades and a large selection of bars, clubs and
cafés. North of the centre there is an out-of-town shopping complex
called Castlepoint. The 41 acre site has 40 units and was the largest
shopping centre in the UK when it opened it 2003.[99] Other major
shopping areas are situated in the districts of Westbourne and
Boscombe.
Employment by sector (2011)[92]
Agriculture & Fishing
Energy & Water
Manufacturing
Construction
Distribution, Hotels & Restaurants
Transport & Communication
Banking, Finance & Insurance
Public admin, Education & Health
Other Industry
Bournemouth
0.00%*
0.52%
2.62%
3.14%
29.06%
6.28%
24.48%
29.32%
4.58%
Dorset
0.38%*
1.14%
11.16%
6.66%
27.58%
5.20%
13.51%
29.55%
4.82%
South West region
2.91%
1.25%
9.20%
4.92%
25.12%
7.16%
18.20%
27.25%
4.01%
England

England & Wales
1.55%
1.12%
8.59%
4.72%
22.96%
8.51%
21.40%
26.56%
4.59%
*Figures exclude farm agriculture
Culture[edit]
Bournemouth International Centre

Bournemouth International Centre (BIC) is a national conference and
music venue in the town.
Bournemouth Pier

Bournemouth Pier including the Pier Theatre
Bournemouth

Bournemouth is a tourist and regional centre for leisure,
entertainment, culture and recreation. Local author and former mayor,
Keith Rawlings, suggests that
Bournemouth

Bournemouth has a thriving youth culture
due to its large university population and many language school
students.[100][101] In recent years,
Bournemouth

Bournemouth has become a popular
nightlife destination with UK visitors and many clubs, bars and
restaurants are located within the town centre.[101][102] In a 2007
survey by First Direct,
Bournemouth

Bournemouth was found to be the happiest place
in the UK, with 82% of people questioned saying they were happy with
their lives.[103]
Major venues for concerts include BIC, Pavilion Theatre and O2
Academy.[104] Built in 1984, the BIC is also a popular place for party
political conferences and has been used by all three major political
parties.[105] Its four auditoria make it the largest venue on the
south coast.[106] The O2 and Pavilion are older and are both Grade II
listed buildings. The O2, which opened in 1895 as the Grand Pavilion
Theatre, was initially used as a circus and later for music hall
theatre. The Pavilion opened in 1929 as concert hall and tea room
while also providing a venue for the municipal orchestra. It continues
to provide traditional entertainment today, presenting West End stage
shows, ballet and operas.[107][108][109]
Bournemouth

Bournemouth has more than 200
listed buildings, mainly from the Victorian and Edwardian eras,
including three grade I churches; St Peter's, St Clement's and St
Stephen's.[109]
The
Russell-Cotes Museum

Russell-Cotes Museum is a Grade II* listed, villa completed in
1901. It houses artefacts and paintings collected by the Victorian
philanthropist
Merton Russell-Cotes

Merton Russell-Cotes and his wife during their
extensive travels around the world.[110] The four art galleries
display paintings by William Powell Frith, Edwin Landseer, Edwin Long,
William Orchardson, Arthur Hughes, Albert Moore and Dante Gabriel
Rossetti.[111] It was Russell-Cotes who successfully campaigned to
have a promenade built; it runs continuously along the
Bournemouth

Bournemouth and
Poole

Poole shoreline.[112]
The Lower, Central and Upper Gardens are Grade II* public parks,
leading for several miles down the valley of the River Bourne through
the centre of the town to the sea.[113]
Bournemouth

Bournemouth has a further 425
acres (172 ha) of parkland. Initially serving to compensate for
the loss of common rights after common land was enclosed in 1802, it
was held in trust until 1889 when ownership passed to Bournemouth
Corporation and the land became five public parks: King's Park,
Queen's Park, Meyrick Park, Seafield Gardens and Redhill
Common.[7][114]
The detailed Land Use Survey by the
Office for National Statistics

