1903 Michigan Wolverines football team
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The 1903 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the
University of Michigan , mottoeng = "Arts, Knowledge, Truth" , former_names = Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania (1817–1821) , budget = $10.3 billion (2021) , endowment = $17 billion (2021)As o ...
in the
1903 college football season The 1903 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the ''Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book'' listing Michigan and Princeton as having been selected national champions. Conference standings Major conference standings ...
. The team's head football coach was Fielding H. Yost. The Wolverines played their home games at
Regents Field Ferry Field (known as Regents Field before 1902) was the home field for the University of Michigan football team from 1893 to 1905. It was located along South State Street in Ann Arbor, Michigan, where Schembechler Hall stands today. The Bo ...
. The 1903 team compiled a record of 11–0–1 and outscored opponents 565 to 6. The only points allowed came on a touchdown in a 6–6 tie with
Minnesota Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over t ...
. All eleven wins were shutouts. The 1903 Michigan team was the third of Yost's "Point-a-Minute" teams and has been recognized retrospectively as a co- national champion by the
National Championship Foundation The National Championship Foundation (NCF) was established by Mike Riter of Hudson, New York. The NCF retroactively selected college football national champions for each year from 1869 to 1979, and its selections are among the historic national ch ...
. The team captain was
Curtis Redden Curtis Gerald "Cap" Redden (February 8, 1881 – January 16, 1919) was an American football player. He was the starting left end for the University of Michigan's football team from 1901 to 1904. He played for Michigan's "Point-a-Minute" teams a ...
, and the high scorer was fullback
Tom Hammond Thomas Taylor Hammond (born May 10, 1944) is an American sportscaster. Hammond is primarily known for his work with NBC Sports from 1984 to the present. Hammond is one of the network's staple on-air presenters, along with Bob Costas and Dan Hic ...
who scored 163 points. Halfback
Willie Heston William Martin Heston (September 9, 1878 – September 9, 1963) was an American football player and coach. He played halfback at San Jose State University and the University of Michigan. Heston was the head football coach for Drake Universi ...
was the only member of the team selected as a first-team All-American, receiving the honor from both Walter Camp in ''
Collier's Weekly ''Collier's'' was an American general interest magazine founded in 1888 by Peter Fenelon Collier. It was launched as ''Collier's Once a Week'', then renamed in 1895 as ''Collier's Weekly: An Illustrated Journal'', shortened in 1905 to ''Colli ...
'' and
Caspar Whitney Caspar William Whitney (September 2, 1864 – January 18, 1929) was an American author, editor, explorer, outdoorsman and war correspondent. He originated the concept of the All-American team in college football in 1889 when he worked for '' Harp ...
in ''Outing'' magazine.


