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Pre-1600

*
AD 14 __NOTOC__ AD 14 ( XIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Pompeius and Appuleius (or, less frequently, year 767 ''Ab urbe ...
Agrippa Postumus Marcus Agrippa Postumus (12 BC – AD 14),: "The elder Agrippa died, in the summer of 12 BC, while Julia was pregnant with their fifth child. The boy was very likely born sometime after June 26 of the following year. When his grandfather adopted ...
, maternal grandson of the late Roman emperor
Augustus Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pri ...
, is mysteriously executed by his guards while in exile. *
636 Year 636 ( DCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 636 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became t ...
Battle of Yarmouk The Battle of the Yarmuk (also spelled Yarmouk) was a major battle between the army of the Byzantine Empire and the Muslim forces of the Rashidun Caliphate. The battle consisted of a series of engagements that lasted for six days in August 636, ...
:
Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...
forces led by
Khalid ibn al-Walid Khalid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi (; died 642) was a 7th-century Arab military commander. He initially headed campaigns against Muhammad on behalf of the Quraysh. He later became a Muslim and spent the remainder of his career in ...
take control of the
Levant The Levant () is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Western Asia. In its narrowest sense, which is in use today in archaeology and other cultural contexts, it is eq ...
away from the
Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...
, marking the first great wave of
Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
conquests and the rapid advance of
Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...
outside
Arabia The Arabian Peninsula, (; ar, شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّة, , "Arabian Peninsula" or , , "Island of the Arabs") or Arabia, is a peninsula of Western Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate. ...
. *
917 __NOTOC__ Year 917 ( CMXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * August 20 – Battle of Achelous: A Byzantine expeditionary fo ...
Battle of Acheloos The Battle of Achelous or Acheloos ( bg, Битката при Ахелой, el, Μάχη του Αχελώου), also known as the Battle of Anchialus,Stephenson (2004), p. 23 took place on 20 August 917, on the Achelous river near the Bulga ...
: Tsar
Simeon I of Bulgaria Tsar Simeon (also Symeon) I the Great ( cu, цѣсар҄ь Сѷмеѡ́нъ А҃ Вели́къ, cěsarĭ Sỳmeonŭ prĭvŭ Velikŭ bg, цар Симеон I Велики, Simeon I Veliki el, Συμεών Αʹ ὁ Μέγας, Sumeṓn prôto ...
decisively defeats a
Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...
army. *
1083 Year 1083 ( MLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * January 6 – A Castilian army, under Count Gonzalo Salvadórez and his son-in-law R ...
– Canonization of the first
King of Hungary The King of Hungary ( hu, magyar király) was the ruling head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 (or 1001) to 1918. The style of title "Apostolic King of Hungary" (''Apostoli Magyar Király'') was endorsed by Pope Clement XIII in 1758 ...
,
Saint Stephen Stephen ( grc-gre, Στέφανος ''Stéphanos'', meaning "wreath, crown" and by extension "reward, honor, renown, fame", often given as a title rather than as a name; c. 5 – c. 34 AD) is traditionally venerated as the protomartyr or first ...
and his son
Saint Emeric Emeric ( hu, Szent Imre herceg), also ''Emericus,'' ''Emerick, Emery, Emory'', and venerated as Saint Emeric (c. 1007 – 2 September 1031) was the son of King Stephen I of Hungary and Giselle of Bavaria. Life Family Emeric is assumedSause ...
celebrated as a National Day in Hungary. *
1191 Year 1191 ( MCXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * April 10 – King Richard I (the Lionheart) leaves Messina for Palestina, ...
Richard I of England Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, and Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was ...
initiates the Massacre at Ayyadieh, leaving 2,600–3,000 Muslim hostages dead. *
1308 Year 1308 ( MCCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * November 13 – The Teutonic Knights capture Gdańsk by treachery – while a B ...
Pope Clement V Pope Clement V ( la, Clemens Quintus; c. 1264 – 20 April 1314), born Raymond Bertrand de Got (also occasionally spelled ''de Guoth'' and ''de Goth''), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 5 June 1305 to his de ...
pardons
Jacques de Molay Jacques de Molay (; c. 1240–1250 – 11 or 18 March 1314), also spelled "Molai",Demurger, pp. 1-4. "So no conclusive decision can be reached, and we must stay in the realm of approximations, confining ourselves to placing Molay's date of birth ...
, the last
Grand Master of the Knights Templar The grand master of the Knights Templar was the supreme commander of the holy order, starting with founder Hugues de Payens in 1118. Some held the office for life while others resigned life in monasteries or diplomacy. Grand masters often led ...
, absolving him of charges of
heresy Heresy is any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs, in particular the accepted beliefs of a church or religious organization. The term is usually used in reference to violations of important religi ...
. * 1391
Konrad von Wallenrode Konrad von Wallenrode (c. 1330s – 23 July 1393) was the 24th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1391 to 1393. Modern sources are friendly towards Konrad, although they claim he was hot-blooded, proud, and had tendencies to ...
becomes the 24th
Grand Master of the Teutonic Order The Grand Master of the Teutonic Order (german: Hochmeister des Deutschen Ordens; la, Magister generalis Ordo Teutonicus) is the supreme head of the Teutonic Order. It is equivalent to the grand master of other military orders and the superi ...
. * 1467 – The
Second Battle of Olmedo The Second Battle of Olmedo was fought on 20 August 1467 near Olmedo in Castile (now in the province of Valladolid, Spain) as part of the War of the Castilian Succession between Henry IV of Castile and his half-brother Alfonso, Prince of As ...
takes places as part of a succession conflict between
Henry IV of Castile Henry IV of Castile ( Castilian: ''Enrique IV''; 5 January 1425 – 11 December 1474), King of Castile and León, nicknamed the Impotent, was the last of the weak late-medieval kings of Castile and León. During Henry's reign, the nobles became ...
and his half-brother Alfonso, Prince of Asturias. *
1519 __NOTOC__ Year 1519 ( MDXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1519th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 519th year of the 2nd millennium ...
– Philosopher and general
Wang Yangming Wang Shouren (, 26 October 1472 – 9 January 1529), courtesy name Bo'an (), art name Yangmingzi (), usually referred to as Wang Yangming (), was a Chinese calligrapher, general, philosopher, politician, and writer during the Ming dynasty ...
defeats
Zhu Chenhao Zhu Chenhao (; 1 July 1476 – 12 January 1521), or Prince of Ning (), art name Weitian (畏天), was a member of the Ming dynasty's imperial family. He was the 5th generation descendant of Zhu Quan, the 17th son of the Hongwu Emperor. He attem ...
, ending the
Prince of Ning rebellion The Prince of Ning rebellion () was a rebellion that took place in China between 10 July and 20 August 1519 during the Ming dynasty. It was started by Zhu Chenhao, Prince of Ning and a fifth-generation descendant of Zhu Quan, and was aimed at ov ...
against the reign of the
Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...
's
Zhengde Emperor The Zhengde Emperor (; 26 October 149120 April 1521) was the 11th Emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigned from 1505 to 1521. Born Zhu Houzhao, he was the Hongzhi Emperor's eldest son. Zhu Houzhao took the throne at only 14 with the era name Zhen ...
.