Office for National Statistics in
2005 noted that the local authority area of
Bournemouth

Bournemouth had the third
highest proportion of land taken up by domestic gardens, 34.6%, of the
326 districts in England; narrowly less than the London Boroughs of
Harrow and Sutton at the time with 34.7% and 35.1%.[115]
One of Bournemouth's most noted cultural institutions is Bournemouth
Symphony Orchestra which was formed in 1893 under Dan
Godfrey.[116][117] It became the first municipal orchestra in the
country when in 1896,
Bournemouth Borough Council

Bournemouth Borough Council took control and
Godfrey was appointed musical director and head of the town's
entertainments.[116][118] Originally playing three concerts a day
during the summer season, in the great glass palm house known as the
Winter Gardens;[117][119] the orchestra is now based in
Poole

Poole and
performs around 130 concerts a year across Southern England.[120]
Bournemouth

Bournemouth is currently host to a number of festivals. Bournemouth
Food and Drink Festival is a ten-day event which combines a market
with live cookery demonstrations.[121] The Arts by the Sea Festival is
a mix of dance, film, theatre, literature, and music[122] which was
launched in 2012 by the local university, the Arts University
Bournemouth, and is set to become an annual event.[123] The Bourne
Free carnival is held in the town each year during the summer.
Initially a gay pride festival, it has become a celebration of
diversity and inclusion.[124] Since 2008,
Bournemouth

Bournemouth has held its own
air festival over four days in August.[125] This has featured displays
from the
Red Arrows

Red Arrows as well as appearances from the Yakovlevs, Blades,
Team Guinot Wing-Walkers,
Battle of Britain Memorial Flight

Battle of Britain Memorial Flight including
Lancaster, Hurricane, Spitfire and also the last flying Vulcan. The
festival has also seen appearances from modern aircraft such as the
Eurofighter Typhoon.[126] The air festival attracts up to a million
people over the four-day event.[127][128]
The grave of writer
Mary Shelley

Mary Shelley and her parents including Mary
Wollstonecraft in St. Peter's Church, Bournemouth.
The town was especially rich in literary associations during the late
19th century and earlier years of the 20th century.
P. C. Wren author
of Beau Geste, Frederick E. Smith, writer of the
633 Squadron

633 Squadron books,
and Beatrice Webb, later Potter, all lived in the town.[129] Paul
Verlaine taught at
Bournemouth

Bournemouth a preparatory school[130][131] and the
writer J. R. R. Tolkien, spent 30 years taking holidays in
Bournemouth, staying in the same room at the Hotel Miramar. He
eventually retired to the area in the 1960s with his wife Edith, where
they lived close to Branksome Chine. Tolkien died in September 1973 at
his home in
Bournemouth

Bournemouth but was buried in Oxfordshire. The house was
demolished in 2008.[132]
Percy Florence Shelley

Percy Florence Shelley lived at
Boscombe

Boscombe Manor; a house he had built
for his mother, Mary Shelley, the writer and author of the Gothic
horror novel, Frankenstein. Mary died before the house was completed
but she was buried in Bournemouth, in accordance with her wishes. The
family plot in St Peter's churchyard also contains her parents William
Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft, and the heart of her husband, Percy
Bysshe Shelley.[133]
Robert Louis Stevenson

Robert Louis Stevenson wrote The Strange Case of
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and most of his novel Kidnapped from his house
"Skerryvore" on the west cliff, Westbourne.[134] Vladimir Chertkov
established a Tolstoyan publishing house with other Russian exiles at
Tuckton, and under the 'Free Age Press' imprint, published the first
edition of several works by Leo Tolstoy.[129] Author Bill Bryson
worked for a time with the
Bournemouth Echo newspaper and wrote about
the town in his 1995 work Notes from a Small Island.[135]
Landmarks[edit]
St Peter's Church, completed in 1879
Bournemouth

