Andreas Bernhard Lyonel Feininger (December 27, 1906 – February 18, 1999) was an American photographer and a writer on photographic technique. He was noted for his dynamic black-and-white scenes of

Manhattan Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state ...

and for studies of the structures of natural objects.

Biography

Feininger was born in Paris, France, the eldest son of Julia Berg, a German Jew, and the American painter and art educator

Lyonel Feininger Lyonel Charles Feininger (July 17, 1871January 13, 1956) was a German-American painter, and a leading exponent of Expressionism. He also worked as a caricaturist and comic strip artist. He was born and grew up in New York City, traveling to Germa ...

(1871-1956). His paternal grandparents were the German violinist Karl Feininger (1844–1922) and the American singer Elizabeth Feininger, (née Lutz), who was also of German descent. His younger brother was the painter and photographer

T. Lux Feininger Theodore Lukas (alias T. Lux) Feininger (June 11, 1910 Berlin, Germany – July 7, 2011 Cambridge, Massachusetts) was a German-American painter, avant-garde photographer, author, and art teacher who was born in Berlin to , née Lilienfeld, and Ly ...

(1910–2011). In 1908 the Feininger family moved to

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...

, and in 1919 to

Weimar Weimar is a city in the state of Thuringia, Germany. It is located in Central Germany between Erfurt in the west and Jena in the east, approximately southwest of Leipzig, north of Nuremberg and west of Dresden. Together with the neighbouri ...

, where Lyonel Feininger took up the post of Master of the Printing Workshop at the newly formed

Bauhaus The Staatliches Bauhaus (), commonly known as the Bauhaus (), was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts.Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 4th edn., 200 ...

art school.Bauhaus100. Lyonel Feininger
. Retrieved 3 February 2017 Andreas left school at 16, in 1922, to study at the Bauhaus; he graduated as a cabinetmaker in April 1925. Afterwards he studied architecture, initially at the ''Staatliche Bauschule Weimar'' (State Architectural College, Weimar) and later at the ''Staatliche Bauschule Zerbst''. (

Zerbst Zerbst () is a town in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Until an administrative reform in 2007, Zerbst was the capital of the former Anhalt-Zerbst district. Geography Zerbst is situated in the Anhalt-Wittenberg regio ...

is a city in the German state of

Saxony-Anhalt Saxony-Anhalt (german: Sachsen-Anhalt ; nds, Sassen-Anholt) is a state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and Lower Saxony. It covers an area of and has a population of 2.18 million inhabitants, making it the ...

, about 20 km from

Dessau Dessau is a town and former municipality in Germany at the confluence of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the '' Bundesland'' (Federal State) of Saxony-Anhalt. Since 1 July 2007, it has been part of the newly created municipality of Dessau-Roßlau ...

, where the Bauhaus moved to in 1926.) The Feininger family moved to Dessau with the Bauhaus. In addition to continuing his architectural studies in Zerbst, Andreas developed an interest in photography and was given guidance by neighbour and Bauhaus teacher

László Moholy-Nagy László Moholy-Nagy (; ; born László Weisz; July 20, 1895 – November 24, 1946) was a Hungarian painter and photographer as well as a professor in the Bauhaus school. He was highly influenced by constructivism and a strong advocate of the i ...

.Bauhaus100. Andreas Feininger
. Retrieved 3 February 2017 In 1936, he gave up architecture and moved to Sweden, where he focused on photography. In advance of

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, in 1939, Feininger immigrated to the U.S. where he established himself as a freelance photographer. In 1943 he joined the staff of ''Life'' magazine, an association that lasted until 1962. Feininger became famous for his photographs of New York. Other frequent subjects among his works were science and nature, as seen in bones, shells, plants, and minerals in the images of which he often stressed their structure. Rarely did he photograph people or make portraits. Feininger wrote comprehensive manuals about photography, of which the best known is ''The Complete Photographer''. In the introduction to one of Feininger's books of photographs,

Ralph Hattersley Ralph M. Hattersley, Jr. (1921-2000) was an American photographic educator, commentator, journalist and photographer. Early life and education Ralph M. Hattersley, Jr. (1921-2000) was born on March 31, 1921 in Montana where he grew up in Conrad. A ...

