Bort, boart, or boort is an

umbrella term In linguistics, semantics, general semantics, and ontologies, hyponymy () is a semantic relation between a hyponym denoting a subtype and a hypernym or hyperonym (sometimes called umbrella term or blanket term) denoting a supertype. In othe ...

used in the

diamond Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Another solid form of carbon known as graphite is the chemically stable form of carbon at room temperature and pressure, b ...

industry to refer to shards of non-

gem A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, or semiprecious stone) is a piece of mineral crystal which, in cut and polished form, is used to make jewelry or other adornments. However, certain rocks (such as lapis lazuli, opal, an ...

-grade/quality diamonds. In the manufacturing and heavy industries, "bort" is used to describe dark, imperfectly formed or crystallized diamonds of varying levels of opacity. The lowest grade, "crushing bort," is crushed by steel

mortars Mortar may refer to: * Mortar (weapon), an indirect-fire infantry weapon * Mortar (masonry), a material used to fill the gaps between blocks and bind them together * Mortar and pestle, a tool pair used to crush or grind * Mortar, Bihar, a villag ...

and used to make industrial-grade

abrasive An abrasive is a material, often a mineral, that is used to shape or finish a workpiece through rubbing which leads to part of the workpiece being worn away by friction. While finishing a material often means polishing it to gain a smooth, reflec ...

grits. Small bort crystals are used in

drill bit Drill bits are cutting tools used in a drill to remove material to create holes, almost always of circular cross-section. Drill bits come in many sizes and shapes and can create different kinds of holes in many different materials. In order ...

s. The

Democratic Republic of the Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...

provides 75% of the world supply of crushing bort.

Use and application

Bort is commonly used as an

. Smaller flakes and particles are used as an additive for scouring or polishing pastes and agents. Larger particles can be added to cutting, drilling and grinding tools to improve their lifespan and substantially increase their efficiency. Bort particles varying from one to two

nanometer 330px, Different lengths as in respect to the molecular scale. The nanometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm) or nanometer (American and British English spelling differences#-re, ...

s are added to

lubricant A lubricant (sometimes shortened to lube) is a substance that helps to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move. It may also have the function of transmitting forces, t ...

s such as paraffin oil. These particles will embed themselves into minute irregularities and imperfections of moving-part surfaces. Particles that remain suspended in the lubricant oil act as both a polishing agent, further smoothening the surfaces, and as

ball bearing A ball bearing is a type of rolling-element bearing that uses balls to maintain the separation between the bearing races. The purpose of a ball bearing is to reduce rotational friction and support radial and axial loads. It achieves this ...

s between the surfaces. Such

nanotechnology Nanotechnology, also shortened to nanotech, is the use of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale for industrial purposes. The earliest, widespread description of nanotechnology referred to the particular technological goal ...

applications with paraffin oil containing approximately 1% of these nano-size bort particles may decrease the

friction Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. There are several types of friction: *Dry friction is a force that opposes the relative lateral motion of ...

up to half of that without the nano-particles.

References

{{Reflist, refs= {{cite book , last1= Spear , first1= K.E , last2= Dismukes , first2= J.P. , title= Synthetic Diamond: Emerging CVD Science and Technology , url= https://books.google.com/books?id=RR5HF25DB7UC , page= 628 , publisher=

Wiley Wiley may refer to: Locations * Wiley, Colorado, a U.S. town * Wiley, Pleasants County, West Virginia, U.S. * Wiley-Kaserne, a district of the city of Neu-Ulm, Germany People * Wiley (musician), British grime MC, rapper, and producer * Wiley Mil ...

–

IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a 501(c)(3) professional association for electronic engineering and electrical engineering (and associated disciplines) with its corporate office in New York City and its operati ...

, year= 1994 , isbn= 0-471-53589-3 , url-status= live , archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150425115752/http://books.google.com/books?id=RR5HF25DB7UC , archivedate= 2015-04-25 Industrial diamond
Encyclopædia Britannica. Bort
Encyclopædia Britannica. {{Cite book , author= {{Sc, Mines Bureau , url= https://books.google.com/books?id=zyKCNW0BHm8C&q=use+of+bort+as+abrasive+polisher+and+on+drilling+and+sawing+tools&pg=SA21-PA2 , title= Minerals Yearbook Metals and Minerals 2010 Volume I , pages= 21–22 , date= 2010 , accessdate=December 30, 2018 , isbn= 978-1-4113-3449-6 , archivedate= December 30, 2018 , archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20181230142508/https://books.google.nl/books?id=zyKCNW0BHm8C&pg=SA21-PA2&lpg=SA21-PA2&dq=use+of+bort+as+abrasive+polisher+and+on+drilling+and+sawing+tools&source=bl&ots=gyGJyiwFeY&sig=qfnq6I08pJFifL8bGZ08jsMgLs4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjcruDt3cffAhWKbVAKHYgoDFMQ6AEwDXoECAcQAQ , url-status= live {{cite web , first= Jason , last= Ballengee , url= https://www.aiche.org/sites/default/files/community/258271/aiche-community-site-page/258701/january-aichepresentation-pdf.pdf , date= 2016 , title= Nanodiamond and Lubrication Applications , website= aiche.org , publisher= SP3 NANOTECH, LLC , archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20181206102553/https://www.aiche.org/sites/default/files/community/258271/aiche-community-site-page/258701/january-aichepresentation-pdf.pdf , archivedate= December 6, 2018 , access-date= December 6, 2018 , url-status= live

Scientific notation Scientific notation is a way of expressing numbers that are too large or too small (usually would result in a long string of digits) to be conveniently written in decimal form. It may be referred to as scientific form or standard index form, o ...

SI unit The International System of Units, known by the international abbreviation SI in all languages and sometimes pleonastically as the SI system, is the modern form of the metric system and the world's most widely used system of measurement. ...

(s): 1–2 × 10⁻⁹ m. {{Cite news , last= {{Sc, George , first= {{Sc, Beekman , url= https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/1997/01/04/betere-smering-met-behulp-van-zeer-fijn-diamantpoeder-7337586-a498147 , title= Betere smering met behulp van zeer fijn diamantpoeder ''(Better lubrication using diamond powder of very small particles)'' , lang= Dutch , website= nrc.nl , publisher=

NRC Handelsblad ''NRC'', previously called ''NRC Handelsblad'' (), is a daily morning newspaper published in the Netherlands by NRC Media. It is generally accepted as a newspaper of record in the Netherlands. History ''NRC Handelsblad'' was first published on 1 ...

, date= January 6, 1997 , access-date= December 6, 2018 , archivedate= December 6, 2018 , archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20181206093103/https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/1997/01/04/betere-smering-met-behulp-van-zeer-fijn-diamantpoeder-7337586-a498147 , url-status= live Diamond

Use and application

See also

References