1601–1900

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1648 1648 has been suggested as possibly the last year in which the overall human population declined, coming towards the end of a broader period of global instability which included the collapse of the Ming dynasty and the Thirty Years' War, t ...
Thirty Years’ War The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle ...
:
Battle of Lens The Battle of Lens (20 August 1648) was a French victory under Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé against the Spanish army under Archduke Leopold Wilhelm in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). It was the last major battle of the war and ...
: An outnumbered and hastily assembled French army under
Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé Louis may refer to: * Louis (coin) * Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name * Louis (surname) * Louis (singer), Serbian singer * HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy See also Derived or associated terms * Lewis (d ...
, decisively defeats a Spanish army led by
Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (5 January 1614 – 20 November 1662), younger brother of Emperor Ferdinand III, was an Austrian soldier, administrator and patron of the arts. He held a number of military commands, with limited success, and ...
at
Lens A lens is a transmissive optical device which focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (''elements''), ...
in the last major military confrontation of the
Thirty Years’ War The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle ...
, contributing to the signing of the
Peace of Westphalia The Peace of Westphalia (german: Westfälischer Friede, ) is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. They ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and brought pea ...
in October later that year. *
1672 Events January–March * January 2 – After the government of England is unable to pay the nation's debts, King Charles II decrees the Stop of the Exchequer, the suspension of payments for one year "upon any warrant, secur ...
– Former Grand Pensionary
Johan de Witt Johan de Witt (; 24 September 1625 – 20 August 1672), ''lord of Zuid- en Noord-Linschoten, Snelrewaard, Hekendorp en IJsselvere'', was a Dutch statesman and a major political figure in the Dutch Republic in the mid-17th century, the Fi ...
and his brother
Cornelis Cornelis is a Dutch language, Dutch form of the male given name Cornelius (name), Cornelius. Some common shortened versions of Cornelis in Dutch are Cees, Cor, Corné, Corneel, Crelis, Kees (given name), Kees, Neel and Nelis. Cornelis (Kees) an ...
are lynched by a mob in
The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of ...
. *
1707 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 – John V is crowned King of Portugal and the Algarv ...
– The first
Siege of Pensacola The siege of Pensacola was a siege fought in 1781, the culmination of Spain's conquest of the British province of West Florida during the Gulf Coast campaign. Background When Spain entered the War in 1779, Bernardo de Gálvez, the energetic ...
comes to an end with the failure of the British to capture
Pensacola, Florida Pensacola () is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle, and the county seat and only incorporated city of Escambia County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 54,312. Pensacola is the principal ...
. *
1710 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Saturday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 – In Prussia, Cölln is merged with Alt-Berlin b ...
War of the Spanish Succession The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict that took place from 1701 to 1714. The death of childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700 led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between his heirs, Phil ...
: A multinational army led by the Austrian commander
Guido Starhemberg Guido Wald Rüdiger, count of Starhemberg (11 November 1657 – 7 March 1737) was an Austrian military officer (commander-in-chief) and by birth member of the House of Starhemberg. He was a cousin of Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg (1638–170 ...
defeats the Spanish-Bourbon army commanded by
Alexandre Maître, Marquis de Bay Alexandre Maître, Marquis de Bay (1650 – 14 November 1715) was a French military officer in the service of Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession. Born in Salins in 1650, Maître married Cécile de Winssinkercke, who had been born i ...
in the
Battle of Saragossa The Battle of Saragossa, also known as the Battle of Zaragoza, took place on 20 August 1710 during the War of the Spanish Succession. A Spanish Bourbon army loyal to Philip V of Spain and commanded by the Marquis de Bay was defeated by a Gr ...
. *
1775 Events Summary The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's now-legendary ride. The Second Continental Congress t ...
– The Spanish establish the
Presidio San Augustin del Tucson A presidio ( en, jail, fortification) was a fortified base established by the Spanish Empire around between 16th century, 16th and 18th century, 18th centuries in areas in condition of their control or influence. The presidios of Captaincy Genera ...
in the town that became
Tucson, Arizona , "(at the) base of the black ill , nicknames = "The Old Pueblo", "Optics Valley", "America's biggest small town" , image_map = , mapsize = 260px , map_caption = Interactive map ...
. *
1794 Events January–March * January 1 – The Stibo Group is founded by Niels Lund as a printing company in Aarhus (Denmark). * January 13 – The U.S. Congress enacts a law providing for, effective May 1, 1795, a United States ...
Northwest Indian War The Northwest Indian War (1786–1795), also known by other names, was an armed conflict for control of the Northwest Territory fought between the United States and a united group of Native American nations known today as the Northwestern ...
: United States troops force a confederacy of
Shawnee The Shawnee are an Algonquian-speaking indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands. In the 17th century they lived in Pennsylvania, and in the 18th century they were in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, with some bands in Kentucky a ...
,
Mingo The Mingo people are an Iroquoian group of Native Americans, primarily Seneca and Cayuga, who migrated west from New York to the Ohio Country in the mid-18th century, and their descendants. Some Susquehannock survivors also joined them, and ...
,
Delaware Delaware ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Maryland to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state takes its name from the adjacent Del ...
,
Wyandot Wyandot may refer to: Native American ethnography * Wyandot people, also known as the Huron * Wyandot language * Wyandot religion Places * Wyandot, Ohio, an unincorporated community * Wyandot County, Ohio * Camp Wyandot, a Camp Fire Boys and ...
,
Miami Miami ( ), officially the City of Miami, known as "the 305", "The Magic City", and "Gateway to the Americas", is a East Coast of the United States, coastal metropolis and the County seat, county seat of Miami-Dade County, Florida, Miami-Dade C ...
,
Ottawa Ottawa (, ; Canadian French: ) is the capital city of Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River in the southern portion of the province of Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the core ...
, Chippewa, and
Potawatomi The Potawatomi , also spelled Pottawatomi and Pottawatomie (among many variations), are a Native American people of the western Great Lakes region, upper Mississippi River and Great Plains. They traditionally speak the Potawatomi language, a m ...
warriors into a disorganized retreat at the
Battle of Fallen Timbers The Battle of Fallen Timbers (20 August 1794) was the final battle of the Northwest Indian War, a struggle between Native American tribes affiliated with the Northwestern Confederacy and their British allies, against the nascent United States ...
. *
1852 Events January–March * January 14 – President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims a new constitution for the French Second Republic. * January 15 – Nine men representing various Jewish charitable organizations come tog ...
– Steamboat ''
Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe an ...
'' sank on Lake Erie after a collision, with the loss of at least 150 lives. *
1858 Events January–March * January – **Benito Juárez (1806–1872) becomes Liberal President of Mexico. At the same time, conservatives install Félix María Zuloaga (1813–1898) as president. **William I of Prussia becomes regent f ...
Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended fr ...
first publishes his theory of
evolution Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...
through
natural selection Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations. Charle ...
in ''The Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London'', alongside
Alfred Russel Wallace Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural se ...
's same theory. *
1864 Events January–March * January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster ("Oh! Susanna", "Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song " ...
Bakumatsu was the final years of the Edo period when the Tokugawa shogunate ended. Between 1853 and 1867, Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy known as and changed from a feudal Tokugawa shogunate to the modern empire of the Meiji government ...
:
Kinmon incident The , also known as the , was a rebellion against the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan that took place on August 20 unar calendar: 19th day, 7th month 1864, near the Imperial Palace in Kyoto. History Starting with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1 ...
: Three columns of '' jōi shishi'' from the
Chōshū Domain The , also known as the , was a domain (''han'') of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1600 to 1871.Deal, William E. (2005) ''Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan,'' p. 81 The Chōshū Domain was base ...
led by
Kijima Matabei , also known as Masahisa (政久), was a Japanese samurai who served as a retainer to Lord Mōri of Chōshū. Though his name was Masahisa, he is known by his "common" name of Matabei. While his income (a stipend of 59 koku) may not have been p ...
and
Kusaka Genzui , (born Kusaka Hidezaburō; May 1840 – 20 August 1864) was a samurai of the Japanese domain of Chōshū who was active during the Bakumatsu period and a key proponent of the ''sonnō jōi'' movement. Early life He was born Kusaka Hide ...
assault and set fire to the Japanese imperial capital of
Kyoto Kyoto (; Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. , the ci ...
in an attempt to expel the
Satsuma Satsuma may refer to: * Satsuma (fruit), a citrus fruit * ''Satsuma'' (gastropod), a genus of land snails Places Japan * Satsuma, Kagoshima, a Japanese town * Satsuma District, Kagoshima, a district in Kagoshima Prefecture * Satsuma Domain, a sou ...
and
Aizu Domain was a domain of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1601 to 1871.Ravina, Mark. (1998) ''Land and Lordship in Early Modern Japan,'' p. 222 The Aizu Domain was based at Tsuruga Castle in Mutsu Province, the core of the ...
s from the imperial court. Their defeat prompts the
Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...
to rally all daimyos across the nation to launch a collective retaliatory expedition against the Chōshū four days later. *
1866 Events January–March * January 1 ** Fisk University, a historically black university, is established in Nashville, Tennessee. ** The last issue of the abolitionist magazine '' The Liberator'' is published. * January 6 – Ottoman tr ...
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808July 31, 1875) was the 17th president of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. He assumed the presidency as he was vice president at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Johnson was a Dem ...
formally declares the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states th ...
over. *
1882 Events January–March * January 2 ** The Standard Oil Trust is secretly created in the United States to control multiple corporations set up by John D. Rockefeller and his associates. ** Irish-born author Oscar Wilde arrives in ...
Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most popu ...
's ''
1812 Overture ''The Year 1812, Solemn Overture'', Op. 49, popularly known as the ''1812 Overture'', is a concert overture in E major written in 1880 by Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky to commemorate the successful Russian defense against Napoleon ...
'' debuts in Moscow, Russia.


