2024 United States Senate elections

The 2024 United States Senate elections are scheduled to be held on November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States elections. 33 of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate will be contested in regular elections, the winners of which will serve six-year terms in the U.S. Congress from January 3, 2025, to January 3, 2031. Senators are divided into three groups, or classes, whose terms are staggered so that a different class is elected every two years. Class 1 senators were last elected in 2018, and will be up for election again in 2024. Numerous other federal, state, and local elections, including the U.S. presidential election and elections to the House, will also be held on this date.

As of December 2022, 16 senators (13 Democrats, two Republicans and one Independent caucused with Democrats) have announced plans to run for re-election. One Republican, Mike Braun, has announced an intention to retire. Another Republican, Ben Sasse, is reported to be resigning early to accept a position as president of the University of Florida; the governor of Nebraska will appoint an interim senator and a special election will take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections to fill the seat for the remainder of the term.

The map for these elections, like in the previous Class 1 Senate election in 2018, is considered by elections analysts to be unfavorable to Democrats, who will be defending 23 of the 33 seats of Class 1. Three Democrats in this class represent states won by Donald Trump in both 2016 and 2020 (Montana, Ohio, and West Virginia), while no Republicans represent states won by Joe Biden in 2020. Further, Democrats and Independents caucusing with Democrats are defending seats in six states that Biden won by a single-digit margin (Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Nevada, Michigan, Minnesota, and Maine) while Republicans are defending only two seats in states that Trump won by a single-digit margin (Florida and Texas). Additionally, former Democrat Kyrsten Sinema, whose seat Arizona is also up for election, has not said if she will continue to caucus with the Democrats. In the two most recent senate election cycles that coincided with presidential elections (2016 and 2020), only one senator (Republican Susan Collins of Maine in 2020) has been elected in a state that was won by the presidential nominee of the opposite party.

Partisan composition

All 33 Class 1 Senate seats and one Class 2 seat are up for election in 2024; Class 1 currently consists of 20 Democrats, 3 independents who caucus with the Senate Democrats, and 10 Republicans. If another vacancy occurs in other Class 2 or Class 3 Senate seats, that state might require a special election to take place during the 118th Congress, possibly concurrently with the other 2024 Senate elections.

Change in composition

Each block represents one of the one hundred seats in the U.S. Senate. "D#" is a Democratic/active senator, "I#" is an Independent senator, and "R#" is a Republican/active senator. They are arranged so that the parties are separated, and a majority is clear by crossing the middle.

Before the elections

Each block indicates an incumbent senator's actions going into the election.

After the elections

Retirements

As of November 2022, one Republican has announced plans to retire.

Race summary

Special elections during the preceding Congress

In each special election, the winner's term begins immediately after their election is certified by their state's government.

Elections are sorted by date then state.

Elections leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winners will be elected for the term beginning January 3, 2025.

Arizona

One-term independent Kyrsten Sinema was elected in 2018 as a Democrat with 50.0% of the vote. She left the Democratic Party in December 2022.

Due to Sinema's opposition to some of President Joe Biden's agenda, she is considered vulnerable to challengers from the Democratic Party. United States representative Ruben Gallego has been reported as a likely challenger.

California

Five-term Democrat Dianne Feinstein was re-elected in 2018 with 54.2% of the vote. Despite being 91 in 2024, Feinstein has filed paperwork to run. Feinstein's staff later clarified that this was due to election law technicalities; it was not indicative of her intentions in 2024.

Should Feinstein retire, U.S. representatives Ro Khanna, Barbara Lee, Katie Porter, and Adam Schiff have been speculated upon as possible candidates.

Connecticut

Two-term Democrat Chris Murphy was re-elected in 2018 with 59.5% of the vote. Murphy plans to run for a third term.

Delaware

Four-term Democrat Tom Carper was re-elected in 2018 with 60.0% of the vote. During the Democratic primary of that race, Carper implied that he might retire in 2024, and, when asked about it, said, "This may be the last time."

Florida

Former governor and incumbent one-term Republican Rick Scott was elected in 2018 with 50.1% of the vote. He is running for reelection to a second term.

Outgoing U.S. representative Stephanie Murphy has expressed interest in challenging Scott.

Hawaii

Two-term Democrat Mazie Hirono was re-elected in 2018 with 71.2% of the vote. Hirono is running for a third term.

Indiana

One-term Republican Mike Braun was elected in 2018 with 50.8% of the vote. Braun is retiring to prepare to run for Governor of Indiana instead. Representative Victoria Spartz, outgoing representative Trey Hollingsworth, and Indiana attorney general and 2018 Senate candidate Todd Rokita are all seen as potential candidates for the Republican nomination to succeed him.

Maine

Two-term Independent incumbent Angus King was re-elected in 2018 with 54.3% of the vote. He plans to run for a third-term despite previously hinting that he may retire.

Maryland

Three-term Democrat Ben Cardin was re-elected in 2018 with 64.9% of the vote.

Massachusetts

Two-term Democrat Elizabeth Warren was re-elected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. On May 8, 2021, Warren confirmed that she plans to run for a third term.