, the editor of the photography journal ''Infinity'', described him as "one of the great architects who helped create photography as we know it today." In 1966, the

American Society of Media Photographers The American Society of Media Photographers, abbreviated ASMP, is a professional association of imaging professionals, including photojournalists, architectural, underwater, food/culinary and advertising photographers as well as video/film makers ...

(ASMP) awarded Feininger its highest distinction, the Robert Leavitt Award. In 1991, the

International Center of Photography The International Center of Photography (ICP), at 79 Essex Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City, consists of a museum for photography and visual culture and a school offering an array of educational courses and programming. ...

awarded Feininger the Infinity Lifetime Achievement Award. Today, Feininger's photographs are in the permanent collections of the

Center for Creative Photography The Center for Creative Photography (CCP), established in 1975 and located on the University of Arizona's Tucson campus, is a research facility and archival repository containing the full archives of over sixty of the most famous American pho ...

, the

Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is often identified as one of ...

, the

Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...

, the

National Gallery of Art The National Gallery of Art, and its attached Sculpture Garden, is a national art museum in Washington, D.C., United States, located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW. Open to the public and free of char ...

, London's

Victoria and Albert Museum The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of applied arts, decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 2.27 million objects. It was founded in 1852 and nam ...

, and the

George Eastman House The George Eastman Museum, also referred to as ''George Eastman House, International Museum of Photography and Film'', the world's oldest museum dedicated to photography and one of the world's oldest film archives, opened to the public in 1949 in ...

Rochester, New York Rochester () is a City (New York), city in the U.S. state of New York (state), New York, the county seat, seat of Monroe County, New York, Monroe County, and the fourth-most populous in the state after New York City, Buffalo, New York, Buffalo, ...

Bibliography

Educational books on photography

*''Menschen vor der Kamera. Ein Lehrbuch moderner Bildnisfotografie.'' Halle: Dr. Walther Heering Verlag, 1934. About portrait photography. *''Vergrössern leicht gemacht.'' Harzburg: Dr. Walther Heering Verlag, 1935. *''Selbst Entwickeln und Kopieren.'' Harzburg: Dr. Walther Heering Verlag, 1935. *''Aufnahme-Technik.'' Die Harzburg-Reihe, 13. Harzburg: Dr. Walther Heering Verlag, 1936. *''Entwickeln, Kopieren, Vergrössern.'' Harzburg: Dr. Walther Heering Verlag, 1936. *''Fotografische Gestaltung.'' Harzburg: Dr. Walther Heering Verlag, 1937. *''Hyresgästernas sparkasse- och byggnadsförening.'' Stockholm: Hyresgästernas Förlags A.-B., 1937. About HSB; in Swedish. *''Motive im Gegenlicht.'' Harzburg: Dr. Walther Heering Verlag, 1939. *''Exakta – Ein Weg zu Foto-Neuland.'' Halle: Isert, 1939. On the

Exakta The Exakta (sometimes Exacta) was a camera produced by the ''Ihagee Kamerawerk'' in Dresden, Germany, founded as the Industrie und Handels-Gesellschaft mbH, in 1912. The inspiration and design of both the VP Exakta and the Kine Exakta are the wo ...

camera. **''Les Horizons nouveaux de la photographie avec l'Exakta.'' Halle: Isert, 1940. French translation. *''New Paths in Photography.'' Boston, American Photographic Pub. Co., 1939. London: Chapman & Hall, 1939. *''The Twin-Lens Camera Companion.'' London:

Focal Press Focal Press is a publisher of creative and applied media books and it is an imprint of Routledge/Taylor & Francis. Company history The firm was founded in London in 1938 by Andor Kraszna-Krausz, a Hungarian photographer who migrated to England ...