1901–present

*
1905 As the second year of the massive Russo-Japanese War begins, more than 100,000 die in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos leads to the 1905 Russian Revolution against Nicholas II of Russia (Shostakovich's 11th Symphony i ...
Sun Yat-sen Sun Yat-sen (; also known by several other names; 12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925)Singtao daily. Saturday edition. 23 October 2010. section A18. Sun Yat-sen Xinhai revolution 100th anniversary edition . was a Chinese politician who serve ...
,
Song Jiaoren Song Jiaoren (, ; Given name at birth: Liàn 鍊; Courtesy name: Dùnchū 鈍初) (5 April 1882 – 22 March 1913) was a Chinese republican revolutionary, political leader and a founder of the Kuomintang (KMT). Song Jiaoren led the KMT to elec ...
, and others establish the
Tongmenghui The Tongmenghui of China (or T'ung-meng Hui, variously translated as Chinese United League, United League, Chinese Revolutionary Alliance, Chinese Alliance, United Allegiance Society, ) was a secret society and underground resistance movement ...
, a
Republican Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...
,
anti-Qing Anti-Qing sentiment () refers to a sentiment principally held in China against the rule of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1636–1912), which was criticized by opponents as being "barbaric". The Qing was accused of destroying traditional Han cultu ...
revolutionary organisation, in
Tokyo Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 ...
,
Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
. *
1910 Events January * January 13 – The first public radio broadcast takes place; live performances of the operas '' Cavalleria rusticana'' and ''Pagliacci'' are sent out over the airwaves, from the Metropolitan Opera House in New York C ...
– Extreme fire weather in the
Inland Northwest The Inland Northwest, historically and alternatively known as the Inland Empire, is a region of the American Northwest centered on the Greater Spokane, Washington Area, encompassing all of Eastern Washington and North Idaho. Under broader defi ...
of the United States causes many small wildfires to coalesce into the
Great Fire of 1910 The Great Fire of 1910 (also commonly referred to as the Big Blowup, the Big Burn, or the Devil's Broom fire) was a wildfire in the Inland Northwest region of the United States that burned in North Idaho and Western Montana, with extensions into ...
, burning approximately and killing 87 people. *
1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It als ...
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
:
Brussels Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...
is captured during the German invasion of Belgium. *
1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own ma ...
– The first commercial radio station, 8MK (now WWJ), begins operations in
Detroit Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at th ...
. * 1920 – The
National Football League The National Football League (NFL) is a professional American football league that consists of 32 teams, divided equally between the American Football Conference (AFC) and the National Football Conference (NFC). The NFL is one of the ...
is organized as the American Professional Football Conference in
Canton, Ohio Canton () is a city in and the county seat of Stark County, Ohio. It is located approximately south of Cleveland and south of Akron in Northeast Ohio. The city lies on the edge of Ohio's extensive Amish country, particularly in Holmes and ...
*
1926 Events January * January 3 – Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator in Greece. * January 8 **Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud is crowned King of Hejaz. ** Crown Prince Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thuy ascends the throne, the last monarch of V ...
– Japan's
public broadcasting Public broadcasting involves radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. Public broadcasters receive funding from diverse sources including license fees, individual contributions, public financing ...
company,
Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai , also known as NHK, is a Japanese public broadcasting, public broadcaster. NHK, which has always been known by this romanized initialism in Japanese, is a statutory corporation funded by viewers' payments of a television licence, television l ...
(NHK) is established. *
1938 Events January * January 1 ** The Constitution of Estonia#Third Constitution (de facto 1938–1940, de jure 1938–1992), new constitution of Estonia enters into force, which many consider to be the ending of the Era of Silence and the a ...
Lou Gehrig Henry Louis Gehrig (born Heinrich Ludwig Gehrig ; June 19, 1903June 2, 1941) was an American professional baseball first baseman who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees (1923–1939). Gehrig was renowned f ...
hits his 23rd career grand slam, a record that stood for 75 years until it was broken by
Alex Rodriguez Alexander Emmanuel Rodriguez (born July 27, 1975), nicknamed "A-Rod", is an American former professional baseball shortstop and third baseman, businessman and philanthropist. Rodriguez played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the ...
. *
1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *January ...
– In Mexico City, exiled Russian revolutionary
Leon Trotsky Lev Davidovich Bronstein. ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky; uk, link= no, Лев Давидович Троцький; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky''. (), was a Russian ...
is fatally wounded with an ice axe by
Ramón Mercader Jaime Ramón Mercader del Río (7 February 1913 – 18 October 1978),Photograph oMercader's Gravestone/ref> more commonly known as Ramón Mercader, was a Spanish communist and NKVD agent, who assassinated Russian Bolshevik revolutionary Leon Tr ...
. He dies the next day. * 1940 –
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
:
British Prime Minister The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern p ...
Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 Winston Churchill in the Second World War, dur ...
makes the fourth of his famous wartime speeches, containing the line "
Never was so much owed by so many to so few "Never was so much owed by so many to so few" was a wartime speech delivered to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom by British prime minister Winston Churchill on 20 August 1940. The name stems from the specific line in the speech, "Neve ...
". * 1940 –
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
:
Hundred Regiments Offensive The Hundred Regiments Offensive also known as the Hundred Regiments Campaign () (20 August – 5 December 1940) was a major campaign of the Chinese Communist Party's National Revolutionary Army divisions. It was commanded by Peng Dehuai against ...
: Chinese general
Peng Dehuai Peng Dehuai (; October 24, 1898November 29, 1974) was a prominent Chinese Communist military leader, who served as China's Defense Minister from 1954 to 1959. Peng was born into a poor peasant family, and received several years of primary edu ...
of the
Communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
Eighth Route Army The Eighth Route Army (), officially known as the 18th Group Army of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China, was a group army under the command of the Chinese Communist Party, nominally within the structure of the Chinese ...
launches the
Hundred Regiments Offensive The Hundred Regiments Offensive also known as the Hundred Regiments Campaign () (20 August – 5 December 1940) was a major campaign of the Chinese Communist Party's National Revolutionary Army divisions. It was commanded by Peng Dehuai against ...
, a successful campaign to disrupt
Japanese Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...
war infrastructure and logistics in occupied northern China. *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
– World War II: One hundred sixty-eight captured allied airmen, including
Phil Lamason Phillip John Lamason, (15 September 191819 May 2012) was a pilot in the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) during the Second World War, who rose to prominence as the senior officer in charge of 168 Allied airmen taken to Buchenwald concentrat ...
, accused by the
Gestapo The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...
of being "terror fliers", arrive at
Buchenwald concentration camp Buchenwald (; literally 'beech forest') was a Nazi concentration camp established on hill near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937. It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps within Germany's 1937 borders. Many actual or su ...
. * 1944 – World War II: The
Battle of Romania The Battle of Romania in World War II comprised several operations in or around Romania in 1944, as part of the Eastern Front, in which the Soviet Army defeated Axis (German and Romanian) forces in the area, Romania changed sides, and Soviet ...
begins with a major
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
offensive. *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
– Soviet Consul General in
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...
, Jacob M. Lomakin is expelled by the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
, due to the
Kasenkina Case The Kasenkina Case (russian: link=no, "Дело Касенкиной") was a 1948 Cold War-era political scandal associated with the name of Oksana Kasenkina, a teacher of chemistry at the Soviet school in New York. Kasenkina disappeared an ...
. *
1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2022. * January 2 – Luis ...
Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...
adopts the
Hungarian Constitution of 1949 The Hungarian Constitution of 1949 was adopted on 20 August 1949 and heavily amended on 23 October 1989. The document was Hungary's first permanent written constitution, and until its replacement in 2011, the country was the only former Eastern Bl ...
and becomes a People’s Republic. *
1955 Events January * January 3 – José Ramón Guizado becomes president of Panama. * January 17 – , the first nuclear-powered submarine, puts to sea for the first time, from Groton, Connecticut. * January 18– 20 – Battle of Yijian ...
Battle of Philippeville The Battle of Philippeville, also known as the Philippeville massacre or the August Offensive was a series of raids launched on 20 August 1955 on various cities and towns of the Constantine region by FLN insurgents and armed mobs during ...
: In
Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...
, a force of
Berbers , image = File:Berber_flag.svg , caption = The Berber ethnic flag , population = 36 million , region1 = Morocco , pop1 = 14 million to 18 million , region2 = Algeria , pop2 ...
from the
Atlas Mountains The Atlas Mountains are a mountain range in the Maghreb in North Africa. It separates the Sahara Desert from the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean; the name "Atlantic" is derived from the mountain range. It stretches around through Moroc ...
region of
Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...
raid two rural settlements and kill 77 French nationals. *
1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Ja ...
Senegal Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 (Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') officially the Republic of Senegal,; Wolof: ''Réewum Senegaal''; Pulaar : 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 ...
breaks from the
Mali Federation The Mali Federation ( ar, اتحاد مالي) was a federation in West Africa linking the French colonies of Senegal and the French Sudan, Sudanese Republic (or French Sudan) for two months in 1960. It was founded on 4 April 1959 as a territor ...
, declaring its independence. *
1962 Events January * January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand. * January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism. * January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wors ...
– The NS ''Savannah'', the world's first
nuclear-powered Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions. Presently, the vast majority of electricity from nuclear power is produced b ...
civilian ship, embarks on its maiden voyage. *
1968 The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – "Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. * Januar ...
Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
: Warsaw Pact troops invade Czechoslovakia, crushing the
Prague Spring The Prague Spring ( cs, Pražské jaro, sk, Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization and mass protest in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. It began on 5 January 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubček was elected First Sec ...
. East German participation is limited to a few specialists due to memories of the recent war. Only Albania and Romania refuse to participate. *
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 - Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
Viking program The ''Viking'' program consisted of a pair of identical American space probes, ''Viking 1'' and ''Viking 2'', which landed on Mars in 1976. Each spacecraft was composed of two main parts: an orbiter designed to photograph the surface of Mars f ...
:
NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research. NASA was established in 1958, succeeding t ...
launches the ''
Viking 1 ''Viking 1'' was the first of two spacecraft, along with ''Viking 2'', each consisting of an orbiter and a lander, sent to Mars as part of NASA's Viking program. The lander touched down on Mars on July 20, 1976, the first successful Mars land ...
'' planetary probe toward
Mars Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, only being larger than Mercury (planet), Mercury. In the English language, Mars is named for the Mars (mythology), Roman god of war. Mars is a terr ...
. * 1975 – ČSA Flight 540 crashes on approach to
Damascus International Airport Damascus International Airport ( ar, مَطَار دِمَشْق الدَّوْلِيّ, Maṭār Dimašq ad-Duwaliyy) is the international airport of Damascus, the capital of Syria. Inaugurated in the mid-1970s, it also was the country's busie ...
