2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito

{{SCOTUS-justice-listframe , firstname=Samuel , lastname=Alito , image=File:Justice Alito official.jpg , term=2010 , tenurecount=sixth , startdate=October 4, 2010 , enddate=October 1, 2011 , majority=7 , concurrence=6 , concurrencedissent=1 , dissent=6 , other=1 , benchcount=18 , relatingtoorders=3 , inchambers=0 , unanimous=0 , mostjoinedby=Roberts (12) , leastjoinedby=Kagan (4) , url-courtopinions=https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/slipopinion/10 , url-relatingtoorders=https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/relatingtoorders/10 , url-inchambers=https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/in-chambers/10 , accessdate=October 2, 2011 , opinionstemplate=Samuel Alito opinions , courttemplate=SCOTUSterm2010-2015 , entries= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=01 , case=NASA v. Nelson , type=majority , volume=562 , page=134 , year=2011 , issues=

background check A background check is a process a person or company uses to verify that an individual is who they claim to be, and this provides an opportunity to check and confirm the validity of someone's criminal record, education, employment history, and oth ...

of prospective federal employees {{* informational privacy {{*

Privacy Act of 1974 The Privacy Act of 1974 (, ), a United States federal law, establishes a Code of Fair Information Practice that governs the collection, maintenance, use, and dissemination of personally identifiable information about individuals that is maintain ...

, joined=Roberts, Kennedy, Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor , otheropinion1author=Scalia , , otheropinion1type=concurrence , , otheropinion1link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#NASA v. Nelson , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#NASA v. Nelson , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=02 , case=Staub v. Proctor Hospital , type=concurrence , volume=562 , page=411 , year=2011 , issues= Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 {{* influence of prior discrimination on subsequent decisionmaker , joined=Thomas , otheropinion1author=Scalia , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Staub v. Proctor Hospital , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=03 , case=Henderson v. Shinseki , type=majority , volume=562 , page=428 , year=2011 , issues= Veterans' Judicial Review Act {{*

Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims A court is any person or institution, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordanc ...

{{* excusability of missing deadline for filing appeal , joined=Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=04 , case=Snyder v. Phelps , type=dissent , volume=562 , page=443 , year=2011 , issues=

First Amendment First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and reco ...

{{*

free speech Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction. The right to freedom of expression has been recog ...

{{* intentional infliction of emotional distress , joined= , otheropinion1author=Roberts , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#Snyder v. Phelps , otheropinion2author=Breyer , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Snyder v. Phelps , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=05 , case=Pepper v. United States , type=concurrencedissent , volume=562 , page=476 , year=2011 , issues=

Federal Sentencing Guidelines The United States Federal Sentencing Guidelines are rules published by the U.S. Sentencing Commission that set out a uniform policy for sentencing individuals and organizations convicted of felonies and serious (Class A) misdemeanors in the Uni ...

{{* consideration of postsentencing rehabilitation , joined= , otheropinion1author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#Pepper v. United States , otheropinion2author=Breyer , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Pepper v. United States , otheropinion3author=Thomas , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Pepper v. United States , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=06 , case=Wall v. Kholi , type=majority , volume=562 , page=545 , year=2011 , issues=

Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA), , was introduced to the United States Congress in April 1995 as a Senate Bill (). The bill was passed with broad bipartisan support by Congress in response to the bombings of th ...

{{* tolling of

habeas corpus ''Habeas corpus'' (; from Medieval Latin, ) is a recourse in law through which a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that the court order the custodian of the person, usually a prison official, ...

statute of limitations A statute of limitations, known in civil law systems as a prescriptive period, is a law passed by a legislative body to set the maximum time after an event within which legal proceedings may be initiated. ("Time for commencing proceedings") In ...

{{* motion to reduce sentence as application for

collateral review In the United States, capital punishment is a legal penalty throughout the country at the federal level, in 27 states, and in American Samoa. It is also a legal penalty for some military offenses. Capital punishment has been abolished in 23 ...

, joined=Roberts, Kennedy, Thomas, Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor, Kagan; Scalia (in part) , otheropinion1author=Scalia , , otheropinion1type=concurrence , , otheropinion1link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Wall v. Kholi , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=07 , case=Milner v. Department of Navy , type=concurrence , volume=562 , page=562 , year=2011 , issues=

Freedom of Information Act Freedom of Information Act may refer to the following legislations in different jurisdictions which mandate the national government to disclose certain data to the general public upon request: * Freedom of Information Act 1982, the Australian act * ...