Schedule


Pre-season


Controversy

Before the start of the 1903 season, Michigan became involved in controversy over amateurism in college football. In April 1903,
David Starr Jordan David Starr Jordan (January 19, 1851 â€“ September 19, 1931) was the founding president of Stanford University, serving from 1891 to 1913. He was an ichthyologist during his research career. Prior to serving as president of Stanford Univer ...
, the president of
Stanford University Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is conside ...
, accused Michigan coach Fielding Yost of sinning against the spirit of amateur athletics. Jordan's accusations focused on two players,
George W. Gregory George W. "Dad" Gregory (April 19, 1879 – September 6, 1946) was an American football player, coach and lawyer. He was the starting Center (American football), center for the University of Michigan's "Point-a-Minute" football teams of 1901, ...
and
Willie Heston William Martin Heston (September 9, 1878 – September 9, 1963) was an American football player and coach. He played halfback at San Jose State University and the University of Michigan. Heston was the head football coach for Drake Universi ...
, both of whom had come to Michigan from California with Coach Yost in 1901. The ''
Detroit Free Press The ''Detroit Free Press'' is the largest daily newspaper in Detroit, Michigan, US. The Sunday edition is titled the ''Sunday Free Press''. It is sometimes referred to as the Freep (reflected in the paper's web address, www.freep.com). It primar ...
'' reported in early September 1903 that the two might opt not to return to the University of Michigan when classes resumed. A report issued by the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools in April 1903 advocated stricter regulation to protect the amateur nature of the games. Although the report contained only passing references to the University of Michigan, the ''Chicago Record-Herald'' devoted much of its coverage to attacks on amateurism at the University of Michigan. ''The Michigan Alumnus'' expressed concern that football posed a danger "to the minds and morals of the players and their fellow-students." It published an open letter to Coach Yost on the evils of recruiting in college football. The open letter advocated the adoption of a one-year residency rule requiring a year of satisfactory scholarship for all players on college teams. Professor
Albert Pattengill Albert Henderson Pattengill (February 26, 1842 – March 16, 1906) was an American professor of Greek. For 40 years, Pattengill was also a leader in athletics at the University of Michigan. He played on Michigan's 1867 baseball team and was part ...
, chairman of Michigan's Board of Control of Athletics, defended Yost:
"In justice to Mr. Yost it must be said that the greatest sin we can lay at his door is that for two seasons he has led Michigan's team to victory. He is a man of good personal habits, and enthusiastic in his work. He exercises a wholesome influence over the young men under him. . . . We have made many inquiries, and have not heard from any sources anything to give cause for uneasiness. . . .


Training camp and pre-season expectations

Although Michigan's football training camp had previously been held at Whitmore Lake, Yost moved the team's pre-season camp to the Epworth Hotel in
Epworth Heights Epworth Heights is a private summer community located on the Lake Michigan shore north of Ludington, Michigan, in the United States. Founded in 1894 by a group of Methodists as the Epworth League Training Assembly, it continues to operate as a d ...
, a summer resort located three miles from
Ludington, Michigan Ludington ( ) is the largest city and county seat of Mason County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 8,076. Ludington is a harbor town located on Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Pere Marquette River ...
. Yost hoped that the northern location would allow the team to practice away from the September heat. Training camp opened on September 14, 1903, and was attended by 25 players, Yost, and trainer
Keene Fitzpatrick Dennis Keene Fitzpatrick (December 25, 1864 – May 22, 1944) was an American track coach, athletic trainer, professor of physical training and gymnasium director for 42 years at Yale University (1890–1891, 1896–1898), the University of Mic ...
. While in Ludington, the Michigan players played a baseball game against the local team and attended a dance at the Stearns Hotel in downtown Ludington. The locals were surprised when the guests of honor left the dance at 10:05 pm, under orders from Keene Fitzpatrick. The squad returned to Ann Arbor on September 26 and joined a separate body of recruits training under the direction of assistant coach
Dan McGugin Daniel Earle McGugin (July 29, 1879 â€“ January 23, 1936) was an American football player and coach, as well as a lawyer. He served as the head football coach at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee from 1904 to 1917 and again from ...
. At the start of the 1903 season, there were concerns about the team's lack of experience. Most of the starters from the 1902 team had been lost, including the team's two leading scorers (
Albert E. Herrnstein Albert Ernest Herrnstein (August 15, 1882 – August 14, 1958) was an American football player and coach. He played at the University of Michigan as a halfback and end from 1899 to 1902 and was the head football coach at the Haskell Indian Sch ...
and James E. Lawrence), its starting quarterback (
Boss Weeks Harrison Samuel "Boss" Weeks Jr. (April 3, 1879 – February 25, 1906) was an American football player and coach. He played quarterback for the University of Michigan from 1900 to 1902 and served as head football coach at the University of Kansas ...
), and four of the starting linemen ( Everett Sweeley, Dan McGugin, "King" Cole, and "Babe" Carter). Adding to the problems, the 1902 team's starting fullback ( Paul Jones) suffered a nearly deadly attack of
typhoid fever Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is a disease caused by '' Salmonella'' serotype Typhi bacteria. Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over severa ...
in early 1903 and was unable to return to the team. The most promising new players on the 1903 squad included
Joe Curtis John Spencer "Big Joe" Curtis (November 14, 1882 – January 29, 1972) was an American football player and coach. While playing for the University of Michigan, he was selected as a first-team All-Western tackle three consecutive years from 1904 t ...
, a 212-pounder from
Pueblo, Colorado Pueblo () is a home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Pueblo County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 111,876 at the 2020 United States Census, making Pueblo the ninth most popu ...
,
Tom Hammond Thomas Taylor Hammond (born May 10, 1944) is an American sportscaster. Hammond is primarily known for his work with NBC Sports from 1984 to the present. Hammond is one of the network's staple on-air presenters, along with Bob Costas and Dan Hic ...
, a fullback from
Hyde Park, Illinois Hyde Park is the 41st of the 77 community areas of Chicago. It is located on the South Side, near the shore of Lake Michigan south of the Loop. Hyde Park's official boundaries are 51st Street/Hyde Park Boulevard on the north, the Midway P ...
, and
John Garrels John Carlyle Garrels (November 18, 1885 – October 21, 1956) was an American athlete who excelled in the 110 metres hurdles, discus throw, shot put, and as a fullback and end in American football. Garrels won the silver medal in ...
, a speedster from Detroit who went on to win the silver medal in the 110 meter hurdles at the
1908 Summer Olympics The 1908 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the IV Olympiad and also known as London 1908) were an international multi-sport event held in London, England, United Kingdom, from 27 April to 31 October 1908. The 1908 Games were o ...
. With only eight veterans returning team captain
Curtis Redden Curtis Gerald "Cap" Redden (February 8, 1881 – January 16, 1919) was an American football player. He was the starting left end for the University of Michigan's football team from 1901 to 1904. He played for Michigan's "Point-a-Minute" teams a ...
wrote that " season in the history of Michigan football has opened with a gloomier outlook" than that of 1903.1904 Michiganensian
p. 138
''The Michigan Alumnus'' opined that a repetition of the extraordinary scores of 1902 was too much to expect, but expressed hope that the 1903 team would be able to "cope honorably" with its "most dreaded rivals," Chicago and Minnesota.