in
Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...
,
Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
, killing 126 people. *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democratic R ...
Voyager program The Voyager program is an American scientific program that employs two robotic interstellar probes, ''Voyager 1'' and ''Voyager 2''. They were launched in 1977 to take advantage of a favorable alignment of Jupiter and Saturn, to Flyby (spacef ...
: NASA launches the ''
Voyager 2 ''Voyager 2'' is a space probe launched by NASA on August 20, 1977, to study the outer planets and interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere. As a part of the Voyager program, it was launched 16 days before its twin, ''Voyager 1'', on a ...
'' spacecraft. *
1986 The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. **Spain and Portugal ente ...
– In
Edmond, Oklahoma Edmond is a city in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area in the central part of the state. The population was 94,428 according to the 2020 United States Census, making it the fifth largest cit ...
, U.S. Postal employee Patrick Sherrill guns down 14 of his co-workers and then commits suicide. *
1988 File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...
– "Black Saturday" of the Yellowstone fire in
Yellowstone National Park Yellowstone National Park is an American national park located in the western United States, largely in the northwest corner of Wyoming and extending into Montana and Idaho. It was established by the 42nd U.S. Congress with the Yellowston ...
* 1988 – Iran–Iraq War: A ceasefire is agreed after almost eight years of war. * 1988 –
The Troubles The Troubles ( ga, Na Trioblóidí) were an ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland that lasted about 30 years from the late 1960s to 1998. Also known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, it is sometimes described as an "i ...
: Eight British soldiers are killed and 28 wounded when their bus is hit by an
IRA Ira or IRA may refer to: *Ira (name), a Hebrew, Sanskrit, Russian or Finnish language personal name *Ira (surname), a rare Estonian and some other language family name *Iran, UNDP code IRA Law *Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, US, on status of ...
roadside bomb in
Ballygawley, County Tyrone Ballygawley or Ballygawly () is a village in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is about 20 kilometres southwest of Dungannon, near the meeting of the A5 Derry–Dublin and A4 Dungannon–Enniskillen roads. Geography An American visitor in 1 ...
. *
1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
– The pleasure boat ''Marchioness'' sinks on the
River Thames The River Thames ( ), known alternatively in parts as the The Isis, River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the Longest rivers of the United Kingdom, se ...
following a collision. Fifty-one people are killed. *
1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phil ...
Dissolution of the Soviet Union The dissolution of the Soviet Union, also negatively connoted as rus, Разва́л Сове́тского Сою́за, r=Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''. was the process of internal disintegration within the Sov ...
,
August Coup August is the eighth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, and the fifth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. Its zodiac sign is Leo and was originally named ''Sextilis'' in Latin because it was the 6th month in ...
: More than 100,000 people rally outside the Soviet Union's parliament building protesting the coup aiming to depose
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...
Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet politician who served as the 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to dissolution of the Soviet Union, the country's dissolution in 1991. He served a ...
. * 1991 –
Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...
, occupied by and incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940, issues a decision on the re-establishment of independence on the basis of legal continuity of its pre-occupation statehood. * 1992 – In India,
Meitei language Meitei (), also known as Manipuri (, ), is a Tibeto-Burman language of north-eastern India. It is spoken by around 1.8 million people, predominantly in the state of Manipur, but also by smaller communities in the rest of the country and in pa ...
(officially known as
Manipuri language Meitei (), also known as Manipuri (, ), is a Tibeto-Burman language of north-eastern India. It is spoken by around 1.8 million people, predominantly in the state of Manipur, but also by smaller communities in the rest of the country and in pa ...
) was included in the scheduled languages' list and made one of the official languages of the Indian Government. *
1993 File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peace ...
– After rounds of secret negotiations in Norway, the
Oslo Accords The Oslo Accords are a pair of agreements between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO): the Oslo I Accord, signed in Washington, D.C., in 1993;
are signed, followed by a public ceremony in Washington, D.C. the following month. *
1995 File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is O. J. Simpson murder case, acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the 1994, year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The ...
– The Firozabad rail disaster kills 358 people in
Firozabad Firozabad is a city near Agra in Firozabad district in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is the centre of India's glassmaking industry and is known for the quality of the bangles and also glasswares produced there. During the reign of A ...
,
India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
. *
1997 File:1997 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The movie set of ''Titanic'', the highest-grossing movie in history at the time; ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', is published; Comet Hale-Bopp passes by Earth and becomes one of t ...
Souhane massacre The largest of the Souhane massacres took place in the small mountain town of Souhane (about 25 km south of Algiers, between Larbaa and Tablat) on 20–21 August 1997. 64 people were killed, and 15 women kidnapped; the resulting terror p ...
in
Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...
; over 60 people are killed and 15 kidnapped. *
1998 1998 was designated as the ''International Year of the Ocean''. Events January * January 6 – The '' Lunar Prospector'' spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently ...
– The
Supreme Court of Canada The Supreme Court of Canada (SCC; french: Cour suprême du Canada, CSC) is the Supreme court, highest court in the Court system of Canada, judicial system of Canada. It comprises List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada, nine justices, wh ...
rules Rule or ruling may refer to: Education * Royal University of Law and Economics (RULE), a university in Cambodia Human activity * The exercise of political or personal control by someone with authority or power * Business rule, a rule perta ...
that
Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...
cannot legally secede from Canada without the federal government's approval. * 1998 – U.S. embassy bombings: The United States launches cruise missile attacks against alleged
al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda (; , ) is an Islamic extremism, Islamic extremist organization composed of Salafist jihadists. Its members are mostly composed of Arab, Arabs, but also include other peoples. Al-Qaeda has mounted attacks on civilian and military ta ...
camps Camps may refer to: People *Ramón Camps (1927–1994), Argentine general *Gabriel Camps (1927–2002), French historian *Luís Espinal Camps (1932–1980), Spanish missionary to Bolivia *Victoria Camps (b. 1941), Spanish philosopher and professor ...
in
Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordere ...
and a suspected chemical weapons plant in
Sudan Sudan ( or ; ar, السودان, as-Sūdān, officially the Republic of the Sudan ( ar, جمهورية السودان, link=no, Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa. It shares borders with the Central African Republic t ...
in retaliation for the
August 7 Events Pre-1600 * 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the ''magister militum'' Ricimer. * 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of Co ...
bombings of American embassies in
Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...
and
Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ...
. *
2002 File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains East Timor independence, indepe ...
– A group of Iraqis opposed to the regime of
Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein ( ; ar, صدام حسين, Ṣaddām Ḥusayn; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolution ...
take over the Iraqi
embassy A diplomatic mission or foreign mission is a group of people from a state or organization present in another state to represent the sending state or organization officially in the receiving or host state. In practice, the phrase usually deno ...
in Berlin, Germany for five hours before releasing their hostages and surrendering. *
2006 File:2006 Events Collage V1.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2006 Winter Olympics open in Turin; Twitter is founded and launched by Jack Dorsey; The Nintendo Wii is released; Montenegro 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum, votes to declare ...
Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Tamil politician and former MP S. Sivamaharajah is shot dead at his home in
Tellippalai Tellippalai or Thellippalai ( ta, தெல்லிப்பழை Tellippaḻai
. *
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister of Pakistan, Pr ...
China Airlines Flight 120 China Airlines Flight 120 was a regularly scheduled flight from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport in Taoyuan County (now Taoyuan City), Taiwan to Naha Airport in Okinawa, Japan. On August 20, 2007, the Boeing 737-800 aircraft operating the fli ...
catches fire and explodes after landing at
Naha Airport is a second class airport located west of the city hallAIS Japan
in
Okinawa is a prefecture of Japan. Okinawa Prefecture is the southernmost and westernmost prefecture of Japan, has a population of 1,457,162 (as of 2 February 2020) and a geographic area of 2,281 km2 (880 sq mi). Naha is the capital and largest city ...
, Japan. *
2008 File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
Spanair Flight 5022 Spanair Flight 5022 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Barcelona–El Prat Airport to Gran Canaria Airport, Spain, via Madrid–Barajas Airport that crashed just after take-off from runway 36L at Madrid Airport at 14:24  CES ...
, from
Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...
, Spain to
Gran Canaria Gran Canaria (, ; ), also Grand Canary Island, is the third-largest and second-most-populous island of the Canary Islands, an archipelago off the Atlantic coast of Northwest Africa which is part of Spain. the island had a population of that co ...
, skids off the runway and crashes at
Barajas Airport Barajas may refer to: *Barajas (Madrid), the district of Madrid in which the airport lies **Barajas (Madrid Metro), station along Line 8 of the Madrid Metro **Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport, principal airport of Madrid, Spain *Barajas (ar ...
. Of the 172 people on board, 146 die immediately, and eight more later die of injuries sustained in the crash. *
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
– A
prison riot A prison riot is an act of concerted defiance or disorder by a group of prisoners against the prison administrators, prison officers, or other groups of prisoners. Prison riots have not been the subject of many academic studies or research inquir ...
in the
Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...
n capital,
Caracas Caracas (, ), officially Santiago de León de Caracas, abbreviated as CCS, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela, and the center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas (or Greater Caracas). Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the ...
, kills at least 20 people. *
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
– Seventy-two people are killed in Japan's
Hiroshima Prefecture is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Hiroshima Prefecture has a population of 2,811,410 (1 June 2019) and has a geographic area of 8,479 km² (3,274 sq mi). Hiroshima Prefecture borders Okayama ...
by a series of
landslides Landslides, also known as landslips, are several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, deep-seated slope failures, mudflows, and debris flows. Landslides occur in a variety of environments, ...
caused by a month's worth of rain that fell in one day. *
2016 File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses during the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh ...
Fifty-four people are killed when a suicide bomber detonates himself at a Kurdish wedding party in
Gaziantep Gaziantep (), previously and still informally called Aintab or Antep (), is a major city and capital of the Gaziantep Province, in the westernmost part of Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia Region and partially in the Mediterranean Region, approximat ...
,
Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
. *
2020 2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, social and Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of events, COVID- ...
Joe Biden gives his acceptance speech virtually for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination at the
2020 Democratic National Convention The 2020 Democratic National Convention was a presidential nominating convention that was held from August 17 to 20, 2020, at the Wisconsin Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and virtually across the United States. At the convention, delegates of ...
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Births


