AMS Euler is an
upright cursive typeface
A typeface (or font family) is the design of lettering that can include variations in size, weight (e.g. bold), slope (e.g. italic), width (e.g. condensed), and so on. Each of these variations of the typeface is a font.
There are list of type ...
, commissioned by the
American Mathematical Society
The American Mathematical Society (AMS) is an association of professional mathematicians dedicated to the interests of mathematical research and scholarship, and serves the national and international community through its publications, meetings, ...
(AMS) and designed and created by
Hermann Zapf
Hermann Zapf (; 8 November 1918 – 4 June 2015) was a German type designer and calligrapher who lived in Darmstadt, Germany. He was married to the calligrapher and typeface designer Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse. Typefaces he designed include Pa ...
with the assistance of
Donald Knuth
Donald Ervin Knuth ( ; born January 10, 1938) is an American computer scientist, mathematician, and professor emeritus at Stanford University. He is the 1974 recipient of the ACM Turing Award, informally considered the Nobel Prize of computer sc ...
and his Stanford graduate students. It tries to emulate a mathematician's style of handwriting mathematical entities on a blackboard, which is upright rather than
italic. It blends very well with other typefaces made by
Hermann Zapf
Hermann Zapf (; 8 November 1918 – 4 June 2015) was a German type designer and calligrapher who lived in Darmstadt, Germany. He was married to the calligrapher and typeface designer Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse. Typefaces he designed include Pa ...
, such as
Palatino
Palatino is the name of an old-style serif typeface designed by Hermann Zapf, initially released in 1949 by the Stempel foundry and later by other companies, most notably the Mergenthaler Linotype Company.
Named after the 16th-century Italia ...
,
Aldus Aldus may refer to:
People
* Aldus Manutius, a Venetian publisher who popularized small personal volumes
* Aldus Manutius the Younger, grandson of Aldus Manutius
Businesses
* Aldine Press, the printing office founded by Aldus Manutius
* Aldus Cor ...
and
Melior, but very badly with the default
TeX
Tex may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Tex (nickname), a list of people and fictional characters with the nickname
* Joe Tex (1933–1982), stage name of American soul singer Joseph Arrington Jr.
Entertainment
* ''Tex'', the Italian ...
font
Computer Modern
Computer Modern is the original family of typefaces used by the typesetting program TeX. It was created by Donald Knuth with his Metafont program, and was most recently updated in 1992. Computer Modern, or variants of it, remains very widely us ...
. All the alphabets were implemented with the computer-assisted design system
Metafont developed by Knuth. Zapf designed and drew the Euler alphabets in 1980–81 and provided critique and advice of digital proofs in 1983 and later. The typeface family is copyright by American Mathematical Society, 1983. Euler
Metafont development was done by Stanford computer science and/or digital typography students; first
Scott Kim
Scott Kim is an American puzzle and video game designer, artist, and author of Korean descent. He started writing an occasional "Boggler" column for ''Discover'' magazine in 1990, and became an exclusive columnist in 1999, and created hundreds of ...
, then
Carol Twombly
Carol Twombly (born June 13, 1959) is an American designer, best known for her type design. She worked as a type designer at Adobe Systems from 1988 through 1999, during which time she designed, or contributed to the design of, many typefaces, in ...
and Daniel Mills, and finally
David Siegel, all assisted by John Hobby. Siegel finished the Metafont Euler digitization project as his M.S. thesis in 1985.
The AMS Euler typeface is named after
Leonhard Euler
Leonhard Euler ( , ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician and engineer who founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made pioneering and influential discoveries in ma ...
.
First implemented in
METAFONT, AMS Euler was first used in the book ''
Concrete Mathematics
''Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for Computer Science'', by Ronald Graham, Donald Knuth, and Oren Patashnik, first published in 1989, is a textbook that is widely used in computer-science departments as a substantive but light-hearted treatmen ...
'', which was co-authored by Knuth and dedicated to Euler.
This volume also saw the debut of Knuth's
Concrete Roman
Concrete Roman is a slab serif typeface designed by Donald Knuth using his METAFONT program. It was intended to accompany the Euler mathematical font which it partners in Knuth's book ''Concrete Mathematics''. It has a darker appearance than its ...
font, designed to complement AMS Euler. The Euler Metafont format fonts were converted to
PostScript Type 1
PostScript fonts are font files encoded in outline font specifications developed by Adobe Systems for professional digital typesetting. This system uses PostScript file format to encode font information.
"PostScript fonts" may also separately ...
font format by the efforts of several people, including
Berthold Horn at Y&Y, Barry Smith at Bluesky Research, and Henry Pinkham and Ian Morrison at Projective Solutions. It is now also available in
TrueType
TrueType is an outline font standard developed by Apple in the late 1980s as a competitor to Adobe's Type 1 fonts used in PostScript. It has become the most common format for fonts on the classic Mac OS, macOS, and Microsoft Windows operating sy ...
format.
Reshaping Euler
In 2009,
AMS AMS or Ams may refer to:
Organizations Companies
* Alenia Marconi Systems
* American Management Systems
* AMS (Advanced Music Systems)
* ams AG, semiconductor manufacturer
* AMS Pictures
* Auxiliary Medical Services
Educational institutions
* A ...
released version 3.0 of AMS fonts, in which
Hermann Zapf
Hermann Zapf (; 8 November 1918 – 4 June 2015) was a German type designer and calligrapher who lived in Darmstadt, Germany. He was married to the calligrapher and typeface designer Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse. Typefaces he designed include Pa ...
reshaped many of the Euler glyphs, with implementation and assistance from
Hans Hagen
Hans Hagen (born 1953) is a professor of computer science at the University of Kaiserslautern. His main research interests are scientific visualization and geometric modelling.
From 1999 to 2003 he was the editor in chief of ''IEEE Transactions o ...
,
Taco Hoekwater
A taco (, , ) is a traditional Mexican food consisting of a small hand-sized corn- or wheat-based tortilla topped with a filling. The tortilla is then folded around the filling and eaten by hand. A taco can be made with a variety of filling ...
, and Volker RW Schaa.
The updated version 3.0 was presented to Donald Knuth on his birthday, January 10, 2008.
These updates were designed to work with the metrics for version 2.2, so no changes to the .tfm files were needed. Since the updates were made directly to the Type 1 files, the (incompatible)
Metafont sources have been removed from the distribution.
[AMSFonts README file]
/ref>
The reshaped version has been released under the OFL.OpenType math
OpenType is a format for scalable computer fonts. It was built on its predecessor TrueType, retaining TrueType's basic structure and adding many intricate data structures for prescribing typographic behavior. OpenType is a registered trademark o ...
features added.
References
External links
AMSFonts
*
User's Guide to AMSFonts
', version 2.2d January 2002, PDF document, 34 pages, file size: about 660 kB, which includes a section on the history of AMS Euler fonts.
* See als
video recording of presentation at TUG 2008
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ams Euler
Linotype typefaces
Script typefaces
TeX
Typefaces designed by Hermann Zapf
Typefaces designed by Donald Knuth
Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1983