Bournemouth has three Grade I listed churches, St Peter's and St
Stephen's in the town centre and St Clement's in Boscombe.[109] St
Peter's was the town's first church, completed in 1879 and designed by
George Edmund Street.[136] In his book, England's Thousand Best
Churches,
Simon Jenkins

Simon Jenkins describes the chancel as "one of the richest
Gothic Revival interiors in England", while the 202 feet (62 m)
spire dominates the surrounding skyline.[137][138] When the architect,
John Loughborough Pearson, designed St Stephen's his aim was to,"bring
people to their knees". It has a high stone groined roof, twin aisles
and a triforium gallery, although the tower lacks a spire.[139][140]
The Grade II listed entrance to
Boscombe

Boscombe Pier. "Britain's coolest
pier" according to fashion designer Wayne Hemingway.
The borough has two piers:
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Pier, close to the town centre,
and the shorter but architecturally more important
Boscombe

Boscombe Pier.
Designed by the architect Archibald Smith,
Boscombe

Boscombe Pier opened in
1889 as a 600 feet (180 m) structure which was extended to 750
feet (230 m) in 1927 when a new head was constructed.[141] Added
in 1958, the boomerang-shaped entrance kiosk and overhanging concrete
roof is now a Grade II listed building. In 1961 a theatre was added
but this was demolished in 2008 when the rest of the pier was
renovated.[141][142] In 2009, fashion designer Wayne Hemingway
described
Boscombe

Boscombe Pier as "Britain's coolest pier". It was also voted
Pier of the Year 2010 by the National Piers Society.[143]
In 1856,
Bournemouth Pier

Bournemouth Pier was a simple, wooden jetty. This was
replaced by a longer, wooden pier five years later, and a cast iron
structure in 1880.[34] Two extensions to the pier in 1894 and 1905,
brought the total length to 305 metres (1,001 feet). After World War
II, the structure was strengthened to allow for the addition of a Pier
Theatre, finally constructed in 1960. Between 1979 and 1981, a £1.7
million redevelopment programme, saw a great deal of reconstruction
work, and the addition of a large two-storey, octagonal-shaped
entrance building.[34]
Built as the Mont Dore Hotel in 1881,
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Town Hall was
designated a Grade II listed building in 2001. Designed by Alfred
Bedborough in the French, Italian and neo-classical styles, the
foundation stone was laid by King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway and
the hotel opened in 1885.[144][145][146] The buff brick exterior
features Bath stone dressings and terracotta friezes. The main
entrance is sited within a projected façade that reaches to the eaves
and is topped with a pediment, while above sits a belvedere with
turrets and a pavilion roof.[145] During the First World War the hotel
was used as a hospital for British and Indian soldiers and after as a
convalescent home. It never opened as a hotel again and was purchased
by
Bournemouth Borough Council

Bournemouth Borough Council in 1919.[147]
Built in the
Art Deco

Art Deco style in 1929, situated close to the seafront,
the Pavilion Theatre was at the time considered to be the greatest
ever municipal enterprise for the benefit of entertainment.[148] Built
from brick and stone, the frontage features square Corinthian
columns.[144] Still a popular venue, it is today a Grade II listed
building.[148]
The
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Eye was a helium-filled balloon attached to a steel
cable in the town's lower gardens. The spherical balloon was 69 metres
(226 feet) in circumference and carried an enclosed, steel gondola.
Rising to a height of 150 metres (490 feet), it provided a panoramic
view of the surrounding area for up to 28 passengers.[149] [150] After
the balloon suffered damage in 2016, the
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Borough Council,
Lower Central Gardens Trust and S&D Leisure announced in 2017 that
the contract for operating the
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Eye would not be renewed
due to "increased operating costs." [151]
Sport[edit]
The town has a professional football club, AFC Bournemouth, known as
the Cherries, which was promoted to the Championship in 2013 and
Premier League

