is an

Apollo Apollo, grc, Ἀπόλλωνος, Apóllōnos, label=genitive , ; , grc-dor, Ἀπέλλων, Apéllōn, ; grc, Ἀπείλων, Apeílōn, label= Arcadocypriot Greek, ; grc-aeo, Ἄπλουν, Áploun, la, Apollō, la, Apollinis, label ...

near-Earth asteroid estimated to have a diameter of . On 16 September 2013, it passed about from Earth. On 20 September 2013, it came to

perihelion An apsis (; ) is the farthest or nearest point in the orbit of a planetary body about its primary body. For example, the apsides of the Earth are called the aphelion and perihelion. General description There are two apsides in any elli ...

(closest approach to the Sun). The asteroid was discovered on 12 October 2013 by Ukrainian

amateur astronomer Amateur astronomy is a hobby where participants enjoy observing or imaging celestial objects in the sky using the unaided eye, binoculars, or telescopes. Even though scientific research may not be their primary goal, some amateur astronomers ...

Gennadiy Borisov with a custom telescope using images dating back to 8 October 2013.The MPC circular lists

Crimean Astrophysical Observatory The Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO, obs. code: 095) is located at Nauchnij research campus, near the Central Crimean city of Bakhchysarai, on the Crimean peninsula. CrAO is often called simply by its location and campus name, ...

(code 095) as the discovery site of the asteroid because Borisov had not registered his observatory MARGO (code L51) until 17 November 2013, which is a month after the discovery. It was rated level 1 on the

Torino Scale The Torino scale is a method for categorizing the impact hazard associated with near-Earth objects (NEOs) such as asteroids and comets. It is intended as a communication tool for astronomers and the public to assess the seriousness of collision pre ...

from 16 October 2013 until JPL solution 26 on 3 November 2013. It reached a

Palermo Technical Impact Hazard Scale The Palermo Technical Impact Hazard Scale is a logarithmic scale used by astronomers to rate the potential hazard of impact of a near-Earth object (NEO). It combines two types of data—probability of impact and estimated kinetic yield— ...

rating of -0.73. It was removed from the JPL

Sentry Risk Table Sentry is a highly automated impact prediction system operated by the JPL Center for NEO Studies (CNEOS) since 2002. It continually monitors the most up-to-date asteroid catalog for possibilities of future impact with Earth over the next 100+ y ...

on 8 November 2013 using JPL solution 32 with an

observation arc In observational astronomy, the observation arc (or arc length) of a Solar System body is the time period between its earliest and latest observations, used for tracing the body's path. It is usually given in days or years. The term is mostly use ...

of 27 days.

Past Earth-impact estimates

On 16 October 2013, near-Earth asteroid (with a short observation arc of 7 days) was listed on the JPL Sentry Risk Table with 1 in 63,000 chance of impacting Earth on 26 August 2032. This gave the asteroid a

rating of 1. The peak estimated threat from the asteroid occurred 19–20 October 2013 when

Leonid Elenin Leonid Vladimirovich Elenin (russian: Леони́д Влади́мирович Еле́нин; born 10 August 1981) is a Russian amateur astronomer working with the List of asteroid-discovering observatories#ISON-NM Observatory (Mayhill), ISON-N ...

and

NEODyS NEODyS (Near Earth Objects Dynamic Site) is an Italian service that provides information on near-Earth objects with a Web-based interface. It is based on a continually and (almost) automatically maintained database of near earth asteroid orbits. T ...

estimated the odds of impact to be 0.03% (1 in 3,800). On 31 October 2013, NEODyS estimated the odds of impact to be 1 in 4,330 and the Sentry Risk Table estimated the odds of impact to be 1 in 6,250. On 7 November 2013, with a short observation arc of 25 days, the Sentry Risk Table estimated it had about a 1 in 169,492,000 chance of an Earth impact on 26 August 2032. It was removed from the JPL

on 8 November 2013 using JPL solution 32 with an observation arc of 27 days. , the NEODyS

nominal Nominal may refer to: Linguistics and grammar * Nominal (linguistics), one of the parts of speech * Nominal, the adjectival form of "noun", as in "nominal agreement" (= "noun agreement") * Nominal sentence, a sentence without a finite verb * Nou ...

best-fit orbit shows that will be from Earth on 26 August 2032.

Orbit

With an

orbital inclination Orbital inclination measures the tilt of an object's orbit around a celestial body. It is expressed as the angle between a reference plane and the orbital plane or axis of direction of the orbiting object. For a satellite orbiting the Earth ...

of only 6.7 degrees and

0.99 AU from the Sun, the point of

is controlled by close approaches to Earth. With a short observation arc of 108 days, it has an orbit with an

Uncertainty Uncertainty refers to epistemic situations involving imperfect or unknown information. It applies to predictions of future events, to physical measurements that are already made, or to the unknown. Uncertainty arises in partially observable ...

of 4. Given the relatively large size of the asteroid, astronomers were able to refine the orbit of this asteroid over several months.

Impact effects

An Earth impact would have the

kinetic energy In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity. Having gained this energy during its acc ...

of 3,200 megatons of TNT, approximately 60 times the energy of Russia's 50 Mt

Tsar Bomba The Tsar Bomba () ( code name: ''Ivan'' or ''Vanya''), also known by the alphanumerical designation "AN602", was a thermonuclear aerial bomb, and the most powerful nuclear weapon ever created and tested. Overall, the Soviet physicist Andrei ...

. This would also be equivalent to 16 times the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa which was 200 Mt and had a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 6.

Notes

References

External links

2013 TV135 Orbit
at the Minor Planet Center
2013 TV135 Impact Risk
at JPL
2013TV135 Impactor Table
at

WayBack Machine entry for 31 October 2013
showing a 1 in 22,000 chance of impact on 2032-08-26 with a 21-day observation arc
Los Angeles Times : Ukrainian astronomers say asteroid might collide with Earth -- in 2032

* ttp://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2013/10/18/asteroid_2013_tv135_bet_on_no_impact_from_this_rock.html No, the Earth (Almost Certainly) Won’t Get Hit by an Asteroid in 2032(

Phil Plait Philip Cary Plait (born September 30, 1964), also known as The Bad Astronomer, is an American astronomer, skeptic, and popular science blogger. Plait has worked as part of the Hubble Space Telescope team, images and spectra of astronomical objec ...

)
Asteroid 2013 TV135: doomsday again (yawn)
(Stuart Clark, 18 October 2013)
Big asteroid buzzes past Earth and will again in 19 years
(CNN, 18 October 2013)
NASA: Less Than 1% Chance That Asteroid 2013 TV135 Will Hit Earth In 2032
(Elizabeth Howell Universe Today, 18 October 2013)
Why Is the Chance of an Asteroid Impact in 2032 Going Up?
(