Pre-1600

*
1377 Year 1377 ( MCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January – Battle of Đồ Bàn: Trần Duệ Tông, Trần dynasty Emper ...
Shahrukh Mirza Shah Rukh or Shahrukh ( fa, شاهرخ, ''Šāhrokh'') (20 August 1377 – 13 March 1447) was the ruler of the Timurid Empire between 1405 and 1447. He was the son of the Central Asian conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), who founded the Timurid dynast ...
, ruler of Persia and Transoxiania (d. 1447) *
1517 Year 1517 ( MDXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 22 – Battle of Ridaniya: The Holy Ottoman army of the sultan Selim I de ...
Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle (20 August 151721 September 1586), Comte de La Baume Saint Amour, was a Bisontin ( Free Imperial City of Besançon) statesman, made a cardinal, who followed his father as a leading minister of the Spanish Habsb ...
, French cardinal and art collector (d. 1586) *1561 – Jacopo Peri, Italian singer and composer (d. 1633)


1601–1900

*1625 – Thomas Corneille, French playwright and philologist (d. 1709) *1632 – Louis Bourdaloue, French preacher and academic (d. 1704) *1659 – Henry Every, English pirate (d. 1696) *
1710 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Saturday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 – In Prussia, Cölln is merged with Alt-Berlin b ...
– Thomas Simpson, English mathematician and academic (d. 1761) *1719 – Christian Mayer (astronomer), Christian Mayer, Czech astronomer and educator (d. 1783) *1720 – Bernard de Bury, French harpsichord player and composer (d. 1785) *1778 – Bernardo O'Higgins, Chilean general and politician, 2nd Supreme Director of Chile (d. 1842) *1779 – Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Swedish chemist and academic (d. 1848) *1789 – Abbas Mirza, Qajar crown prince of Persia (d. 1833) *1799 – James Prinsep, English orientalist and scholar (d. 1840) *1833 – Benjamin Harrison, American general, lawyer, and politician, 23rd President of the United States (d. 1901) *1845 – Albert Chmielowski, Polish saint, founded the Albertine Brothers (d. 1916) *1847 – Andrew Greenwood, English cricketer (d. 1889) * 1847 – Bolesław Prus, Polish journalist and author (d. 1912) *1856 – Jakub Bart-Ćišinski, German poet and playwright (d. 1909) *1860 – Raymond Poincaré, French lawyer and politician, 10th President of France (d. 1934) *1865 – Bernard Tancred, South African cricketer and lawyer (d. 1911) *1868 – Ellen Roosevelt, American tennis player (d. 1954) *1873 – Eliel Saarinen, Finnish architect and academic, co-designed the National Museum of Finland (d. 1950) *1881 – Edgar Guest, English-American poet and author (d. 1959) * 1881 – Aleksander Hellat, Estonian politician, 6th Minister of Foreign Affairs (Estonia), Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1943) *1884 – Rudolf Bultmann, German Lutheran theologian and professor of New Testament at the University of Marburg (d. 1976) *1885 – Dino Campana, Italian poet and author (d. 1932) *1886 – Paul Tillich, German-American philosopher and theologian (d. 1965) *1887 – Phan Khôi, Vietnamese journalist and scholar (d. 1959) *1888 – Tôn Đức Thắng, Vietnamese politician, 2nd List of Presidents of Vietnam, President of Vietnam (d. 1980) *1890 – H. P. Lovecraft, American short story writer, editor, novelist (d. 1937) *1896 – Gostha Pal, Indian footballer (d. 1976) *1897 – Tarjei Vesaas, Norwegian author and poet (d. 1970) *1898 – Vilhelm Moberg, Swedish historian, journalist, author, and playwright (d. 1973)