Premier League in 2015.[152]
AFC Bournemouth
.svg/340px-AFC_Bournemouth_(2013).svg.png)
AFC Bournemouth play at
Dean Court

Dean Court near
Boscombe

Boscombe in Kings' Park, 2 miles (3 km) east of the town
centre.[153]
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Rugby Club, which competes in the National League Division
Two South, has its home at the
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Sports Club, next to
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Airport, where it hosts an annual
Rugby sevens

Rugby sevens tournament
and festival.[154][155][156] Oakmeadians RFC is the oldest RFU
Accredited Rugby Club in Bournemouth, established in 1963.They train
and play at Meyrick Park competing in the South West Division.
[157]
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Cricket Club also plays at
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Sports Club
and is reported to be one of the biggest cricket clubs in the country.
Its first team plays in the Southern Premier League.[158] Dean Park is
a former county cricket ground, once home to
Hampshire

Hampshire County Cricket
Club and later
Dorset

Dorset County Cricket Club. Today it is a venue for
university cricket.[159]
The BIC has become a venue for a round of the
Premier League

Premier League Darts
Championship organised by the Professional Darts Corporation.[160]
The
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Rowing Club, is the town's coastal rowing club.
Established in 1865 as Westover and
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Rowing Club, it is
reported to be the oldest sporting association in the county. The club
regularly competes in regattas organised by the Hants and Dorset
Amateur Rowing Association which take place on the South Coast of
England

England between May and September.[161]
Other watersports popular in
Poole

Poole Bay include sailing and surfing,
and there are a number of local schools for the beginner to learn
either sport.[162]
Bournemouth

Bournemouth has the third largest community of
surfers in the UK and in 2009 an artificial surf reef, one of only
four in the world, was constructed there.[163] The reef failed to
deliver the promised grade 5 wave, suffered a series of delays and ran
over budget, finally costing £3.2 million.[164][165]
AFC Bournemouth's Dean Court
Transport[edit]
See also: History of transport in Bournemouth
Road[edit]
The principal route to the town centre is the A338 spur road, a dual
carriageway that connects to the A31 close to the
Hampshire

Hampshire border.
The A31 joins the M27 at
Southampton

Southampton and from there the M3 to London
and the A34 to the Midlands and the North can be accessed.[166] The
main road west is the A35 to
Honiton

Honiton in
Devon

Devon which runs through the
South East
Dorset

Dorset Conurbation and continues east as far as
Southampton, albeit as a non-primary route.[167][168] The A350 in the
neighbouring borough of
Poole

Poole provides the only northern route out of
the conurbation.[169] National Express coaches serve Bournemouth
Travel Interchange &
Bournemouth

Bournemouth University. There are frequent
departures to London
Victoria Coach Station

Victoria Coach Station and Heathrow and Gatwick
Airports.[170][171] Local buses are provided mainly by two companies,
Wilts & Dorset, the former National Bus Company subsidiary and now
owned by the Go-Ahead Group, and Yellow Buses, the former Bournemouth
Council-owned company and successors to
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Corporation
Transport, which began operating trams in 1902.[171][172] Other
operators serving the town include
Damory Coaches

Damory Coaches and the Shaftesbury
& District bus company.[171]
Rail[edit]
Bournemouth

Bournemouth railway station, built in 1885, with a replica Victorian
iron and glass roof.
There are two stations in the town,
Bournemouth railway station

Bournemouth railway station and
Pokesdown
_-_geograph.org.uk_-_135731.jpg/480px-Christchurch_Road,_Boscombe_(1)_-_geograph.org.uk_-_135731.jpg)
Pokesdown railway station to the east.[173] Parts of western
Bournemouth

Bournemouth can also be reached from Branksome station. All three
stations lie on the
South Western Main Line

South Western Main Line from Weymouth to London
Waterloo.[174] South Western Railway operates a comprehensive service
along this line, which also serves Southampton, Winchester and
Basingstoke to the east, and Poole, Wareham, and Dorchester South to
the west.[174][175] Before its closure in 1966,
Bournemouth

