Alan M. Rugman (1945-2014) was a leading scholar in the field of international business. In his last academic role, he served as Head of International Business and Strategy at

Henley Business School Henley Business School is a business school which now forms part of the University of Reading. It was formed by merging the previously independent Henley Management College (formerly the Administrative Staff College) with the existing business ...

, University of Reading in Reading, UK."Alan M. Rugman HBS"
HBS. Retrieved 19 October 2013

Biography

The English-born Rugman earned his B.A. in

economics Economics () is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics analyzes ...

from

Leeds University , mottoeng = And knowledge will be increased , established = 1831 – Leeds School of Medicine1874 – Yorkshire College of Science1884 - Yorkshire College1887 – affiliated to the federal Victoria University1904 – University of Leeds , ...

in 1966, followed by an M.Sc. in economic development (1967) from

London University The University of London (UoL; abbreviated as Lond or more rarely Londin in post-nominals) is a federal public research university located in London, England, United Kingdom. The university was established by royal charter in 1836 as a degree- ...

(SOAS). He later became a Canadian citizen and earned his Ph.D. in economics in 1974 from

Simon Fraser University Simon Fraser University (SFU) is a public research university in British Columbia, Canada, with three campuses, all in Greater Vancouver: Burnaby (main campus), Surrey, and Vancouver. The main Burnaby campus on Burnaby Mountain, located ...

Vancouver, British Columbia Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the city, up from 631,486 in 2016. The ...

, Canada."Alan_M._Rugman_AIB"_AIB._Retrieved_19_October
,2013_He_died_in_July_2014. Rugman_has_held_academic_posts_at_the_University_of_Toronto.html" ;"title="19 October">"Alan M. Rugman AIB" AIB. Retrieved 19 October
,2013 He died in July 2014. Rugman has held academic posts at the University of Toronto">19 October">"Alan M. Rugman AIB" AIB. Retrieved 19 October
,2013 He died in July 2014. Rugman has held academic posts at the University of Toronto, Dalhousie University, University of Winnipeg, University of Oxford, and Indiana University, and visiting professor positions at several other major universities including Columbia University Business School,

Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of high ...

, M.I.T, and

London Business School London Business School (LBS) is a business school and a constituent college of the federal University of London. LBS was founded in 1964 and awards post-graduate degrees (Master's degrees in management and finance, MBA and PhD). Its motto is " ...

. He is a Fellow of the

Academy of International Business Academy of International Business (AIB) is the leading association of international business scholars and specialists. Established in 1959, it has over 3400 members in about 90 countries. Membership is open to organizations as well as individual ...

(AIB) and was president of AIB from 2004 to 2006. He served as outside advisor to two Canadian prime ministers on issues of trade, FDI and international competitiveness, and in such capacity advised on the negotiation and adoption of the North American Free Trade Agreement.

Regional nature of the MNE

While the conversation in academia and the public surrounding "globalization" grew in the late 1990s and early 2000s and works such as Thomas Friedman's ''The World is Flat'' gained notoriety, Rugman proposed that most of the world's largest firms are mainly regional Westney, D.E. (2006) Review of ''The Regional Multinationals: MNEs and 'Global' Strategic Management by Alan M. Rugman'', Journal of International Business Studies, 37(3), 445-449.

Selected publications

Rugman authored or coauthored more than 400 publications including books, book chapters and journal articles."Google Scholar"
Alan M. Rugman Google Scholar Profile Selected books *Rugman, A.M. (1979) ''International Diversification and the Multinational Enterprise'', Lexington Books. *Rugman, A.M. (1981) ''Inside the Multinationals: The Economics of Internal Markets'', Columbia University Press. *Rugman, A.M. (2001) ''The End of Globalization'', Random House. *Rugman, A.M. and D'Cruz, J.R. (2003) ''Multinationals as Flagship Firms'', Oxford University Press. *Rugman, A.M. (2005) ''The Regional Multinationals. MNEs and "Global" Strategic Management'', Cambridge University Press. Selected journal articles *Rugman, A.M. (1976) "Risk reduction by international diversification", ''Journal of International Business Studies'', 7 (2), 75-80. *Dunning, J.H. and Rugman, A.M. (1985) "The influence of Hymer's dissertation on the theory of foreign direct investment", ''American Economic Review'', 75 (2, Papers and Proceedings of the Ninety-Seventh Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association), 228-232. *Rugman, A.M. and Verbeke, A. (1992) "A note on the transnational solution and the transaction cost theory of multinational strategic management", ''Journal of International Business Studies'', 23 (4), 761-771. *Rugman, A.M. and Verbeke, A. (1998) "Corporate strategy and international environmental policy", ''Journal of International Business Studies'', 29 (4), 819-833. *Rugman, A.M. and Verbeke, A. (2001) "Subsidiary-specific advantages in multinational enterprises", ''Strategic Management Journal'', 22 (3), 237-250. *Rugman, A.M. and Verbeke, A. (2002) "Edith Penrose's contribution to the resource-based view of strategic management", ''Strategic Management Journal'', 23 (8), 769-780. *Rugman, A.M. and Verbeke, A. (2003) "Extending the theory of the multinational enterprise: internalization and strategic management perspective", ''Journal of International Business Studies'', 34, 125-137. *Rugman, A.M. and Verbeke, A. (2004) "A perspective on regional and global strategies of multinational enterprises", ''Journal of International Business Studies'', 35 (1), 3-18.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rugman, Alan M. Academics of the University of Oxford Simon Fraser University alumni Living people 1945 births Academics of the University of Reading Academic staff of the University of Toronto Academic staff of the Dalhousie University