2017 clashes at the Turkish Ambassador's Residence in Washington, D.C.
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The Attack on protestors at the Turkish embassy in Washington, D.C. broke out on May 16, 2017, between Turkey's
Police Counter Attack Team Police Counter Attack Team ( tr, Polis Karşı Atak Timi) or simply CAT is one of the special forces unit of the General Directorate of Security. Unlike the Police Special Operations Department (PÖH), the unit specializes in executive protectio ...
and a crowd of protesters, some of whom carried flags of a Kurdish political party. According to Turkey, Turkish bodyguards were acting in
self-defense Self-defense (self-defence primarily in Commonwealth English) is a countermeasure that involves defending the health and well-being of oneself from harm. The use of the right of self-defense as a legal justification for the use of force in ...
and the protesters were tied to a terrorist group. However, according to US officials the Turkish bodyguards attacked the protesters unprovoked. A protest leader denied that any participants had ties to any terrorist group. Turkish President
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician serving as the List of presidents of Turkey, 12th and current president of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as prime minister of Turkey from 2003 to 2014 and as Lis ...
was in Washington that day to meet with U.S. President
Donald Trump Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021. Trump graduated from the Wharton School of the University of Pe ...
and observed the clashes from a distance. The clashes were decried as a Turkish attack on American protesters exercising their
First Amendment First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and rec ...
rights, which guarantees
freedom of speech Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction. The right to freedom of expression has been recogni ...
and assembly. Turkey declined to apologize for the incident, blaming the protestors for provoking the response. Of the 24 men who were filmed attacking protesters, nearly a month passed before any were charged with a crime. However, on June 6, a U.S. House resolution unanimously passed calling for all Turkish security guards involved to be charged and prosecuted under United States law. On June 14, two men were arrested for assault in connection to the attacks, while arrest warrants were issued for the bodyguards. The charges were dropped in March 2018, days before high level meetings between US Secretary of State
Rex Tillerson Rex Wayne Tillerson (born March 23, 1952) is an American engineer and energy executive who served as the 69th U.S. secretary of state from February 1, 2017, to March 31, 2018, under President Donald Trump. Prior to joining the Trump administ ...
and Erdoğan.


Clashes

On May 16, 2017, protesters critical of the policies of the Turkish Government gathered in front of the Turkish Ambassador's Residence in Washington on the same day Trump held a meeting with Erdoğan. Shortly after Erdoğan arrived at the ambassador's residence, tensions began to rise between the two sides of the protest. The D.C. police urged the pro-Erdoğan side to retreat. However, a video widely circulated on
social media Social media are interactive media technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, interests, and other forms of expression through virtual communities and networks. While challenges to the definition of ''social medi ...
showed that the pro-Erdoğan supporters and Turkish security guards instead dodged the police officers to attack the peaceful protesters. The attackers punched and kicked people lying on the ground in fetal position repeatedly, causing several to bleed. Another video showed Erdoğan watching the clashes from a distance, prompting speculation that Erdoğan personally ordered the attack. In the video, a member of Erdoğan's security detail speaks to him in his car. Subsequently, that member of the detail spoke to another member of the security detail who ran towards the crowd and appeared to instigate the clashes. Two men were arrested at the scene – one for aggravated assault and the other for assaulting a police officer. Two members of the presidential security detail were also detained, but were released after a short while.


Immediate reactions


United States

Immediately following the events, U.S. lawmakers condemned Turkey's actions during the clashes. Republican Senator
John McCain John Sidney McCain III (August 29, 1936 – August 25, 2018) was an American politician and United States Navy officer who served as a United States senator from Arizona from 1987 until his death in 2018. He previously served two terms ...
called for the expulsion of the Turkish ambassador. Democratic Senator Claire McCaskill agreed, saying "They were assaulting these people on US soil. Turkish Ambassador should be kicked out of country." A group of nearly 30 Democratic lawmakers, led by Representative
Carolyn Maloney Carolyn Jane Maloney (née Bosher, February 19, 1946) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for since 2013, and for from 1993 to 2013. The district includes most of Manhattan's East Side, Astoria and Long Island City i ...
, wrote a letter to Secretary of State
Rex Tillerson Rex Wayne Tillerson (born March 23, 1952) is an American engineer and energy executive who served as the 69th U.S. secretary of state from February 1, 2017, to March 31, 2018, under President Donald Trump. Prior to joining the Trump administ ...
demanding that the Turkish guards be "arrested, prosecuted and jailed." Tillerson said that he was going to wait for the findings from a State Department investigation before taking any action.
Peter Newsham Peter Newsham (born ) was the Chief of Police of the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia (MPD) from January 2017 to January 2021. He is currently Chief of the Prince William County Police Department in Virginia, having been ...
, the Chief of the Metropolitan police announced that nine people had to be taken to hospital due to the clashes. On May 18, Under Secretary of State Tom Shannon summoned Turkish Ambassador Serdar Kılıç after the events.