Game summaries


Michigan 31, Case 0

The season opener was played on October 3, 1903, in weather that was described as "excessively warm for football." The game was played in 20-minute halves and matched Michigan against Case Scientific School. Willie Heston scored three touchdowns in the game, including one on a 45-yard run. Tom Hammond also scored two touchdowns, and Hal Weeks scored after substituting for Heston at left halfback in the second half. Michigan converted only one of six point after touchdown attempts, and the team's punting and goal-kicking were described as "sad failures."


Michigan 76, Albion 0

The second game of the 1903 season was played on Thursday, October 8, against Albion College. In a game that consisted of 27-1/2 minutes (first half of 20 minutes, second half of 7-1/2 minutes), Michigan scored 76 points. The Wolverines failed to score on only one drive, and were stopped inside Albion's five-yard line on that drive. Albion converted only two first downs in the game. Tom Hammond led the scoring with 35 points on five touchdowns and 10 successful point after touchdown kicks. Willie Heston added three touchdowns, and single touchdowns were added by Herb Graver, Roswell Wendell, Fred Norcross, and Rolla Bigelow.


Michigan 79, Beloit 0

Two days after the Albion game, Michigan faced Beloit. In 45 minutes of football (first half of 25 minutes, second half of 20 minutes), Michigan scored 79 points. ''The Michigan Alumnus'' praised the team effort on offense and singled out Gooding who "once carried Heston over the line for a touchdown." Curtis Redden was also praised for his blocking and for his clever play in recovering and returning a Beloit fumble in the second half. Willie Heston and Fred Norcross led the scoring with five and three touchdowns, respectively. ''The Michigan Alumnus'' noted, "Time after time Heston and Norcross, aided by good blocking, sprinted long distances for touchdowns." Through the first three games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 186 points in minutes of play. The ''Detroit Free Press'' noted that Yost's team narrowly missed averaging two points per minute against Beloit.