Bournemouth was also
served by the
Somerset

Somerset and
Dorset

Dorset Joint Railway which provided direct
access to
Somerset

Somerset and the Midlands.[176]
Air[edit]
Originally an RAF airfield,
Bournemouth Airport

Bournemouth Airport was transferred to the
Civil Aviation Authority in 1944 and was the UK's only
intercontinental airport before the opening of
Heathrow Airport

Heathrow Airport in
1946.[177] Acquired by the
Manchester Airports Group

Manchester Airports Group in 2001, the
airport underwent a £45 million phased expansion programme between
2007 and 2011.[178][179] Situated near the village of
Hurn

Hurn in
Christchurch, Dorset, the airport is 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from
Bournemouth

Bournemouth town centre and serves around 600,000 passengers
annually.[180] There are direct flights to 23 international
destinations in nine countries: Cyprus, Finland,
Greece

Greece (3
destinations),
Italy

Italy (4), Malta, Portugal,
Spain

Spain (10),
Switzerland

Switzerland and
Turkey.[181]
Education[edit]
Main article: List of schools in Bournemouth
Bournemouth

Bournemouth and
Poole

Poole College Lansdowne Campus.
The
Bournemouth

Bournemouth local education authority was first set up in 1903 and
remained in existence until local government was reorganised in 1974
when
Bournemouth

Bournemouth lost its
County Borough

County Borough status and became part of the
county of Dorset. Under the later reforms of 1997,
Bournemouth

Bournemouth became
a unitary authority and the
Bournemouth

Bournemouth local education authority was
re-established.[182][183]
The local council operates a two-tier comprehensive system whereby
pupils attend one of the 26 primary schools in the borough before
completing their education at secondary school.[184]
Bournemouth

Bournemouth is
one of the minority of local authorities in
England

England still to maintain
selective education, with two grammar schools (one for boys, one for
girls) and ten secondary modern/comprehensive schools.[185] There are
also a small number of independent schools in the town, and a further
education college.[186]
Bournemouth

Bournemouth has two universities: Bournemouth
University and Arts University Bournemouth, both of which are located
across the boundary in neighbouring Poole.[187] They are also home to
AECC University College[188][189] (formally known as Anglo European
College of Chiropractic[190]), which is located on Parkwood Road in
Bournemouth. In 2012, 60.7% of the borough's school leavers gained 5
GCSEs of grade C or above. This was slightly better than the national
average of 59.4% and above the average for the rest of Dorset, with
58.8% of pupils from the local authority of Poole, and 54.1% from the
remainder of the county, managing to do likewise.[191]
Religion[edit]
St Stephen's Church, Bournemouth, built in 1898
The 2011 census revealed that 57.1% of the borough's population are
Christian. With all other religions combined only totalling 4.7%,
Christianity is by far the largest religious group.[78] 40% of the
borough falls within the Church of
England

England Diocese of Salisbury.[192]
The remainder, to the east, belongs to the Diocese of Winchester.[193]
The
Roman Catholic Diocese of Portsmouth

Roman Catholic Diocese of Portsmouth incorporates most of
Bournemouth

Bournemouth with the exception of two small parishes to the west which
are covered by the Diocese of Plymouth.[194][195]
The borough has several notable examples of Victorian church
architecture[109] including the previously mentioned St. Peter's, the
churchyard of which contains the grave of the author Mary
Shelley;[196] St Stephen's Church, completed in 1898 for services
under the influence of the Oxford Movement[138][197] and St Clement's,
one of the first churches to be designed by John Dando Sedding, built
in
Boscombe

Boscombe in 1871.[198] To serve a rapidly expanding population a
third church was built in the town centre in 1891. St Augustin's
church was commissioned by
Henry Twells