Washington, D.C.

D.C. Mayor
Muriel Bowser Muriel Elizabeth Bowser (born August 2, 1972) is an American politician serving since 2015 as the eighth mayor of the District of Columbia. A member of the Democratic Party, she previously represented the 4th ward as a member of the Council ...
called the clashes a "violent attack on a peaceful demonstration," and said it "is an affront to DC values and our rights as Americans." On May 17, the D.C. Police Department announced that two individuals had been arrested in connection with the clashes, and stated "The actions seen outside the Turkish Embassy yesterday in Washington, D.C. stand in contrast to the
First Amendment First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and rec ...
rights and principles we work tirelessly to protect each and every day." The department announced further cooperation with the United States State Department and
United States Secret Service The United States Secret Service (USSS or Secret Service) is a federal law enforcement agency under the Department of Homeland Security charged with conducting criminal investigations and protecting U.S. political leaders, their families, and ...
"to identify and hold all subjects accountable for their involvement in the altercation."


Turkey

The Turkish Embassy in Washington accused the protesters of starting the clashes by "aggressively provoking" Turkish-American citizens who had gathered to greet the president, leading them to respond in "self-defense". The embassies officials blamed the people affiliated with the
Kurdistan Workers' Party The Kurdistan Workers' Party or PKK is a Kurdish militant political organization and armed guerrilla movement, which historically operated throughout Kurdistan, but is now primarily based in the mountainous Kurdish-majority regions of south ...
(PKK), a group considered to be a terrorist organization by Turkey and United States, for the clashes. On May 18, Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu accused senior U.S. diplomat
Brett McGurk Brett H. McGurk (born April 20, 1973) is an American diplomat, attorney, and academic who served in senior national security positions under presidents George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump, and is currently the Deputy Assistant to Presi ...
of supporting the PKK. On May 22, Turkey summoned
U.S. Ambassador Ambassadors of the United States are persons nominated by the President of the United States, president to serve as the country's diplomat, diplomatic representatives to foreign nations, international organizations, and as Ambassador-at-large, ...
John R. Bass John Rodney Bass II (born 1964) is an American diplomat, who has served as the Under Secretary of State for Management since December 2021. He was the United States Ambassador to Afghanistan from 2017 to 2020, the United States Ambassador to Turk ...
and released a statement protesting "aggressive and unprofessional actions" by U.S. security personnel and called the United States to conduct a "full investigation of this diplomatic incident and provide the necessary explanation."


Aftermath


U.S. Congressional action

On June 6, 2017, the
U.S. House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they ...
called for the members of the security detail who were involved in the melee to be brought to justice. The resolution, which passed in a unanimous 397–0 vote, called for "any Turkish security official who directed or participated in efforts by Turkish security forces to suppress peaceful protests outside of the Turkish ambassador's residence" to be charged and prosecuted under U.S. law. The measure was similar to a Senate demand to waive diplomatic immunity for security forces involved in the assault. Congressman
Steny Hoyer Steny Hamilton Hoyer (born June 14, 1939) is an American politician and attorney serving as the United States House of Representatives, U.S. representative for since 1981 and as House majority leader, House Majority Leader since 2019. A Democrat ...
called the incident an outrage that the U.S. cannot tolerate. Congressman Ed Royce called the violence an "act of suppression on American soil".
Speaker of the House The speaker of a deliberative assembly, especially a legislative body, is its presiding officer, or the chair. The title was first used in 1377 in England. Usage The title was first recorded in 1377 to describe the role of Thomas de Hungerf ...
Paul Ryan Paul Davis Ryan (born January 29, 1970) is an American former politician who served as the List of Speakers of the United States House of Representatives, 54th speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 2015 to 2019. A member o ...
called for the Turkish government to "finally accept responsibility for this egregious incident and apologise to those who were harmed". The day following the vote, Turkey dismissed the resolution saying that it would "distort and politicize" matters and that the measure was "against the spirit of alliance and partnership" between the two countries.


Other countries

As a consequence of this violence, the German government, host of the
2017 G20 Hamburg summit The 2017 G20 Hamburg summit was the twelfth meeting of the Group of Twenty (G20), which was held on 7–8 July 2017, at Hamburg Messe, in the city of Hamburg, Germany. Agenda Apart from the recurring themes relating to global economic growt ...
in July 2017, reportedly rejected the attendance of twelve guards from Turkey's presidential security team.