, 1948. By Henry Swinsbury, with a contribution by Feininger. On

twin-lens reflex camera A twin-lens reflex camera (TLR) is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens" (the lens that takes the picture), while the other is used for the viewfinde ...

s. *''Feininger on Photography.'' Chicago: Ziff-Davis, 1949. New York:

Crown A crown is a traditional form of head adornment, or hat, worn by monarchs as a symbol of their power and dignity. A crown is often, by extension, a symbol of the monarch's government or items endorsed by it. The word itself is used, partic ...

, 1953. *''Advanced Photography, Methods and Conclusions.'' New York:

Prentice-Hall Prentice Hall was an American major educational publisher owned by Savvas Learning Company. Prentice Hall publishes print and digital content for the 6–12 and higher-education market, and distributes its technical titles through the Safari B ...

, 1952. *''Successful Photography.'' New York: Prentice-Hall, 1954. And later editions. **''Das Buch der Fotografie.'' Frankfurt: Büchergilde Gutenberg, 1961. German translation. **''Framgångsrik fotografering.'' Stockholm: Bonnier, 1958. Swedish translation. **''Hyvä valokuvaaja.'' Helsinki: Tammi, 1957. Finnish translation. **''Il libro della fotografia: Tecnica e applicazioni.'' Milan: Garzanti, 1961. Italian translation. Also later editions. *''Successful Color Photography.'' New York: Prentice-Hall, 1954. And later editions. **''Das Buch der Farbfotografie.'' Düsseldorf: Econ, 1961. German translation. **''Värivalokuvaaja.'' Helsinki: Tammi, 1958. Finnish translation. **''Il libro della fotografia a colori.'' Milan: Garzanti, 1962. Italian translation. Also later editions. *''The Creative Photographer.'' Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1955. And later editions. **''Der Schlüssel zur Fotografie von Heute.'' Düsseldorf: Econ, 1958. German translation. **''Skapande fotografering.'' Stockholm: Bonnier, 1958. Swedish translation. **''Fotograful creator.'' Bucharest: Editura Meridiane, 1967. Romanian translation. *''Total Picture Control: A Personal Approach to Photography.'' New York: Crown, 1961. New York: Amphoto, 1970. *''Die hohe Schule der Fotografie.'' Düsseldorf: Econ, 1961. And later editions. **''Andreas Feiningers fotoskole.'' Copenhagen: Grafisk Forlag, 1962. Danish translation. **''De hogere school der fotografie.'' Amsterdam: De Bussey, 1963. Dutch translation. **''Vysoká škola fotografie.'' Prague: Orbis, 1968. Czech translation. **''A Manual of Advanced Photography.'' London: Thames & Hudson, 1962. Revised edition, London: Thames & Hudson, 1970. *''Voir: Précis sur la technique et l'art d'exceller en photographie.'' Lausanne: Edita, 1961. *''Arte y técnica en fotografía: Cómo perfeccionar sus fotos.'' Madrid: Mediterráneo, 1968. *''Cómo hacer buenas fotografías: Un curso completo sobre la mecánica, la técnica y las aplicaciones de la fotografía.'' Madrid: Mediterráneo, 1968. Madrid: Mediterráneo, 1980. . *''The Complete Photographer.'' Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1965. London: Thames & Hudson, 1965. And later editions. *''Die neue Foto-Lehre.'' Düsseldorf: Econ, 1965. **''La nuova tecnica della fotografia.'' Milan: Garzanti, 1966. Italian translation. *''Fotograferen van A–Z: Een nieuw handboek der fotografie.'' Amsterdam: De Bussy, 1965. *''Basic Color Photography.'' 1969. *''The Color Photo Book.'' Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1969. **''Kleurenfotografie van A–Z.'' Amsterdam: De Bussy, 1969. Dutch translation. *''The Complete Colour Photographer.'' Thames & Hudson, 1969. *''Farbfotolehre. Neu bearbeitete Ausgabe des berühmten Standardwerkes.'' Munich: Heyne, 1969. . *''Photographic Seeing.'' 1973. *''Principles of Composition.'' 1973. *''Darkroom Techniques.'' 1974. *''The Perfect Photograph.'' 1974. *''Roots of Art.'' 1974. *''Light and Lighting in Photography.'' 1976.