1901–present

*1901 – Salvatore Quasimodo, Italian novelist and poet, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968) *
1905 As the second year of the massive Russo-Japanese War begins, more than 100,000 die in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos leads to the 1905 Russian Revolution against Nicholas II of Russia (Shostakovich's 11th Symphony i ...
– Jean Gebser, German linguist, poet, and philosopher (d. 1973) * 1905 – Mikio Naruse, Japanese director and screenwriter (d. 1969) * 1905 – Jack Teagarden, American singer-songwriter and trombonist (d. 1964) * 1906 – Vidrik Rootare, Estonian chess player (d. 1981) *1908 – Al López, American baseball player and manager (d. 2005) *1909 – André Morell, English actor (d. 1978) * 1909 – Alby Roberts, New Zealand cricketer and rugby player (d. 1978) *
1910 Events January * January 13 – The first public radio broadcast takes place; live performances of the operas '' Cavalleria rusticana'' and ''Pagliacci'' are sent out over the airwaves, from the Metropolitan Opera House in New York C ...
– Eero Saarinen, Finnish-American architect and furniture designer, designed the Gateway Arch (d. 1961) *1912 – John H. Michaelis, American general (d. 1985) *1913 – Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neuropsychologist and neurobiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994) *1916 – Paul Felix Schmidt, Estonian–German chess player and chemist (d. 1984) *1917 – Terry Sanford, List of Governors of North Carolina, 65th Governor of North Carolina (d. 1998) *1918 – Jacqueline Susann, American actress and author (d. 1974) *1919 – Walter Bernstein, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2021) * 1919 – Adamantios Androutsopoulos, Greek lawyer, educator and politician, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2000) *1921 – Keith Froome, Australian rugby league player (d. 1978) * 1921 – Jack Wilson (Australian cricketer), Jack Wilson, Australian cricketer (d. 1985) *1923 – Jim Reeves, American singer-songwriter (d. 1964) *1924 – George Zuverink, American baseball player (d. 2014) *
1926 Events January * January 3 – Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator in Greece. * January 8 **Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud is crowned King of Hejaz. ** Crown Prince Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thuy ascends the throne, the last monarch of V ...
– Frank Rosolino, American jazz trombonist (d. 1978) *
1926 Events January * January 3 – Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator in Greece. * January 8 **Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud is crowned King of Hejaz. ** Crown Prince Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thuy ascends the throne, the last monarch of V ...
– Nobby Wirkowski, American-Canadian football player and coach (d. 2014) *1927 – John Boardman (art historian), John Boardman, English archaeologist and historian * 1927 – Yootha Joyce, English actress (d. 1980) * 1927 – Fred Kavli, Norwegian-American businessman and philanthropist, founded Kavli Foundation (United States), The Kavli Foundation (d. 2013) * 1927 – Peter Oakley, English soldier and blogger (d. 2014) *1929 – Kevin Heffernan (Gaelic footballer), Kevin Heffernan, Irish footballer and manager (d. 2013) *1930 – Mario Bernardi, Canadian pianist and conductor (d. 2013) * 1930 – Peter Randall (GM), Peter Randall, English sergeant (d. 2007) *1931 – Don King (boxing promoter), Don King, American boxing promoter *1932 – Anthony Ainley, English actor (d. 2004) * 1932 – Vasily Aksyonov, Russian physician, author, and academic (d. 2009) * 1932 – Atholl McKinnon, South African cricketer (d. 1983) *1933 – George J. Mitchell, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician *1934 – Sneaky Pete Kleinow, American country-rock pedal-steel guitarist and songwriter (d. 2007) * 1934 – Tom Mangold, German-English journalist and author *1935 – Ron Paul, American captain, physician, and politician *1936 – Hideki Shirakawa, Japanese chemist, engineer, and academic, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate *1937 – Stelvio Cipriani, Italian composer (d. 2018) * 1937 – Andrei Konchalovsky, Russian director, producer, and screenwriter * 1937 – Sky Saxon, American singer-songwriter and bassist (d. 2009) *
1938 Events January * January 1 ** The Constitution of Estonia#Third Constitution (de facto 1938–1940, de jure 1938–1992), new constitution of Estonia enters into force, which many consider to be the ending of the Era of Silence and the a ...
– Peter Day (chemist), Peter Day, English chemist and academic (d. 2020) * 1938 – Alain Vivien, French politician *1939 – Fernando Poe Jr., Filipino actor and politician (d. 2004) * 1939 – Mike Velarde, Filipino televangelist and religious leader *
1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *January ...
– Rubén Hinojosa, American businessman and politician * 1940 – Gus Macdonald, Scottish academic and politician, Minister for the Cabinet Office * 1940 – Rex Sellers (cricketer), Rex Sellers, Indian-Australian cricketer *1941 – Dave Brock, English singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1941 – Rich Brooks, American football player and coach * 1941 – Anne Evans (soprano), Anne Evans, English soprano and actress * 1941 – William H. Gray (Pennsylvania politician), William H. Gray, American lawyer and politician (d. 2013) * 1941 – Slobodan Milošević, Serbian lawyer and politician, 1st President of Serbia (d. 2006) * 1941 – Robin Oakley, English journalist and author * 1941 – Jo Ramírez, Mexican race car driver and manager *1942 – Isaac Hayes, American singer-songwriter, pianist, producer, and actor (d. 2008) * 1942 – Fred Norman, American baseball player *1943 – Roger Gale, English journalist and politician * 1943 – Sylvester McCoy, Scottish actor *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
– Rajiv Gandhi, Indian lawyer and politician, 6th Prime Minister of India (d. 1991) * 1944 – Graig Nettles, American baseball player and manager * 1944 – José Wilker, Brazilian actor and director (d. 2014) *1945 – Roy Gardner (businessman), Roy Gardner, English businessman *1946 – Mufaddal Saifuddin, 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq of Fatimid Caliphate * 1946 – Henryk Broder, Polish-German journalist and author * 1946 – Connie Chung, American journalist * 1946 – Laurent Fabius, French politician, 158th Prime Minister of France * 1946 – Ralf Hütter, German singer and keyboard player * 1946 – N. R. Narayana Murthy, Indian businessman, co-founded Infosys *1947 – Alan Lee (illustrator), Alan Lee, English painter and illustrator * 1947 – Ray Wise, American actor *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
– John Noble, Australian actor and director * 1948 – Robert Plant, English singer-songwriter *
1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2022. * January 2 – Luis ...
– Nikolas Asimos, Greek singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1988) * 1949 – Phil Lynott, Irish singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer (d. 1986) *1951 – DeForest Soaries, American minister and politician, 30th Secretary of State of New Jersey *1952 – John Emburey, English cricketer and coach * 1952 – Doug Fieger, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2010) * 1952 – John Hiatt, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1952 – Ric Menello, American director and screenwriter (d. 2013) *1953 – Gerry Bertier, American football player (d. 1981) * 1953 – Peter Horton, American actor and director * 1953 – Mike Jackson (Texas politician), Mike Jackson, American politician * 1953 – Jim Trenton, American radio host and actor * 1953 – Leroy Burgess, American singer, songwriter, keyboard player, recording artist, and record producer *1954 – Quinn Buckner, American basketball player and coach * 1954 – Tawn Mastrey, American radio host and producer (d. 2007) * 1954 – Al Roker, American news anchor, television personality, and author *
1955 Events January * January 3 – José Ramón Guizado becomes president of Panama. * January 17 – , the first nuclear-powered submarine, puts to sea for the first time, from Groton, Connecticut. * January 18– 20 – Battle of Yijian ...
– Agnes Chan, Hong Kong singer and author * 1955 – Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon, English politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster *1956 – Joan Allen, American actress * 1956 – Alvin Greenidge, Barbadian cricketer * 1956 – Desmond Swayne, English soldier and politician, Vice-Chamberlain of the Household *1957 – Finlay Calder, Scottish rugby player * 1957 – Jim Calder (rugby union), Jim Calder, Scottish rugby player * 1957 – Simon Donaldson, English mathematician and academic * 1957 – Sorin Antohi, Romanian journalist and historian * 1957 – Paul Johnson (American football coach), Paul Johnson, American football coach *1958 – Nigel Dodds, Northern Irish lawyer and politician * 1958 – Patricia Rozema, Canadian director and screenwriter * 1958 – David O. Russell, American director and screenwriter * 1958 – John Stehr, American journalist *
1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Ja ...
– Dom Duff, Breton singer-songwriter, guitarist, composer * 1960 – Mark Langston, American baseball player *1961 – Amanda Sonia Berry, English businesswoman *
1962 Events January * January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand. * January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism. * January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wors ...
– James Marsters, American actor *1963 – Uwe Bialon, German footballer and manager * 1963 – Kal Daniels, American baseball player * 1963 – José Cecena, Mexican baseball player *1964 – Azarias Ruberwa, Congolese lawyer and politician, Vice-President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo *1965 – KRS-One, American rapper and producer *1966 – Miguel Albaladejo, Spanish director and screenwriter * 1966 – Dimebag Darrell, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2004) * 1966 – Enrico Letta, Italian lawyer and politician, 55th Prime Minister of Italy * 1966 – Liu Chunyan, Chinese host and voice actress *1967 – Andy Benes, American baseball player *
1968 The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – "Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. * Januar ...
– Brett Angell, English footballer and coach * 1968 – Abdelatif Benazzi, Moroccan-French rugby player * 1968 – Klas Ingesson, Swedish footballer and manager (d. 2014) * 1968 – Yuri Shiratori, Japanese voice actress and singer * 1968 – Bai Yansong, Chinese host *1969 – Billy Gardell, American comedian, actor, and producer * 1969 – Mark Holzemer, American baseball player and scout *1970 – Els Callens, Belgian tennis player and sportscaster * 1970 – Fred Durst, American singer-songwriter *1971 – Nenad Bjelica, Croatian footballer and manager * 1971 – Matt Calland, English rugby player and coach * 1971 – Steve Stone (footballer), Steve Stone, English footballer and coach * 1971 – David Walliams, English comedian, actor, and author * 1971 – Jonathan Ke Quan, Vietnamese actor *1972 – Derrick Alston, American basketball player * 1972 – Melvin Booker, American basketball player * 1972 – Chaney Kley, American actor (d. 2007) * 1972 – Scott Quinnell, Welsh rugby player and sportscaster * 1972 – Anna Umemiya, Japanese model and actress *1973 – Alban Bushi, Albanian footballer * 1973 – Alexandre Finazzi, Brazilian footballer * 1973 – Scott Goodman, Australian swimmer * 1973 – Todd Helton, American baseball player * 1973 – Cameron Mather, New Zealand rugby player and sportscaster * 1973 – José Paniagua, Dominican baseball player * 1973 – Donn Swaby, American actor and screenwriter * 1973 – Juan Becerra Acosta, Mexican journalist *1974 – Amy Adams, American actress and singer * 1974 – Misha Collins, American actor * 1974 – Szabolcs Sáfár, Hungarian footballer and coach * 1974 – Andy Strachan, Australian drummer and songwriter * 1974 – Maxim Vengerov, Russian-Israeli violinist and conductor *
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 - Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
– Marcin Adamski, Polish footballer and manager * 1975 – Marko Martin, Estonian pianist and educator * 1975 – Shaun Newton, English footballer * 1975 – Elijah Williams (American football), Elijah Williams, American football player and coach *1976 – Chris Drury, American ice hockey player * 1976 – Cornel Frăsineanu, Romanian footballer * 1976 – Tony Grant (Irish footballer), Tony Grant, Irish footballer * 1976 – Kristen Miller, American actress, producer, and screenwriter * 1976 – Marcel Podszus, German footballer * 1976 – Fabio Ulloa, Honduran footballer *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democratic R ...
– Paolo Bianco, Italian footballer * 1977 – Wayne Brown (footballer, born August 1977), Wayne Brown, English footballer * 1977 – Felipe Contepomi, Argentine rugby player, coach, and physician * 1977 – Manuel Contepomi, Argentine rugby player * 1977 – Shockmain Davis, American football player * 1977 – Stéphane Gillet, Luxembourgian footballer * 1977 – Aaron Hamill, Australian footballer and coach * 1977 – Ívar Ingimarsson, Icelandic footballer * 1977 – James Ormond (cricketer), James Ormond, English cricketer * 1977 – Josh Pearce, American baseball player * 1977 – Aaron Taylor (baseball), Aaron Taylor, American baseball player *1978 – Alberto Martín, Spanish tennis player * 1978 – Emir Mkademi, Tunisian footballer * 1978 – Jennifer Ramírez Rivero, Venezuelan model and businesswoman (d. 2018) * 1978 – Chris Schroder, American baseball player *1979 – Sarah Borwell, English tennis player * 1979 – Jamie Cullum, English singer-songwriter and pianist * 1979 – Cory Sullivan, American baseball player *1981 – Ben Barnes (actor), Ben Barnes, English actor * 1981 – Brett Finch, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster * 1981 – Artur Kotenko, Estonian footballer * 1981 – Bernard Mendy, French footballer * 1981 – Craig Ochs, American football player * 1981 – Byron Saxton, American wrestler, manager, and sportscaster *1982 – Cléber Luis Alberti, Brazilian footballer * 1982 – Aleksandr Amisulashvili, Georgian footballer * 1982 – Monty Dumond, South African rugby player * 1982 – Youssouf Hersi, Ethiopian footballer * 1982 – Joshua Kennedy, Australian footballer * 1982 – Mijaín López, Cuban wrestler * 1982 – Richard Petiot, Canadian ice hockey player * 1982 – Barney Rogers, Zimbabwean cricketer * 1982 – Enyelbert Soto, Venezuelan-Japanese baseball player *1983 – Hamza Abdullah, American football player * 1983 – Paulo André Cren Benini, Brazilian footballer * 1983 – Andrew Garfield, American-English actor * 1983 – Héctor Landazuri, Colombian footballer * 1983 – Mladen Pelaić, Croatian footballer * 1983 – Brian Schaefering, American football player * 1983 – Yuri Zhirkov, Russian footballer *1984 – Aílton José Almeida, Brazilian footballer * 1984 – Pavel Eismann, Czech footballer * 1984 – Laura Georges, French footballer * 1984 – Jamie Hoffmann, American baseball player * 1984 – Ingrid Lukas, Estonian-Swiss singer-songwriter and pianist *1985 – Brant Daugherty, American actor * 1985 – Glen Buttriss, Australian rugby league player * 1985 – Blake DeWitt, American baseball player * 1985 – Thomas Domingo, French rugby player * 1985 – Matt Hague, American baseball player * 1985 – Jack King (footballer, born 1985), Jack King, English footballer * 1985 – Álvaro Negredo, Spanish footballer * 1985 – Willie Ripia, New Zealand rugby player * 1985 – Joe Vitale (ice hockey), Joe Vitale, American ice hockey player * 1985 – Stephen Ward (footballer), Stephen Ward, Irish footballer * 1985 – Mark Washington (linebacker), Mark Washington, American football player *
1986 The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. **Spain and Portugal ente ...
– Andrew Surman, South African-English footballer * 1986 – Steven Zalewski, American ice hockey player *1987 – Stefan Aigner, German footballer * 1987 – Vedran Janjetović, Croatian-Australian footballer * 1987 – Sido Jombati, Portuguese footballer * 1987 – Egon Kaur, Estonian race car driver *
1988 File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...
– Jerryd Bayless, American basketball player * 1988 – Sarah R, Lotfi, American director, producer, and screenwriter * 1988 – José Zamora (footballer, born 1988), José Zamora, Spanish footballer *
1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
– Kirko Bangz, American rapper and producer * 1989 – Nebil Gahwagi, Hungarian footballer * 1989 – Silas Kiplagat, Kenyan runner * 1989 – Slavcho Shokolarov, Bulgarian footballer * 1989 – Judd Trump, English snooker player * 1989 – Dean Winnard, English footballer *1990 – Macauley Chrisantus, Nigerian footballer * 1990 – Culoe De Song, South African music producer and DJ * 1990 – Venelin Filipov, Bulgarian footballer * 1990 – Leigh Griffiths, Scottish footballer * 1990 – Fabien Jarsalé, French footballer * 1990 – Bradley Klahn, American tennis player * 1990 – Ranomi Kromowidjojo, Dutch swimmer *
1991 File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the Phil ...
– Marko Djokovic, Serbian tennis player * 1991 – Jyrki Jokipakka, Finnish hockey player *1992 – Matt Eisenhuth, Australian rugby league player * 1992 – Carolina Horta, Brazilian beach volleyball player * 1992 – Demi Lovato, American singer-songwriter and actor * 1992 – Deniss Rakels, Latvian footballer * 1992 – Callum Skinner, Scottish track cyclist *
1993 File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peace ...
– Tonisha Rock-Yaw, Barbadian netball player *1996 – Bunty Afoa, New Zealand rugby league player *2003 – Prince Gabriel of Belgium