Michigan 65, Ohio Normal 0

On Wednesday, October 14, 1903, Michigan played Ohio Normal from
Ada, Ohio Ada ; ; is a village in Hardin County, Ohio, United States, located about southwest of Toledo. The population was 5,952 at the 2010 census. History Following the 1817 Treaty of Fort Meigs, the Shawnee Indians held reservation land at Hog Cre ...
. In 34 minutes of football (first half of 20 minutes, second half of 14 minutes), Michigan scored 65 points. Duncan Thompson, starting at the right halfback position, led the scoring with four touchdowns. The "most stirring" play of the game was a 75-yard touchdown run "through the whole Ohio team" by Fred Norcross. Ohio Normal's longest gain was a seven-yard run. ''The Michigan Alumnus'' noted that the Wolverines' play was "at times over-zealous and severe penalties for foul interference and off-side resulted." Through the first four games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 251 points in minutes of play.


Michigan 51, Indiana 0

Three days after its mid-week contest against Ohio Normal, the Wolverines played Indiana on October 17, 1901. In the season's first full-length game (two halves of 25 minutes), Michigan outscored Indiana 51 to 0. Despite the lopsided score, ''The Michigan Alumnus'' complained that certain features of the team's play were "most unsatisfactory," including fumbles and a lack of versatility in the team's offensive play. Curtis Redden was credited with the "prettiest run of the day" for recovering a half-blocked punt and returning it 65 yards for Michigan's third touchdown. Tom Hammond scored 21 points in the game on two touchdowns, 6 point after touchdown kicks, and a field goal. Through the first five games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 302 points in minutes of play.


Michigan 88, Ferris Institute 0

In another mid-week game, Michigan defeated the team from the Ferris Institute in
Big Rapids, Michigan Big Rapids is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 10,601 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Mecosta County. The city is located within Big Rapids Township, but it is politically independent. Big Rapids is home ...
, by a score of 88 to 0. The Wolverines added to their "Point-a-Minute" margin by scoring 88 points in only 30 minutes of play (first half of 20 minutes, second half of 10 minutes). The Ferris team was held to an "aggregate of gains" of only eight yards. ''The Michigan Alumnus'' described the game as a mismatch: "The visitors were hopelessly outclassed in weight and experience, but under these trying conditions did the best they could." Willie Heston did not play in the game, and Tom Hammond was the leading scorer for the second consecutive week with 23 points on three touchdowns and eight point after touchdown kicks. Through the first six games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 390 points in minutes of play.


Michigan 47, Drake 0

Michigan's game against
Drake Drake may refer to: Animals * A male duck People and fictional characters * Drake (surname), a list of people and fictional characters with the family name * Drake (given name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name ...
on October 24, 1903, was described at the time as "the most exciting contest seen on Ferry Field this year." With Willie Heston was on the sidelines, the Wolverines failed to score a point-a-minute for the first time in 1903, scoring 47 points in 55 minutes of play (first half of 30 minutes, second half of 25 minutes). In the first half, Drake held Michigan to only 18 points. Drake came close to scoring the first points of the year against Michigan after its fullback, Kintz, ran for 25 yards, and an off-side penalty (resulting in a 20-yard penalty) brought the ball within reach of Michigan's goal. Drake's left guard, Stewart, attempted a field goal, but missed by "the narrowest of margins." Right tackle Joe Maddock led the scoring with three touchdowns in the game. Through the first seven games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 437 points in minutes of play.