{{* exemption for internal personnel rules , joined= , otheropinion1author=Kagan , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Elena Kagan#Milner v. Department of Navy , otheropinion2author=Breyer , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Milner v. Department of Navy , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=08 , case1=Wong v. Smith , type=dissent , volume=562 , page=1021 , year=2010 , wikisource=Wong v. Smith/Dissent Alito , issues=judicial commenting on evidence {{* judicial coercion of a jury verdict , joined=Roberts, Scalia , summary=Alito filed a dissent from the Court's denial of ''certiorari,'' where the lower court had granted habeas relief on the grounds that a judge's comments to a deadlocked jury about the evidence coerced them into returning a guilty verdict. Alito observed that the privilege of common law judges to comment on the evidence was centuries old, and no Supreme Court precedent had yet ruled on whether or when the exercise of that privilege constituted coercion. In Alito's view, therefore, the lower court's judgment was contrary to the requirement under the

Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA), , was introduced to the United States Congress in April 1995 as a Senate Bill (). The bill was passed with broad bipartisan support by Congress in response to the bombings of th ...

that a state court judgment must be contrary to clearly established law in order to be set aside by a federal habeas court. {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=09 , case1= Harper v. Maverick Recording Co. , type=dissent , volume=562 , page=1080 , year=2010 , wikisource=Harper v. Maverick Recording Co./Dissent Alito , issues=

copyright infringement Copyright infringement (at times referred to as piracy) is the use of works protected by copyright without permission for a usage where such permission is required, thereby infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, ...

{{*

statutory damages Statutory damages are a damage award in civil law, in which the amount awarded is stipulated within the statute rather than being calculated based on the degree of harm to the plaintiff. Lawmakers will provide for statutory damages for acts in wh ...

{{* innocent infringer defense {{*

music download A music download (commonly referred to as a digital download) is the digital transfer of music via the Internet into a device capable of decoding and playing it, such as a personal computer, portable media player, MP3 player or smartphone. Th ...

ing , joined= , summary=Alito filed a dissent from the Court's denial of ''certiorari'', in a case involving a 16-year-old girl sued for illegally downloading music from the internet. The lower court had ruled the girl was ineligible for the "innocent infringer" defense, which would have reduced the statutory damages available, because it was foreclosed by {{usc, 17, 402(d), which applies when the defendant had access to a "phonorecord" bearing a copyright notice. Alito noted that the statutory definition of "phonorecord" only applied to material objects, and so there was a "strong argument" that §402(d) did not apply to downloaded digital music files. Though there was not yet a circuit split on the issue, Alito believed certiorari was appropriate because the issue was important and unlikely to be presented to the courts of appeals in many cases. {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=10 , case1=Huber v. New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection , type=other , volume=562 , page=1302 , year=2011 , issues= Fourth Amendment {{* warrantless searches {{* wetlands protection , joined=Roberts, Scalia, Thomas , summary=Alito filed a statement respecting the Court's denial of ''certiorari''. {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=11 , case=Cullen v. Pinholster , type=concurrence , volume=563 , page=170 , year=2011 , issues=

{{* introduction of new evidence in

proceedings {{* Sixth Amendment {{*

ineffective assistance of counsel In United States law, ineffective assistance of counsel (IAC) is a claim raised by a convicted criminal defendant asserting that the defendant's legal counsel performed so ineffectively that it deprived the defendant of the constitutional right gua ...

, joined= , otheropinion1author=Thomas , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Cullen v. Pinholster , otheropinion2author=Breyer , , otheropinion2type=concurrencedissent , , otheropinion2link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Cullen v. Pinholster , otheropinion3author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#Cullen v. Pinholster , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=12 , case=Kentucky v. King , type=majority , volume=563 , page=452 , year=2011 , issues= Fourth Amendment {{*

exigent circumstances In criminal procedure law of the United States, an exigent circumstance allows law enforcement (under certain circumstances) to enter a structure without a search warrant, or if they have a " knock and announce" warrant, allows them to enter without ...

{{* police-created exigency , joined=Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, Breyer, Sotomayor, Kagan , otheropinion1author=Ginsburg , , otheropinion1type=dissent , , otheropinion1link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Ruth Bader Ginsburg#Kentucky v. King , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=13 , case=Brown v. Plata , type=dissent , volume=563 , page=493 , year=2011 , issues= Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 {{* Eighth Amendment {{*

prison overcrowding Prison overcrowding is a social phenomenon occurring when the demand for space in prisons in a jurisdiction exceeds the capacity for prisoners. The issues associated with prison overcrowding are not new, and have been brewing for many years. Du ...