Deaths


Pre-1600

*
AD 14 __NOTOC__ AD 14 ( XIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Pompeius and Appuleius (or, less frequently, year 767 ''Ab urbe ...
Agrippa Postumus Marcus Agrippa Postumus (12 BC – AD 14),: "The elder Agrippa died, in the summer of 12 BC, while Julia was pregnant with their fifth child. The boy was very likely born sometime after June 26 of the following year. When his grandfather adopted ...
, Roman son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (b. 12 BC) * 535 – Mochta, Irish missionary and saint * 651 – Oswine of Deira * 768 – Eadberht of Northumbria *
917 __NOTOC__ Year 917 ( CMXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * August 20 – Battle of Achelous: A Byzantine expeditionary fo ...
– Constantine Lips, Byzantine admiral * 984 – Pope John XIV *1153 – Bernard of Clairvaux, French theologian and saint (b. 1090) *1158 – Rögnvald Kali Kolsson (b. 1100), Earl of Orkney and Saint *1297 – William Fraser (bishop of St Andrews), William Fraser, bishop and Guardian of Scotland *1348 – Laurence Hastings, 1st Earl of Pembroke (b. 1319) *1384 – Geert Groote, Dutch preacher, founded the Brethren of the Common Life (b. 1340) *1386 – Bo Jonsson (Grip), Bo Jonsson, royal marshal of Sweden *1471 – Borso d'Este, Duke of Ferrara (b. 1413) *1528 – Georg von Frundsberg, German knight and landowner (b. 1473) *1572 – Miguel López de Legazpi, Spanish navigator and politician, 1st Governor-General of the Philippines (b. 1502) *1580 – Jerónimo Osório, Portuguese historian and author (b. 1506)