Michigan 6, Minnesota 6

The eighth game of the season matched Michigan against
Minnesota Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over t ...
in a game played at
Northrop Field Northrop Field was the on-campus stadium of the Minnesota Golden Gophers football team from 1899 to 1923. The original field had seating of around 3,000 and was named for University President Cyrus Northrop. After the 1902 season, the playing fi ...
in
Minneapolis Minneapolis () is the largest city in Minnesota, United States, and the county seat of Hennepin County. The city is abundant in water, with thirteen lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls. Minneapolis has its origin ...
, Minnesota. ''The New York Times'' reported that the match, "one of the most desperate football games seen in the West in years," was witnessed by "fully 30,000 spectators." The game ended in a 6–6 tie, the first time in the Yost era that Michigan had not achieved a victory. During the first half, Minnesota outgained Michigan 155 yards to 60 yards. The Michigan defense held, and the first half ended in a scoreless tie. With 15 minutes remaining in the game, Michigan sustained a 65-yard drive culminating with a touchdown by right tackle Joe Maddock. On the drive that followed, the Michigan line was "unable to sustain Schacht's fierce line smashes," and Minnesota tied the game with a touchdown run by its fullback, Boeckmann, and Rogers kicked the point after touchdown. Although approximately two minutes remained in the game, Minnesota fans surged onto the field, and the game had to be ended early. ''The Detroit Free Press'' described the scene as follows:
"Time was not up by a few minutes, but the crowd surged onto the field and time was called, as it would have been impossible to have cleared the gridiron in time to resume play before daylight had faded entirely away."
When the Michigan team returned to Ann Arbor on November 1, the players were greeted by a crowd of 5,000 singing and yelling at the depot. The crowd attached ropes to a bus and towed the team to campus while continuing with organized songs and yells. At a rally near the law building, Willie Heston told the crowd that the Minnesota players were "the roughest lot of sluggers I ever went up against." Heston's right eye was nearly swollen shut, and his nose bore "marks of terrific smashes." Joe Maddock added, "I don't know how many times I was hit and kicked, but I think I got at least twenty blows on the back of my neck." ''The Michigan Alumnus'' complained about "the unsportsmanlike spirit" manifested by some Minnesota players and opined that the Minnesota fans who surged onto the field had responded to "an impulse which does more credit to their enthusiasm than their love of fair play." The ''Detroit Free Press'' condemned "the muckerish tactics of the crowd and the pugilistic efforts of the Gophers." Several in attendance reported that Minnesota assistant coach
Pudge Heffelfinger William Walter "Pudge" Heffelfinger (December 20, 1867 – April 2, 1954), also spelled Hafelfinger, was an American football player and coach. He is considered the first athlete to play American football professionally, having been paid to pl ...
had been heard yelling from the sidelines, "Kill off Heston in the first ten minutes, or you'll lose." The crowd reportedly picked up the comment and responded with the yell, "Kill off Heston." The game's umpire, Henry Clark, was selected by Minnesota, and he came under heavy criticism from Michigan loyalists for failing to call Minnesota for its rough play. The Minnesota game generated gross gate receipts of $30,933.50. After deducting expenses, Michigan's share was $13,000. Yost defended his team's performance upon his return to Ann Arbor. Pulling a criss-crossed chart from his pocket, Yost walked through the progress of the game with reporters. Even though Minnesota outgained Michigan in the first half, Yost said:
"Why, they never had the ball inside our 30-yard line but once during the first half, and it was just inside at that time. The goal was never in danger because our boys played a scientific defensive game and kept the ball in the air part of the time, where it belonged. We had good headwork as well as beef, and I do not think it is fair to Michigan to say that she was outplayed in the first half. The touchdown the Minnesota boys made was made after dark, when nobody could see the ball, and of course that prevented us from stopping them. Also, the field was crowned. I am confident, however, that we have the better team. That man Gooding and Heston played a wonderful game, and all the boys did, for that matter. I have no fault to find with anyone."
Through the first eight games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 443 points and had played between 329 and 349 minutes.