, joined=Roberts , otheropinion1author=Kennedy , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Brown v. Plata , otheropinion2author=Scalia , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Brown v. Plata , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=14 , case=Fowler v. United States , type=dissent , volume=563 , page=668 , year=2011 , issues=federal

witness tampering Witness tampering is the act of attempting to improperly influence, alter or prevent the testimony of witnesses within criminal or civil proceedings. Witness tampering and reprisals against witnesses in organized crime cases have been a difficul ...

crime {{* likelihood victim was intending to communicate with federal officer , joined=Ginsburg , otheropinion1author=Breyer , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Fowler v. United States , otheropinion2author=Scalia , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Fowler v. United States , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=15 , case=Global-Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB S. A. , type=majority , volume=563 , page=754 , year=2011 , issues=

patent law A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention."A p ...

{{* induced infringement {{* willful blindness , joined=Roberts, Scalia, Thomas, Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor, Kagan , otheropinion1author=Kennedy , , otheropinion1type=dissent , , otheropinion1link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Global-Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB S. A. , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=16 , case=Nevada Comm'n on Ethics v. Carrigan , type=concurrence , volume=564 , page=117 , year=2011 , issues=vote recusal of

state legislator A state legislature is a legislative branch or body of a political subdivision in a federal system. Two federations literally use the term "state legislature": * The legislative branches of each of the fifty state governments of the United S ...

with

conflict of interest A conflict of interest (COI) is a situation in which a person or organization is involved in multiple interests, financial or otherwise, and serving one interest could involve working against another. Typically, this relates to situations i ...

{{*

overbreadth doctrine In American jurisprudence, the overbreadth doctrine is primarily concerned with facial challenges to laws under the First Amendment. Description When federal or state laws are challenged in the United States court system for their constitutiona ...

, joined= , otheropinion1author=Scalia , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Nevada Comm'n on Ethics v. Carrigan , otheropinion2author=Kennedy , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Nevada Comm'n on Ethics v. Carrigan , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=17 , case=United States v. Jicarilla Apache Nation , type=majority , volume=564 , page=162 , year=2011 , issues=

fiduciary A fiduciary is a person who holds a legal or ethical relationship of trust with one or more other parties (person or group of persons). Typically, a fiduciary prudently takes care of money or other assets for another person. One party, for exa ...

exception to

attorney–client privilege Attorney–client privilege or lawyer–client privilege is the name given to the common law concept of legal professional privilege in the United States. Attorney–client privilege is " client's right to refuse to disclose and to prevent any ...

{{* general trust relationship between the United States and Indian tribes , joined=Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas , otheropinion1author=Ginsburg , , otheropinion1type=concurrence , , otheropinion1link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#United States v. Jicarilla Apache Nation , otheropinion2author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#United States v. Jicarilla Apache Nation , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=18 , case-article=Davis v. United States (2011) , case-display=Davis v. United States , type=majority , volume=564 , page=229 , year=2011 , issues= Fourth Amendment {{*

exclusionary rule In the United States, the exclusionary rule is a legal rule, based on constitutional law, that prevents evidence collected or analyzed in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights from being used in a court of law. This may be consider ...

{{* good faith reliance on binding appellate precedent , joined=Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, Kagan , otheropinion1author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion1type=concurrence , , otheropinion1link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#Davis v. United States , otheropinion2author=Breyer , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Davis v. United States , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=19 , case=J. D. B. v. North Carolina , type=dissent , volume=564 , page=261 , year=2011 , issues= Fifth Amendment {{*

Miranda warning In the United States, the ''Miranda'' warning is a type of notification customarily given by police to criminal suspects in police custody (or in a custodial interrogation) advising them of their right to silence and, in effect, protection f ...

{{* effect of minor's age on determining custodial status , joined=Roberts, Scalia, Thomas , otheropinion1author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#J. D. B. v. North Carolina , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=20 , case=American Elec. Power Co. v. Connecticut , type=concurrence , volume=564 , page=410 , year=2011 , issues= Clean Air Act {{* power plant carbon dioxide

emissions standard Emission standards are the legal requirements governing air pollutants released into the atmosphere. Emission standards set quantitative limits on the permissible amount of specific air pollutants that may be released from specific sources over ...

s {{* federal common law

nuisance Nuisance (from archaic ''nocence'', through Fr. ''noisance'', ''nuisance'', from Lat. ''nocere'', "to hurt") is a common law tort. It means that which causes offence, annoyance, trouble or injury. A nuisance can be either public (also "common") ...

claims , joined=Thomas , otheropinion1author=Ginsburg , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Ruth Bader Ginsburg#American Elec. Power Co. v. Connecticut , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=21 , case=Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assn. , type=concurrence , volume=564 , page=786 , year=2011 , issues=

{{*

freedom of speech Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction. The right to freedom of expression has been recogni ...

{{* restriction on sale of violent video games to minors , joined=Roberts , otheropinion1author=Scalia , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assn. , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assn. , otheropinion3author=Breyer , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2010 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assn. , summary=