Other pictorial books

*''Stockholm.'' Stockholm: A. Bonnier, 1936. In Swedish and English. *''Hedenhös och medeltid.'' Forna dagars Sverige. Copenhagen, 1941. By Feininger and Gustaf Näsström. *''Vasatid och karolinsk tid.'' Forna dagars Sverige. Copenhagen, 1941. By Feininger and Gustaf Näsström. *''Frihetstid och Gustaviansk tid.'' Forna dagars Sverige. Copenhagen, 1941. By Feininger and Gustaf Näsström. *''New York.'' Chicago:

Ziff-Davis Ziff Davis, Inc. is an American digital media and internet company. First founded in 1927 by William Bernard Ziff Sr. and Bernard George Davis, the company primarily owns technology-oriented media websites, online shopping-related services, an ...

, 1945. Introduction by John Erskine, text by Jacquelyn Judge. *''The Face of New York: The City as It Was and as It Is.'' New York: Crown, 1954. Text by Susan E. Lyman. *''Changing America: The Land as It Was and How Man Has Changed It.'' New York: Crown, 1955. Text by Patricia Dyett. *''The Anatomy of Nature: How Function Shapes the Form and Design of Animate and Inanimate Structures throughout the Universe.'' New York: Crown, 1956. London: Thomas Yoseloff, 1956. New York: Dover, 1979. **''Vorm en functie in de natuur: 170 foto's.'' Delft: W. Gaade, 1956. Dutch translation. **''Das Antlitz der Natur.'' Munich: Knaur, 1957. Zurich: Buchclub Ex Libris, 1957. German translation. **''Anatomía de la naturaleza: De cómo la función crea la forma en las estructuras animadas e inanimadas de entero universo.'' Barcelona: Jano, 1962. Spanish translation. *''Frauen und Göttinnen von der Steinzeit bis zu Picasso.'' Cologne: M. DuMont Schauberg, 1960. Text by J. Bon. **''Maids, Madonnas, and Witches: Women in Sculpture from Prehistoric Times to Picasso.'' New York:

Abrams Abrams may refer to: * Abrams (surname), a list of notable people with the surname * '' Abrams v. United States'', 250 U.S. 616 (1919), U.S. Supreme Court decision regarding free speech during times of war * M1 Abrams, main battle tank * Abrams, W ...

, 1961. English translation. Introduction by

Henry Miller Henry Valentine Miller (December 26, 1891 – June 7, 1980) was an American novelist. He broke with existing literary forms and developed a new type of semi-autobiographical novel that blended character study, social criticism, philosophical ref ...

. **''The Image of Woman: Women in Sculpture from Pre-historic Times to the Present Day.'' London:

Thames & Hudson Thames & Hudson (sometimes T&H for brevity) is a publisher of illustrated books in all visually creative categories: art, architecture, design, photography, fashion, film, and the performing arts. It also publishes books on archaeology, history, ...

, 1961. English translation. Introduction by Henry Miller. *''Andreas Feininger fotografiert Steine.'' Düsseldorf: Econ, 1960. About architecture; with an introduction by Kasimir Edschmid. **''Man and Stone: A Journey into the Past.'' New York: Crown, 1961. English translation. **''Andreas Feininger fotografeert steen.'' Haarlem: Gottmer, 1962. Dutch translation. **''Stone and Man: A Photographic Exploration.'' New York: Dover, 1979. *''New York.'' New York: Crown, 1964; New York:

Viking Vikings ; non, víkingr is the modern name given to seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded and se ...