Henry Twells who was 'priest-in-charge'
there until 1900.[199][200] The largest church in the town is the
Richmond Hill St Andrew's Church, part of the United Reformed Church.
Built in 1865 and enlarged in 1891, it has a seating capacity of 1,100
and is unusually ornate for a non-conformist church.[201][202]
The
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Hebrew Congregation
Few purpose-built places of worship exist in the borough for faiths
other than Christianity, although with a higher proportion of Jewish
residents than the national average, there are three synagogues.[203]
Chabad-Lubavitch

Chabad-Lubavitch of
Bournemouth

Bournemouth is a branch of the worldwide movement.
The
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Reform Synagogue, formerly known as
Bournemouth

Bournemouth New
Synagogue, is a
Reform Jewish

Reform Jewish synagogue with over 700
members.[204][205] There is also the architecturally notable
Bournemouth Hebrew Congregation

Bournemouth Hebrew Congregation synagogue built in 1911 with an Art
Nouveau take on the
Moorish Revival

Moorish Revival style.[206] There are also two
Christadelphian

Christadelphian meeting halls in the town.[207]
The
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Islamic Centre provides information, support and a
place of worship for the Islamic community. There is also a separate
mosque in the town.[208]
Naming conventions[edit]
The word 'Bournemouth' is often used loosely to describe the South
East
Dorset

Dorset conurbation, which also contains the neighbouring towns of
Poole, Christchurch, Wimborne Minster, and Verwood.[60] As a result,
"Bournemouth" is used in the following terms:
Although it has a significant presence in
Bournemouth

Bournemouth town centre,
Bournemouth

Bournemouth University's main campus is located in Poole, on the
boundary with Bournemouth.[209]
Bournemouth Airport

Bournemouth Airport is located near
Hurn

Hurn in the borough of
Christchurch, and was originally named RAF Hurn.[210]
"
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Bay" is sometimes used for
Poole

Poole Bay[211]
The
Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra

Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra is now based in Poole.[212]
Notable people[edit]
Main article: List of people from Bournemouth
A number of (subsequently) famous people came from Bournemouth. Tony
Hancock [213] [214] lived for most of his early life in hotels in
Bournemouth

Bournemouth run by his parents.
A number of TV actors came from Bournemouth, including Juliette Kaplan
[215] from the
BBC

BBC comedy Last of the Summer Wine,
Ray Lonnen [216]
from the series
The Sandbaggers

The Sandbaggers (1978–80), Alison Newman, actress
who played
Hazel Bailey [217] in Footballers' Wives and DI Samantha
Keeble [218] in EastEnders.
Jack Donnelly (born 1985) actor, played
the role of Jason [219] in the
BBC

BBC series Atlantis and Sophie Rundle
(born 1988) actress, portrayed Ada Shelby [220] in the
BBC

BBC One series
Peaky Blinders and Ben Hardy (born 1991) actor, played Peter Beale
[221] in the
BBC

BBC soap opera EastEnders.
Authors
Radclyffe Hall

Radclyffe Hall (1880–1943) [222] poet and author, who wrote
The Well of Loneliness

The Well of Loneliness a groundbreaking work in lesbian literature
came from
Bournemouth

Bournemouth and
Dilys Powell

Dilys Powell CBE (1901–1995) [223]
journalist, film critic of The Sunday Times for over fifty years went
to school there.
Patrick Ensor (1946–2007) [224] editor of Guardian
Weekly from 1993 to 2007 also came from Bournemouth.
Bournemouth

Bournemouth has been home to a number of musicians, including Max
Bygraves OBE (1922–2012) [225] [226] comedian, singer, actor and
variety performer. The composer Sir
Hubert Parry

Hubert Parry (1848-1918) was born
in Bournemouth. One of Britain's most prolific composers of choral
music he is probably best known for his setting to William Blake's
words of Jerusalem.[227] The rock band
King Crimson
.jpg/533px-King_Crimson_-_Dour_Festival_2003_(01).jpg)
King Crimson included many
musicians from
Bournemouth

