The

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...

of China ruled over the

Mongolian Plateau The Mongolian Plateau is the part of the Central Asian Plateau lying between 37°46′-53°08′N and 87°40′-122°15′E and having an area of approximately . It is bounded by the Greater Hinggan Mountains in the east, the Yin Mountains to ...

, including

Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Its border includes most of the length of China's border with the country of Mongolia. Inner Mongolia also accounts for a ...

and

Outer Mongolia Outer Mongolia was the name of a territory in the Manchu people, Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China from 1691 to 1911. It corresponds to the modern-day independent state of Mongolia and the Russian republic of Tuva. The historical region gain ...

. Both regions, however, were separately administered within the empire. The estate of Jebtsundamba Khutugtu, the Great (from Mongolian , disciple) in 1723, became independent from the four in the sense that its subjects were exempt from most taxes and corvees. The did not—except the three Darkhad in Khövsgöl—control territory. Rather, its subjects mostly lived among the general population. Similar existed for other high lamas.

Direct control

The direct-controlled Mongols () were

banners A banner can be a flag or another piece of cloth bearing a symbol, logo, slogan or another message. A flag whose design is the same as the shield in a coat of arms (but usually in a square or rectangular shape) is called a banner of arms. Also ...

() controlled by provinces, generals and

ambasa Ambasa (アンバサ) is a milk-based soft drink sold by The Coca-Cola Company in Japan. It was introduced in 1982. The company also brought the brand into South Korea in 1984. Variants of this drink, like non-carbonated or fruits (melon and strawb ...

. The following regions were directly controlled by the

Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) an ...

: * Chakhar (

Zhili Province Zhili, alternately romanized as Chihli, was a northern administrative region of China since the 14th-century that lasted through the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty until 1911, when the region was dissolved, converted to a province, and renamed ...

) * Dariganga - Qing emperor's pasture, where the best horses from both Inner and Outer Mongolia were collected and mastered by the Dariganga tribe. It was controlled from Kalgan. Today's location is Dariganga , Sukhbaatar province, Mongolia. * Guihua Town Tümed (

Shanxi Shanxi (; ; formerly romanised as Shansi) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China and is part of the North China region. The capital and largest city of the province is Taiyuan, while its next most populated prefecture-leve ...

) * Barga (

Heilongjiang Heilongjiang () Postal romanization, formerly romanized as Heilungkiang, is a Provinces of China, province in northeast China. The standard one-character abbreviation for the province is (). It was formerly romanized as "Heilungkiang". It is th ...

) *

Tannu Uriankhai Tannu Uriankhai ( tyv, Таңды Урянхай, ; mn, Тагна Урианхай, Tagna Urianhai, ; ) is a historical region of the Mongol Empire (and its principal successor, the Yuan dynasty) and, later, the Qing dynasty. The territory ...

5 banners and 46 or 47 (Governor general of Uliastai) * Myanghad Banner, Zakhchin Banner and Ööld Banner ( Khovd) *

Altai Uriankhai The Altai Uriankhai (Mongolian Cyrillic: , ; ) refers to a Mongol tribe around the Altai Mountains that was organized by the Qing dynasty. They now form a subgroup in western Mongolia and eastern Xinjiang. The Uriyangkhai or Uriankhai peo ...

and Altai Nuur Uriankhai (Khovd) * Damxung Mongolians (

Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ) is a region in East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are some other ethnic groups such as Monpa people, ...

)

Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia's original 24 () were replaced by 49 banners (s) that would later be organized into six leagues (, assemblies). The eight Chakhar banners and the two Tümed banners around Guihua were directly administered by the Manchu. * Jirim League **

Khorchin The Khorchin ( mn, Хорчин, ''Horçin''; ''Qorčin''; ) are a subgroup of the Mongols that speak the Khorchin dialect of Mongolian and predominantly live in northeastern Inner Mongolia of China. History The Ming dynasty gave Borjigi ...

6 banners **

Jalaid The Jalaid ( Khalkha-Mongolian: Жалайд/Jalaid; ) are a Southern Mongol subgroup in Jalaid Banner, in China. They are descendants of the Jalair Mongols. See also * Jalairs * Demographics of China '' The demographics of China demonstr ...

1 banner **Dörbet 1 banner **

Gorlos The Gorlos ( Khalkha-Mongolian:Горлос/Gorlos; ) are a Southern Mongol subgroup in Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County, China. See also * Gorlos (redirect page) * Demographics of China '' The demographics of China demonstrate a huge ...

1 banner * Josotu League **

Kharchin The Kharchin (, ; ), or Kharachin, is a subgroup of the Mongols residing mainly (and originally) in North-western Liaoning and Chifeng, Inner Mongolia. There are Khalkha-Kharchin Mongols in Dorno-Gobi Province (Kharchin Örtöö was part of the ...

3 banners *** Kharchin Right Banner *** Kharchin Middle Banner *** Kharchin Left Banner **

Tümed The Tümed (Tumad, ; "The many or ten thousands" derived from Tumen) are a Mongol subgroup. They live in Tumed Left Banner, district of Hohhot and Tumed Right Banner, district of Baotou in China. Most engage in sedentary agriculture, living in m ...

2 banners * Juu Uda League ** Aokhan 1 banner **Naiman 1 banner **

Baarin Baarin ( ar, بعرين, ''Baʿrīn'' or ''Biʿrīn'') is a village in northern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located in Homs Gap roughly southwest of Hama. Nearby localities include Taunah and Awj to the south, Aqrab and ...

2 banners ** Jarud 2 banners **Ar

2 banners ** Onginuud 1 banner ** Kesigten 1 banner **Züün

Khalkha The Khalkha ( Mongolian: mn, Халх, Halh, , zh, 喀爾喀) have been the largest subgroup of Mongol people in modern Mongolia since the 15th century. The Khalkha, together with Chahars, Ordos and Tumed, were directly ruled by Borjigin k ...

