Biblidinae is a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

nymphalid The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a red ...

butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...

that includes the tropical brushfoots. This subfamily was sometimes merged within the Limenitidinae, but they are now recognized as quite distinct lineages. In older literature, this subfamily is sometimes called Eurytelinae. As of 2008, some 340 valid species are in this subfamily, placed in 38 genera. Most species of Biblidinae are Neotropical, but there are some Old World species and genera in the tribes Biblidini and Epicaliini.

Systematics

The Biblidinae are a taxonomically stable

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

group, at least since the "

wastebin genus Wastebasket taxon (also called a wastebin taxon, dustbin taxon or catch-all taxon) is a term used by some taxonomists to refer to a taxon that has the sole purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit anywhere else. They are typically defined ...

" ''

Catagramma ''"Catagramma"'' is an obsolete genus of Neotropical butterflies; the name continues to be used e.g. among butterfly collectors as a form taxon. ''"Catagramma"'' species are popularly known as 88s, in reference to a pattern on the hindwing und ...

'' was dismantled around 1950. The tribes, in the presumed

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

sequence and with notable genera also listed here, are: The higher classification of Nymphalidae, at Nymphalidae.net
/ref> Biblidini Boisduval, 1833 * ''

Biblis Biblis is a municipality in the Bergstraße district in southern Hessen, Germany. Geography Location The municipality lies in the Rhine rift west of the Odenwald between Darmstadt to the north and Mannheim to the south; it also lies north of B ...

'' Fabricius, 1807 (= ''Zonaga'') * ''

Ariadne Ariadne (; grc-gre, Ἀριάδνη; la, Ariadne) was a Cretan princess in Greek mythology. She was mostly associated with mazes and labyrinths because of her involvement in the myths of the Minotaur and Theseus. She is best known for having ...

'' Horsfield, 1829 (= ''Ergolis'') * ''

Laringa ''Laringa'' is a genus of nymphalid butterfly found in South-east Asia.Eurytela'' Boisduval, 1833 * '' Neptidopsis'' Aurivillius, 1898 * ''

Mesoxantha ''Mesoxantha'' is a genus of Nymphalidae, nymphalid butterflies.Byblia ''Byblia'' is a genus of nymphalid butterflies, commonly called jokers, found in the Africa and the Indian subcontinent. These butterflies are orange with black markings. They are attracted to rotting fruit and frequently open and close their w ...

'' Hübner, 1819 (= ''Hypanis'' Boisduval, 1833 (''non'' Pander in Menetries, 1832:

preoccupied The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linn ...

)) * ''

Mestra In Greek mythology, Mestra ( grc, Μήστρα, ''Mēstra'') was a daughter of Erysichthon of Thessaly. Antoninus Liberalis called Mestra as Hypermestra while Erysichthon as Aethon. Family Mestra was the mother of King Eurypylus of Cos by Pose ...

'' Hübner, 1825 (= ''Cystineura'') * ''

Archimestra ''Archimestra'' is a monotypic genus of nymphalid butterfly. It contains only one species, ''Archimestra teleboas'', which is endemic to Haiti and the Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic ( ; es, República Dominicana, ) is a count ...

'' Munroe, 1949 * '' Vila'' Kirby, 1871 (= ''Lonia'', ''Neptis'' Hübner, 1819 (''non'' Fabricius, 1807:

), ''Olina'' Doubleday, 1848 (''non'' Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830:

)) Epicaliini Guenée, 1865 * ''

Catonephele ''Catonephele'' is a nymphalid butterfly genus found in Mexico, Central America, South America, and the West Indies. Species Listed alphabetically:819 __NOTOC__ Year 819 (Roman numerals, DCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Emperor Louis the Pious, Louis I marries Judith ...

/small> * '' Nessaea'' Hübner,

819 __NOTOC__ Year 819 (Roman numerals, DCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Emperor Louis the Pious, Louis I marries Judith ...

/small> * '' Myscelia'' Doubleday, 1844 (= ''Sagaritis'' Hübner, 1821 (''non'' Billberg, 1820:

), ''Sea'') * ''

Sevenia ''Sevenia'', commonly called tree nymphs, is a genus of forest butterflies in the family Nymphalidae that, as larvae, feed on plants of the family Euphorbiaceae. There are fourteen species from continental Africa and two (or three) species from ...

'' Koçak, 1996 (= ''Crenis'' Boisduval, 1833 (''non'' Hübner, 1821:

), ''Sallya'' Hemming, 1964 (''non'' Yochelson, 1956:

)) * '' Eunica'' Hübner,

/small> * ''

Cybdelis ''Cybdelis'' is a nymphalid butterfly genus found in South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the ...

'' Boisduval, 1836 Ageroniini Doubleday, 1847 * '' Hamadryas'' – cracker butterflies, calico butterflies * '' Ectima'' Doubleday, 1848 * ''

Panacea In Greek mythology, Panacea (Greek ''Πανάκεια'', Panakeia), a goddess of universal remedy, was the daughter of Asclepius and Epione. Panacea and her four sisters each performed a facet of Apollo's art: * Panacea (the goddess of universal ...

'' Godman & Salvin, 1883 (= ''Pandora'' Doubleday, 1848 (''non'' Lamarck, 1799:

)) * ''

Batesia ''Batesia'' is a genus of flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel ...

'' Felder & Felder, 1862 Epiphilini Jenkins, 1987 * '' Asterope'' Hübner,

/small> * '' Pyrrhogyra'' Hübner, 1819 (= ''Corybas'') * '' Epiphile'' Doubleday, 1844 * '' Lucinia'' Hübner, 1823 (= ''Autodea'') * '' Bolboneura'' Godman & Salvin, 1877 * '' Temenis'' Hübner, 1819 (= ''Callicorina'', ''Paromia'' Hewitson, 1861 (''non'' Westwood, 1851:

)) * '' Nica'' Hübner, 1826 (= ''Pseudonica'') * '' Peria'' Kirby, 1871 (= ''Pelia'' Doubleday, 1849 (''non'' Bell, 1836:

)) Eubagini Burmeister, 1878 * ''

Dynamine ''Dynamine'' is a genus of Nymphalidae, nymphalid butterflies found in South America.

'' Hübner, 1819 (= ''Arisba'', ''Eubagis'', ''Sironia'') Callicorini Orfila, 1952 – eighty-eights and relatives * '' Diaethria'' Billberg, 1820 * '' Callicore'' Hübner,

/small> * ''

Perisama Perisama is a brush-footed butterfly genus found in the Neotropical realm, ranging from Colombia and Venezuela to Argentina. Species Listed alphabetically by group and within groups:849]"">"''Perisama'' Doubleday,

'' Doubleday, 1849 (= ''Orophila'') * '' 849]"at Markku Savel ...

'' Doubleday, 1849 (= ''Orophila'') * ''Antigonis'' Felder, 1861 (= ''Lincoya'') * ''Cyclogramma">Antigonis">849]"at Markku Savel ...

Systematics

References

Sources

External links