Michigan

Four-term Democrat Debbie Stabenow was re-elected in 2018 with 52.3% of the vote. She is running for a fifth term.

Minnesota

Three-term Democrat Amy Klobuchar was re-elected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. She has announced her intent to run for a fourth term.

Mississippi

Two-term Republican Roger Wicker was re-elected in 2018 with 58.5% of the vote.

Missouri

One-term Republican Josh Hawley was elected in 2018 with 51.4% of the vote.

Montana

Three-term Democrat Jon Tester was re-elected in 2018 with 50.3% of the vote.

Nebraska

There will be two elections in Nebraska, due to the pending resignation of Ben Sasse.

Nebraska (regular)

Two-term Republican Deb Fischer was re-elected in 2018 with 57.7% of the vote. On May 14, 2021, Fischer announced she intends to seek re-election, despite previously declaring an intention to retire.

Democrat Alisha Shelton, a mental health practitioner from Omaha, plans to challenge Fischer.

Nebraska (special)

Two-term Republican Ben Sasse will resign his seat at the start of the 118th Congress to become President of the University of Florida. An interim replacement senator will be appointed by the incoming governor Jim Pillen and a special election for the seat will take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections.

Nevada

One-term Democrat Jacky Rosen was elected in 2018 with 50.4% of the vote. Rosen is running for a second term.

New Jersey

Three-term Democrat Bob Menendez was re-elected in 2018 with 54.0% of the vote. On July 13, 2021, ''The New Jersey Globe'' stated that Menendez plans to run for a fourth term.

New Mexico

Two-term Democrat Martin Heinrich was re-elected in 2018 with 54.1% of the vote. Heinrich has announced his intent to run for a third term.

New York

Two-term Democrat Kirsten Gillibrand was re-elected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote. Gillibrand is running for a third full term.

North Dakota

One-term Republican Kevin Cramer was elected in 2018 with 55.1% of the vote.

Democrat Kristin Hedger, a businesswoman and nominee for North Dakota secretary of state in 2006 has filed paperwork to run for this seat.

Ohio

Three-term Democrat Sherrod Brown was re-elected in 2018 with 53.4% of the vote. Brown is running for a fourth term.

Republican Ohio secretary of state Frank LaRose is considered a potential challenger to Brown.

Pennsylvania

Three-term Democrat Bob Casey, Jr., was re-elected in 2018 with 55.7% of the vote. Casey has announced his intention to run for a fourth term.

Republican businessman and candidate for U.S. Senate in 2022 David McCormick has expressed interest in challenging Casey.

Rhode Island

Three-term Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse was re-elected in 2018 with 61.4% of the vote.

Tennessee

One-term Republican Marsha Blackburn was elected in 2018 with 54.7% of the vote.

Texas

Two-term Republican Ted Cruz was re-elected in 2018 with 50.9% of the vote. Cruz is running for a third-term despite advocating for congressional term limits. He has also expressed interest in running for president in 2024.

Former U.S. representative Will Hurd has expressed interest in a primary challenge against Cruz.

Democratic U.S. representative Joaquin Castro and his twin brother Julian Castro, former San Antonio mayor, former United States secretary of housing and urban development and 2020 presidential candidate, are considered potential frontrunners for the Democratic nomination.

Utah

One-term Republican Mitt Romney was elected in 2018 with 62.6% of the vote. Romney has expressed uncertainty over his political future following his votes to convict Trump on impeachment. Utah attorney general Sean Reyes has expressed interest in challenging Romney in the Republican primary.

Former U.S. representative Jason Chaffetz is also seen as a potential primary challenger.

Vermont

Three-term independent Bernie Sanders was re-elected in 2018 with 67.4% of the vote.

Potential Democratic candidates include former Vermont attorney general, T. J. Donovan, and former Vermont lieutenant governor, David Zuckerman, a Progressive.

Virginia

Two-term Democrat Tim Kaine was re-elected in 2018 with 57.0% of the vote. Republican governor Glenn Youngkin is term-limited in 2025 and may run against Kaine.

Washington

Four-term Democrat Maria Cantwell was re-elected in 2018 with 58.3% of the vote. She has announced her intent to run for a fifth term.

West Virginia

Two-term Democrat Joe Manchin was re-elected in 2018 with 49.6% of the vote. There have been reports that Manchin plans to run for a third full term. However, on October 5, 2022, Manchin said, "What I do in 2024 has nothing to do with what I do right now," and is watching the 2022 elections before making a decision.

Republican congressman Alex Mooney has announced he is challenging Manchin, while governor Jim Justice and attorney general Patrick Morrisey have publicly expressed interest in entering the race.

Manchin has received cross-party endorsements from fellow senators Susan Collins (R-ME) and Lisa Murkowski (R-AK).

Wisconsin

Two-term Democrat Tammy Baldwin was re-elected in 2018 with 55.4% of the vote. She has announced her intention to run for a third term.

Wyoming

Two-term Republican John Barrasso was re-elected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote.

Notes

References

{{2024 United States elections