Bournemouth [228] including brothers Michael Giles
(drums) and Peter Giles (bass).
Bournemouth

Bournemouth has been the home of sporting world champions: Freddie
Mills (1919–1965), who won the World Light Heavyweight title in
1948. [229] [230] Another famous sportsman, the athlete Charles
Bennett (1870–1948), lived in the town after he retired. [231]
Bennett, was the first British track and field athlete to become
Olympic Champion, winning two gold medals and a silver at the Paris
Games in 1900. The tennis player and Wimbledon Championships winner
Virginia Wade OBE was born in Bournemouth.[232][233]
Three recipients of the Victoria Cross came from Bournemouth.
Frederick Charles Riggs

Frederick Charles Riggs VC MM (1888–1918), [234] Cecil Noble VC
(1891–1915), [235] and Lieutenant Colonel Derek Anthony Seagrim VC
(1903–1943), [236] [237] Three flying aces came from Bournemouth
too, Captain
Keith Muspratt MC (1897–1918), [238] Captain Robert A.
Birkbeck DFC (1898–1938), [239] and Flight Lieutenant Charles John
Sims DFC (1899–1929). [240]
And a distinguished resident of
Bournemouth

Bournemouth was Sir Donald Coleman
Bailey, OBE (1901–1985) a civil engineer who invented the Bailey
bridge. [241] Bailey was knighted in 1946 for his bridge design when
he was living quietly in Southbourne in Bournemouth.
Twin towns[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom
Bournemouth

Bournemouth is twinned with:[242]
Netanya, Israel[242][243]
Lucerne, Switzerland[242][244]
See also[edit]
Dorset

Dorset portal
List of beaches in Dorset
Coastline of the United Kingdom
Notes[edit]
^ In accordance with World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
recommendations, the
Met Office

Met Office maintains long-term averages of the UK
climate, based on standard 30-year periods. The latest 30-year period
is for 1981–2010.
^ Agriculture data is excluded from ONS figures at a sub-regional
level, therefore an estimate has been made using DEFRA 2010 data. As
there is little farming within the
Bournemouth

Bournemouth area, this has a
minimal effect.
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^ The Aerodrome website retrieved 28 September 2017
^ Website of Mabey Bridge and Shore retrieved 28 September 2017
^ a b c "
Dorset

Dorset Twinning Association List". The
Dorset

Dorset Twinning
Association. Archived from the original on 21 June 2012. Retrieved 1
August 2013.
^ "
Netanya

Netanya – Twin Cities".
Netanya

Netanya Municipality. Archived from the
original on 1 February 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
^ "Partnerstädte der Stadt Luzern". Stadt Luzern (in German).
Archived from the original on 21 June 2013. Retrieved 1 August
2013.
Bibliography[edit]
Andrews, Ian; Henson, Frank (2004). Images of
England

England – Bournemouth.
Stroud, Glos: Tempus Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-7524-3065-3.
Ashley, Harry W.; Ashley, Hugh (1990).
Bournemouth

Bournemouth 1890–1990 (a
brief history of
Bournemouth

Bournemouth over the last 100 years). Bournemouth:
Bournemouth

Bournemouth Borough Council.
Cave, Paul (1986). A History of the Resort of Bournemouth.
Southampton: Paul Cave Publications Ltd.
ISBN 0-86146-039-1.
Edwards, Elizabeth (1981). A History of Bournemouth. Chichester:
Phillimore & Co Ltd. ISBN 0-85033-412-8.
Emery, Andrew (2008). A
History of Bournemouth

History of Bournemouth Seafront. Stroud, Glos:
Tempus Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7524-4717-9.
Rawlings, Keith (2005). Just Bournemouth. Wimborne: Dovecote Press.
ISBN 1-904349-39-0.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bournemouth.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Bournemouth.
Wikisource

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article
Bournemouth.
Official
Bournemouth Borough Council

Bournemouth Borough Council information site
Tourist Information Site
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WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 134799521
LCCN: n80079