1 banner *

Xilin Gol League Xilingol, Xilin Gol, Shiliin Gol or Xilinguole Aimag/League (; mn, , , , ) is one of 3 leagues of Inner Mongolia. The seat is Xilinhot, and the area is . The league's economy is based on mining and agriculture. Xilingol borders Mongolia to t ...

** Üzemchin 2 banners **

Khuuchid The Huuchid ( Khalkha-Mongolian: ''Хуучид''/Huuchid; ; "The old/ancient ones") are a power clan of the Chahar . The name probably derives from Mongolian word "huuchin," meaning "old/aged." See also * Demographics of China * List of med ...

2 banners ** Sünid 2 banners ** Abga 2 banners ** Abganar 2 banners * Ulanqab League ** Dörben Khüükhed 1 banner ** Muu Myangan 1 banner ** Urad 3 banners **Baruun

1 banner * Ihe Juu League **

Ordos Mongols The Ordos (Mongolian Cyrillic: Ордос; ) are a Mongol subgroup that live in Uxin Banner, Inner Mongolia of China. Ordos literally means plural of Ordo. The Three Tribes of Uriyangkhaid, Tümed in north Shanxi, Ordos Mongols in Ordos and n ...

7 banners

Outer Mongolia (''Khalkha'')

The Khalkha were preserved—with the notable exception of the establishment of Sain Noyan in 1725. Each had a , usually named after the place (mountains or rivers) where it convened. The were divided into banners - whose number increased from originally eight eventually to 86—and further into . A consisted of 150 men fit for military service, a of 50.S. Demberel et al., ''BNMAU-yn tüükhiin zarim ner tomyoo, on tsagiin tailbar toli'', Ulaanbaatar 1991, p. 18, 65 A military governor was installed in Uliastai, and two civil governors () in Khüree and in Kobdo. *Ochirbatu Tüshiyetu Khan ''aimag'' 20 banners **Gobi Tüshiye Gong **Darhan Chin Wang **Zorigtu Wang **Gobi Mergen Wang **Erdeni Daichin Wang **Daichin Beise *Sain Noyan 24 banners **Sain Noyan 22 banners **Ööld Banner **Ööld Front Banner *Maha Samadhi Secen Khan 23 banners **Borjigin Secen Wang **Achitu Wang **Secen Chin Wang **Sang Beise **Höbchi yin Jinong Wang **Hurtsa Wang **Dalai Darhan Beile *Zasagtu Khan 19 banners ** Erdeni Bishireltu Zasagtu Khan ** Akhai Beile ** Dalai Gong ** Mergen Gong ** Degüregchi Wang ** Tsogtoi Beise ** Chin Achit Wang ** Zorigtu Wang ** Jilhanza Hutuhtu ** Ilagugsan Hutuhtu ** Sartaul Secen Hang ** Bagatur Wang ** Erdeni Beise ** Darhan Beile ** Daichin Wang ** Süjigtu Gong ** Üizen Beise ** Nomun Khan Hutuhtu ** Ilden Gong ** Bishireltu Gong ** Itgemjitu Beile ** Yosotu Beise ** Jinong Wang

Tannu Uriankhai

*Tannu Banner () *Salajik Banner () *Tojin Banner () *Khövsgöl Nuur Banner () **Ar Shirkhten Uriankhai 1 () **Övör Shirkhten Uriankhai 1 *Khemchik Banner () *Uliastai General (Amban) 25 () *Zasagtu Khan 5 () *Sain Noyan Hošo Prince 13 () *Jebtsundamba Khutugtu’s Darkhad Shabinar 5 ()

Western Hetao Mongolia

*Alasha Ööled Banner (modern-day Alxa left and right banners in

Alxa League Alxa League or Ālāshàn League (; mn, , Mongolian Cyrillic. Алшаа аймаг) is one of 12 prefecture level divisions and 3 extant leagues of Inner Mongolia. The league borders Mongolia to the north, Bayan Nur to the northeast, Wuha ...

, Inner Mongolia) *Ejine Torghuud Banner (modern-day Ejina banner in Alxa League, Inner Mongolia)

Other Mongolian banners

Kobdo

Thirty : * Batu Irugertu Tögs Khülug Dalai Khan ** Batu Irugertu Tögs Khülug Dalai Khan ** Kobdo Taiachin ** Daichin Zasag ** Dalai Gong ** Jinong Zasag ** Erdeni Zasag ** Erhe Zasag ** Bagatur Zasag ** Mergen Zasag ** Iltei Zasag ** Secen Zasag ** Hurtsa Gong ** Saragul Gong * Ünen Zorigtu Khan * Altai Uriankhai 7 banners ** Daichin Gong Banner ** Tusalagchi Gong Banner ** Torghuud, Khoshuud 3 banners ** Zakhchin Örnö, Dorno Banner ** Hovd Tümed Tariachin Banner

Qinghai Mongols

* Khoshuud 21 banners * Choros 2 banners **Choros North Middle Banner **Choros South Right Wing First Banner * Khoyid 1 banner **Khoyid South Banner * Torghuud 4 banners **Torghuud West Banner **Torghuud South Front Banner **Torghuud South Middle Banner **Torghuud South Rear Banner * Khalkha 1 banner **Khalkha South Right Banner

Xinjiang

13 banners (in modern-day

Xinjiang Xinjiang, SASM/GNC: ''Xinjang''; zh, c=, p=Xīnjiāng; formerly romanized as Sinkiang (, ), officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwes ...

)

References

{{Qing dynasty topics Mongolia under Qing rule

Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million ...