Arrests and warrants

On June 14, 2017, two men, Sinan Narin of
Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...
and Eyup Yildirim of
New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...
, were arrested for aggravated assault in connection to the clashes. On June 15, the United States issued 16 arrest warrants, 12 of which were for presidential security guards involved in the clashes. President Erdoğan criticized the United States for issuing the arrest warrants, saying "They have issued arrest warrants for 12 of my bodyguards. What kind of law is this? If my bodyguards cannot protect me then why am I bringing them to America with me?". Erdoğan also claimed that D.C. police failed to intervene during the clashes. Turkey summoned Ambassador
John R. Bass John Rodney Bass II (born 1964) is an American diplomat, who has served as the Under Secretary of State for Management since December 2021. He was the United States Ambassador to Afghanistan from 2017 to 2020, the United States Ambassador to Turk ...
and stated that Turkish citizens cannot be held responsible for the clashes since U.S. and local security authorities failed to take the proper measures during Erdoğan's state visit. In August 2017, a
grand jury A grand jury is a jury—a group of citizens—empowered by law to conduct legal proceedings, investigate potential criminal conduct, and determine whether criminal charges should be brought. A grand jury may subpoena physical evidence or a pe ...
indicted 19 defendants in connection with the clashes. The 19 defendants included the 16 individuals criminally charged in June. Fifteen of the defendants are Turkish security officials. All the defendants were indicted on a charge of
conspiracy A conspiracy, also known as a plot, is a secret plan or agreement between persons (called conspirers or conspirators) for an unlawful or harmful purpose, such as murder or treason, especially with political motivation, while keeping their agree ...
to commit a crime of violence. Additionally, many of the defendants were indicted on charges such as assault with a dangerous weapon and
aggravated assault An assault is the act of committing physical harm or unwanted physical contact upon a person or, in some specific legal definitions, a threat or attempt to commit such an action. It is both a crime and a tort and, therefore, may result in crim ...
.


September phone call between Erdoğan and Trump

In a PBS NewsHour interview with Judy Woodruff on September 19, 2017, Erdoğan said that Trump had called him the previous week to apologize for the incident, and promised to follow up on it during future talks with the Turkish government. A spokesperson for the White House said that while many issues were discussed during the call, Trump had not offered an apology.


Charges dropped

In March 2018 the Department of Justice announced that it had dropped all charges against eleven of the fifteen members of the Turkish Presidential Counter Attack Team who had been charged with assault. The charges were dropped days before high-level meetings between Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and Erdoğan in Ankara. Tillerson told Erdoğan that the dropped charges were an example of how the U.S. had addressed Turkey's grievances. Contradicting earlier statements, State Department spokesperson
Heather Nauert Heather Ann Nauert (born January 27, 1970) is an American broadcast journalist and former government official who served as Spokesperson for the United States Department of State in the Donald Trump administration from 2017 to 2019. She is a seni ...
denied political pressure was behind the decision and claimed that a lack of evidence prompted them to drop the charges.


Civil lawsuits

In May 2018, two lawsuits were filed by victims of the Turkish attack. Fearing Turkish reprisal, many of the plaintiffs withheld their names from the case. One lawsuit filed on May 3 seeks more than $100 million in damages while the other requests an unspecified amount. The Turkish government claimed to be protected against legal action by sovereign immunity. On February 6, 2020, the
U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia The United States District Court for the District of Columbia (in case citations, D.D.C.) is a federal district court in the District of Columbia. It also occasionally handles (jointly with the United States District Court for the District of ...
ruled that Turkey was not protected by sovereign immunity, and that the case could proceed. In July 2020, the Turkish government appealed the sovereign immunity ruling to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. In January 2021, the Court ruled that the security details of the Turkish president were not protected from prosecution by any law, both domestic nor international, if they as was shown in the evidence reviewed were "strik ngand kick ng civilians who had fallen to the ground and did not represent any immediate threat to the
President of Turkey The president of Turkey, officially the president of the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanı), is the head of state and head of government of Turkey. The president directs the executive branch of the government of Tu ...
. The US
Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...
and the House of Representatives both also supported the prosecution of the involved security personnel. Turkey’s immunity arguments have now failed at every level of the U.S. court system. On May 16, 2024, U.S. congressman John Sarbanes led a bipartisan group of 73 lawmakers urging the State Department to hold Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan accountable.


See also

*
2016–present purges in Turkey The 2016–present purges in Turkey are a series of purges by the Government of Turkey enabled by a state of emergency in reaction to the 15 July failed ''coup d'état''. The purges began with the arrest of Turkish Armed Forces personnel repor ...
* Turkey–United States relations


References


External links


H.Res354 - 115th Congress (2017-2018)
{{Turkey–United States relations 2017 in American politics 2017 in Turkish politics 2017 in Washington, D.C. 2017 protests Attacks in the United States in 2017 Diplomatic incidents May 2017 crimes in the United States Police brutality in the United States Protests in Washington, D.C. Turkey–United States relations Trump administration controversies