, 1964. London: Thames & Hudson, 1964. Text by Kate Simon. **''New York.'' Düsseldorf: Econ, 1964. German translation. *''Lyonel Feininger: City at the Edge of the World.'' New York: Praeger, 1965. Text by

. **''Lyonel Feininger. Die Stadt am Ende der Welt.'' Munich: Rütten & Loening, 1965. German translation. *''Forms of Nature and Life.'' New York: Viking Press, 1966. **''Die Sprache der Natur.'' Düsseldorf: Econ, 1966. German translation. *''Form in Nature and Life.'' London: Thames & Hudson, 1966. *''Trees.'' New York: Viking Press, 1968. London: Thames & Hudson, 1968. Harmondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1978. . New York: Viking Press, 1978. . New York: Rizzoli, 1991. . **''Wunderbare Welt der Bäume und Wälder.'' Vienna: Econ, 1968. German translation. *''Lyonel Feininger.'' New York:

Marlborough-Gerson Marlborough Fine Art was founded in London in 1946 by Frank Lloyd and Harry Fischer. In 1963, a gallery was opened as Marlborough-Gerson in Manhattan, New York, at the Fuller Building on Madison Avenue and 57th Street (Manhattan), 57th Street, ...

Gallery, 1969. Text by

Peter Selz Peter Howard Selz (March 27, 1919 – June 21, 2019) was a German-born American art historian and museum director and curator who specialized in German Expressionism. Biography Peter Selz was born in Munich of Jewish parents. In 1936, aged 17, h ...

. *''Shells.'' 1972. *''Feininger's Hamburg.'' 1980. *''Feininger's Chicago.'' 1981. *''Industrial America.'' 1981. *''Leaves. New York.'' 1984. *''In a Grain of Sand: Exploring Design by Nature.'' San Francisco: Sierra Club, 1986. *''Stockholm 1933–1939.'' Stockholm: Stockholms Stadsmuseum, 1991. .

Monographs

*''Die Welt neu gesehen. Ein Querschnitt meiner Arbeit.'' Vienna: Econ, 1963. **''The World Through My Eyes: 30 Years of Photography.'' New York: Crown, 1963. English translation. **''The World Through My Eyes.'' London: Thames & Hudson, 1964. English translation. **''Regards sur le monde: 30 années d'art photographique.'' Brussels: Meddens 1964. French translation. **''Il mondo come io lo vedo.'' Milan: Garzanti, 1964. Italian translation. **''Met andere ogen gezien.'' Amsterdam: De Bussy, 1964. Dutch translation. *''Andreas Feininger.'' 1973. Text by Ralph Hattersley. *''Andreas Feininger, That's Photography.'' Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 2004. . 320 pages, 210 photographs, texts. *''Andreas Feininger. A Photographer's Life. 1906–1999.'' Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 2010. . 192 pages, 129 photographs, text.

References and notes

External links

Gerhard Bissell Gerhard is a name of Germanic origin and may refer to: Given name * Gerhard (bishop of Passau) (fl. 932–946), German prelate * Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (1292–1340), German prince, regent of Denmark * Gerhard Barkhorn (1919–19 ...

/Françoise Denoyelle
''Feininger, Andreas''
in: ''

Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon Thieme-Becker is a German biographical dictionary of artists. Thieme-Becker The dictionary was begun under the editorship of Ulrich Thieme (1865–1922) (volumes one to fifteen) and Felix Becker (1864–1928) (volumes one to four). It was complet ...

(Artists of the World)'', Vol. 37,

Saur Saur may refer to: * Saur (company) a French utility company * Saur (restaurant), Michelin starred restaurant in The Hague, Netherlands * Dog king - a Scandinavian tradition * Saur 1 - an APC developed by ROMARM * K. G. Saur Verlag, German publ ...

Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the States of Germany, German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the List of cities in Germany by popu ...

2003, pp. 549–550 (in German).
Introduction to Feininger at George Eastman HouseAndreas Feininger PhotographsPhotographs by Andreas Feininger from the collections at the Museum of the City of New YorkBiography
– Andreas Bernhard Lyonel Feininger

at the New-York Historical Society

at the

National Gallery of Canada The National Gallery of Canada (french: Musée des beaux-arts du Canada), located in the capital city of Ottawa, Ontario, is Canada's national art museum. The museum's building takes up , with of space used for exhibiting art. It is one of the l ...

, Ottawa, Ontario. {{DEFAULTSORT:Feininger, Andreas 1906 births 1999 deaths 20th-century American photographers Bauhaus alumni German emigrants to the United States Photography in Sweden American portrait photographers Life (magazine) photojournalists Writers on photographic techniques French emigrants to Germany