The Bethylidae are a family of

aculeate Aculeata is a subclade of Hymenoptera containing ants, bees, and stinging wasps. The name is a reference to the defining feature of the group, which is the modification of the ovipositor into a stinger. However, many members of the group cannot ...

wasps in the

superfamily SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...

Chrysidoidea The superfamily Chrysidoidea is a very large cosmopolitan group (some 6,000 described species, and many more undescribed) , all of which are parasitoids or cleptoparasites of other insects. There are three large, common families (Bethylidae, Chr ...

. As a family, their biology ranges between

parasitoid In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionarily stable str ...

wasps and hunting wasps.

Overview

Like most of the Chrysidoidea, the Bethylidae are stinging Hymenoptera and most are parasitoids. Some of them, however, have developed their parasitoidal biology along predatory lines and they sting and malaxate their victims into paralysis. Then they hide the prey and lay their eggs on them. Sierola gilbertae AMNZ84662 Dorsal

According to Azevedo et al. (2018) eight subfamilies of the Bethylidae are recognized: * Pristocerinae * Epyrinae * Mesitiinae * Bethylinae * Scleroderminae *† Lancepyrinae *† Protopristocerinae *† Holopsenellinae

Genera

According to Azevedo et al. (2018) there are 96 genera belong to the family Bethylidae. Some are listed here: Bethylidae 2019 08 21 13 41 03 8753

* '' Afrobethylus'' Ramos & Azevedo^g * '' Afrocera'' Benoit, 1983^g * '' Allepyris'' Kieffer, 1905^g * '' Allobethylus'' Kieffer, 1905^g * '' Anaylax'' Moczar, 1970^g * '' Anisepyris'' Kieffer, 1906^{g b} * '' Anisobrachium'' Kieffer, 1905^g * '' Apenesia'' Westwood, 1874^{g b} * '' Archaeopristocera'' Terayama, 2004^g * '' Archaepyris'' Evans, 1973^g * '' Aspidepyris'' Evans, 1964^g * '' Ateleopterus'' Förster, 1856^g * '' Australomesitius'' Barbosa & Azevedo^g * '' Bethylitella'' Cockerell, 1917^g * '' Bethylopsis'' Fouts, 1939^g * '' Bethylopteron'' Brues, 1933^g * '' Bethylus'' Latreille, 1802^{g b} * '' Caloapenesia'' Terayama, 1995^g * '' Calobrachium'' Gobbi & Azevedo, 2016^g * '' Calyozina'' Enderlein, 1912^g * '' Celonophamia'' Evans, 1973^g * '' Cephalonomia'' Westwood, 1833^{i c g b} * '' Chilepyris'' Evans, 1964^{c g} * '' Chlorepyris''^b (chlorepyris) * '' Clytrovorus'' Nagy, 1972^g * '' Codorcas'' Nagy, 1972^g * '' Cretabythus'' Evans, 1973^g * '' Cretepyris'' Ortega-Blanco & Engel, 2013^g * '' Cretobethylellus'' Rasnitsyn, 1990^g * '' Dissomphalus'' Ashmead, 1893^{g b} * '' Elektroepyris'' Perrichot & Nel, 2008^g * '' Epyris'' Westwood, 1874^{g b} * '' Eupsenella'' Westwood, 1874^{c g} * '' Foenobethylus'' Kieffer, 1913^g * '' Formosiepyris'' Terayama, 2004^g * '' Glenosema'' Kieffer, 1905^g * '' Goniozus'' Förster, 1856^{c g b} * '' Heterocoelia'' Dahlbom, 1854^g * '' Holepyris'' Kieffer, 1904^{g b} * '' Israelius'' Richards, 1952^g * '' Itapayos'' Argaman, 2003^g * '' Laelius'' Ashmead, 1893^{g b} * ''† Lancepyris'' Azevedo & Azar, 2012^g * '' Lithobiocerus'' Bridwell, 1919^g * '' Liztor'' Ortega-Blanco & Engel, 2013^g * '' Lytopsenella'' Kieffer, 1911^g * '' Megaprosternum'' Azevedo, 2006^g * '' Mesitius'' Spinola, 1851^g * '' Metrionotus'' Moczar, 1970^g * '' Moczariella'' Barbosa & Azevedo, 2014^g * '' Odontepyris'' Kieffer, 1904^g * '' Parapristocera'' Brues, 1933^g * '' Pararhabdepyris'' Gorbatovsky, 1995^g * '' Parascleroderma'' Kieffer, 1904^g * '' Pilomesitius'' Moczar, 1970^g * '' Plastanoxus'' Kieffer, 1905^g * '' Pristocera'' Klug, 1808^{g b} * '' Pristepyris'' Kieffer, 1905^{g b} * '' Prorops'' Waterston, 1923^g * '' Prosierola'' Kieffer, 1905^g * ''† Protopristocera'' Brues, 1923^g * '' Pseudisobrachium'' Kieffer, 1904^{g b} * '' Psilobethylus'' Kieffer, 1906^g * '' Pycnomesitius'' Moczar, 1971^g * '' Rhabdepyris'' Kieffer, 1904^g * '' Sclerodermus'' Latreille, 1809^{g b} * '' Sierola'' Cameron, 1881^g * '' Sulcomesitius'' Moczar, 1970^g * '' Trichiscus'' Benoit, 1956^g * '' Tuberepyris'' Lanes & Azevedo, 2008^g * '' Zimankos'' Argaman, 2003^g Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net Bethylidae indet

Evolution

The oldest known records of the group are from the

Barremian The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 129.4 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded ...

aged

Lebanese amber Lebanese amber is fossilized resin found in Lebanon and southwest Syria. It dates back approximately 130-125 million years to the Barremian of the Early Cretaceous. It formed on what was then the northern coast of Gondwana, believed to be a tropica ...

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2033037 Chrysidoidea Apocrita families