1601–1900

*1611 – Tomás Luis de Victoria, Spanish priest and composer (b. 1548) *1639 – Martin Opitz, German poet and hymnwriter (b. 1597) *
1648 1648 has been suggested as possibly the last year in which the overall human population declined, coming towards the end of a broader period of global instability which included the collapse of the Ming dynasty and the Thirty Years' War, t ...
– Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, English soldier and diplomat (b. 1583) *1651 – Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, Polish nobleman (b. 1612) *
1672 Events January–March * January 2 – After the government of England is unable to pay the nation's debts, King Charles II decrees the Stop of the Exchequer, the suspension of payments for one year "upon any warrant, secur ...
– Cornelis de Witt, Dutch lawyer and politician (b. 1623) * 1672 –
Johan de Witt Johan de Witt (; 24 September 1625 – 20 August 1672), ''lord of Zuid- en Noord-Linschoten, Snelrewaard, Hekendorp en IJsselvere'', was a Dutch statesman and a major political figure in the Dutch Republic in the mid-17th century, the Fi ...
, Dutch mathematician and politician (b. 1625) *1680 – William Bedloe, English spy (b. 1650) *1701 – Sir Charles Sedley, 5th Baronet, English playwright and politician (b. 1639) *
1707 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 – John V is crowned King of Portugal and the Algarv ...
– Nicolas Gigault, French organist and composer (b. 1627) *1773 – Enrique Flórez, Spanish historian and author (b. 1701) *1785 – Jean-Baptiste Pigalle, French sculptor (b. 1714) *1823 – Pope Pius VII (b. 1740) *1825 – William Waldegrave, 1st Baron Radstock, English admiral and politician, List of lieutenant governors of Newfoundland and Labrador, Governor of Newfoundland (b. 1753) *1835 – Agnes Bulmer, English merchant and poet (b. 1775) *1854 – Shiranui Dakuemon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 8th Makuuchi#Yokozuna, Yokozuna (b. 1801) *1859 – Juan Bautista Ceballos, President of Mexico (1853) (b. 1811) *
1882 Events January–March * January 2 ** The Standard Oil Trust is secretly created in the United States to control multiple corporations set up by John D. Rockefeller and his associates. ** Irish-born author Oscar Wilde arrives in ...
– James Whyte (Australian politician), James Whyte, Scottish-Australian politician, 6th Premier of Tasmania (b. 1820) *1887 – Jules Laforgue, French poet and author (b. 1860) *1893 – Alexander Wassilko von Serecki, Austrian lawyer and politician (b. 1827) *1897 – Charles Lilley, English-Australian politician, 4th Premier of Queensland (b. 1827)


1901–present

*1912 – William Booth, English preacher, co-founded The Salvation Army (b. 1829) *
1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It als ...
– Pope Pius X (b. 1835) *1915 – Paul Ehrlich, German physician and academic, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1854) *1917 – Adolf von Baeyer, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1835) *1919 – Gregor MacGregor (sportsman), Greg MacGregor, Scottish cricketer and rugby player (b. 1869) *1930 – Charles Bannerman, Australian cricketer and umpire (b. 1851) *1936 – Edward Weston, English-American chemist (b. 1850) *1939 – Agnes Giberne, Indian-English astronomer and author (b. 1845) *1942 – István Horthy, Hungarian admiral and pilot (b. 1904) *1943 – William Irvine (Australian politician), William Irvine, Irish-Australian politician, 21st Premier of Victoria (b. 1858) *1951 – İzzettin Çalışlar, Turkish general (b. 1882) *1961 – Percy Williams Bridgman, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1882) *1963 – Joan Voûte, Dutch astronomer (b. 1879) *1965 – Jonathan Daniels, American seminarian and civil rights activist (b. 1939) *1971 – Rashid Minhas, Pakistani lieutenant and pilot (b. 1951) *1979 – Christian Dotremont, Belgian painter and poet (b. 1922) *1980 – Joe Dassin, American-French singer-songwriter (b. 1938) *1981 – Michael Devine (hunger striker), Michael Devine, Irish Republican *1982 – Ulla Jacobsson, Swedish actress (b. 1929) *1985 – Donald O. Hebb, Canadian psychologist and academic (b. 1904) * 1985 – Wilhelm Meendsen-Bohlken, German admiral (b. 1897) *
1986 The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles. **Spain and Portugal ente ...
– Milton Acorn, Canadian poet and playwright (b. 1923) *1987 – Walenty Kłyszejko, Estonian–Polish basketball player and coach (b. 1909) *
1993 File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peace ...
– Bernard Delfgaauw, Dutch philosopher and academic (b. 1912) *
1995 File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is O. J. Simpson murder case, acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the 1994, year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The ...
– Hugo Pratt, Italian author and illustrator (b. 1927) *1996 – Rio Reiser, German singer-songwriter (b. 1950) *
1997 File:1997 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The movie set of ''Titanic'', the highest-grossing movie in history at the time; ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', is published; Comet Hale-Bopp passes by Earth and becomes one of t ...
– Norris Bradbury, American soldier, physicist, and academic (b. 1909) * 1997 – Léon Dion, Canadian political scientist and academic (b. 1922) *2001 – Fred Hoyle, English astronomer and author (b. 1915) * 2001 – Kim Stanley, American actress (b. 1925) *2005 – Thomas Herrion, American football player (b. 1981) * 2005 – Krzysztof Raczkowski, Polish drummer and songwriter (b. 1970) *
2006 File:2006 Events Collage V1.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2006 Winter Olympics open in Turin; Twitter is founded and launched by Jack Dorsey; The Nintendo Wii is released; Montenegro 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum, votes to declare ...
– Bryan Budd, Northern Ireland-born English soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1977) * 2006 – Joe Rosenthal, American photographer and journalist (b. 1911) * 2006 – S. Sivamaharajah, Sri Lankan Tamil newspaper publisher and politician (b. 1938) *
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister of Pakistan, Pr ...
– Leona Helmsley, American businesswoman (b. 1920) *
2008 File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
– Ed Freeman, American soldier and pilot, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1927) * 2008 – Hua Guofeng, Chinese politician, 2nd Premier of the People's Republic of China (b. 1921) * 2008 – Stephanie Tubbs Jones, American lawyer and politician (b. 1949) * 2008 – Gene Upshaw, American football player (b. 1945) *2009 – Larry Knechtel, American keyboardist and bass player (b. 1940) * 2009 – Karla Kuskin, American author and illustrator (b. 1932) *2010 – Đặng Phong, Vietnamese economist and historian (b. 1937) *2011 – Ram Sharan Sharma, Indian historian and academic (b. 1919) *
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
– Phyllis Diller, American actress and comedian (b. 1917) * 2012 – Daryl Hine, Canadian-American poet and academic (b. 1936) * 2012 – Dom Mintoff, Maltese journalist and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1916) * 2012 – Len Quested, English footballer and manager (b. 1925) * 2012 – Mika Yamamoto, Japanese journalist (b. 1967) * 2012 – Meles Zenawi, Ethiopian soldier and politician, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (b. 1955) *2013 – Sathima Bea Benjamin, South African singer-songwriter (b. 1936) * 2013 – Narendra Dabholkar, Indian author and activist (b. 1945) * 2013 – Don Hassler, American saxophonist and composer (b. 1929) * 2013 – Elmore Leonard, American novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter (b. 1925) * 2013 – Marian McPartland, English-American pianist and composer (b. 1918) * 2013 – John W. Morris, American general (b. 1921) * 2013 – Ted Post, American director and screenwriter (b. 1918) *
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
– Anton Buslov, Russian astrophysicist and journalist (b. 1983) * 2014 – Lois Mai Chan, Taiwanese-American librarian, author, and academic (b. 1934) * 2014 – Boris Dubin, Russian sociologist and academic (b. 1946) * 2014 – B. K. S. Iyengar, Indian yoga instructor and author, founded Iyengar Yoga (b. 1918) * 2014 – Buddy MacMaster, Canadian singer-songwriter and fiddler (b. 1924) * 2014 – Sava Stojkov, Serbian painter and educator (b. 1925) * 2014 – Edmund Szoka, American cardinal (b. 1927) *2015 – Egon Bahr, German journalist and politician, Federal Minister for Special Affairs of Germany (b. 1922) * 2015 – Paul Kibblewhite, New Zealand chemist and engineer (b. 1941) * 2015 – Frank Wilkes, Australian soldier and politician (b. 1922) *2017 – Jerry Lewis, American actor and comedian (b. 1926) *2018 – Uri Avnery, Israeli writer, politician and peace activist (b. 1923) *2021 – Igor Vovkovinskiy, Ukrainian-American law student and actor, American tallest person (b. 1982)


Holidays and observances

* Christian Calendar of saints, feast day: ** Saint Amadour, Amadour ** Bernard of Clairvaux ** Beatification, Blessed Georg Häfner ** Heliodorus of Bet Zabdai ** Maria De Mattias ** Oswine of Deira ** Philibert of Jumièges ** Samuel (prophet) ** William Booth, William and Catherine Booth (Church of England) ** August 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) * Feast of Asmá’ (Baháʼí Faith, only if Baháʼí Naw-Rúz falls on March 21) * Indian Akshay Urja Day (India) * Independence Restoration Day (Estonia), re-declaration of the independence of Estonia from the Soviet Union in 1991. * Meitei Language Day, also known as Manipuri Language Day, the day on which Meitei language, Meitei (Manipuri language, Manipuri) was included in the scheduled languages' list and made one of the languages with official status in India, official languages of India. * Revolution of the King and the People (Morocco) * Saint Stephen's Day (Hungary) * World Mosquito Day


References


External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:August 20 Days of the year August