Little Brown Jug

The 1903 game against Minnesota also gave rise to the tradition of the two teams' playing for the Little Brown Jug. When the Michigan team arrived in Minneapolis, Yost reportedly instructed student manager Thomas B. Roberts to purchase a water jug. Roberts purchased a five-gallon jug for 30¢ from a local variety store. In the chaos that ensued when the Minnesota crowd rushed onto the field, the Wolverines left the jug behind. Thomas Roberts, writing in 1956, stated that the jug had served its purpose, so he intentionally left it sitting on the field. The next day, custodian Oscar Munson brought the jug to L. J. Cooke, head of the Minnesota athletics department. Cooke and Munson painted the jug brown and wrote on it, "Michigan Jug – Captured by Oscar, October 31, 1903." According to legend, Yost sent a letter asking for the jug to be returned, and Cooke wrote in response: "We have your little brown jug; if you want it, you'll have to win it." Yost returned with his team in 1909 to reclaim the jug, and the two teams have awarded the jug to the winner of their annual rivalry game.


Michigan 36, Ohio State 0

After suffering its first setback since the 1900 season, Michigan returned to Ann Arbor for a November 7 game against Ohio State. The Wolverines defeated the Buckeyes 36 to 0. On the opening drive, Herb Graver had runs of 30 and 20 yards, the latter resulting in the game's first touchdown. Within the game's first five minutes, Michigan had scored its second touchdown. Graver scored Michigan's third touchdown on a 30-yard run, but the Ohio State defense grew more stubborn. The first half ended with a score of 36 to 0. ''The Michigan Alumnus'' credited Gregory's work on the line and long runs by Herb Graver with Michigan's edge in the first half. Graver led the Michigan scoring with five first half touchdowns, good for 25 points. Michigan drove to the Ohio State five-yard line on the opening drive of the second half, but lost the ball on a fumble. Later in the second half, Jones of Ohio recovered a fumble by Fred Norcross, and ran the ball over a clear field toward the Michigan goal. Curtis Redden caught up with Jones and tackled him at Michigan's 20-yard line. '"The Michigan Alumnus" cited Redden as having on several occasions been "the one saving element in Michigan's defense." No points were scored by either team in the second half, as "the men from Columbus played the Varsity to a standstill." The game consisted of 55 minutes of playing time – a 30-minute first half and a 25-minute second half. Through the first nine games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 479 points and had played between 386 and 406 minutes.


Michigan 16, Wisconsin 0

On November 14, 1903, Michigan played Wisconsin in a game starting at 2:00 pm on Ferry Field. Michigan won the game, played in 35-minute halves, by a score of 16 to 0. ''The New York Times'' called it "one of the cleanest football games every played here." Although Michigan outgained Wisconsin 165 yards to 55 yards and kept the ball "almost constantly in Wisconsin's territory," the first half ended in a scoreless tie. Michigan continued to have difficulty reaching Wisconsin's goal in the second half and relied on Tom Hammond to kick two field goals, good for five points each under 1903 rules. Hammond's first field goal came on a place-kick from the 24-yard line. The snap to James was high, but he placed it accurately and "Hammond made as beautiful a field goal as was ever seen on any grounds." Hammond's final field goal came on "a marvelous place-kick from Wisconsin's 45-yard line." Herb Graver accounted for Michigan's only long runs, and the sole touchdown was scored by Joe Maddock on a "mass play" from the five-yard line. ''The Michigan Alumnus'' noted that the game was marked by "thorough sportsmanship" and played in "propitious weather" in front of a crowd of approximately 8,0000 estimated to be the second largest ever assembled at Ferry Field. The ''Alumnus'' also offered the following comparison with Yost's 1902 team: "It was the impression of many alumni who were for the first time viewing the men in action, that in speed and certainly the team's offensive play fell somewhat below the standard of last years' eleven." Through the first ten games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 495 points and had played between 456 and 476 minutes.


Michigan 42, Oberlin 0

Michigan played its final home game against Oberlin College. Michigan's starting backfield did not play in the game in order to avoid injuries prior to the Chicago game. In 45 minutes of playing time (first half of 25 minutes, second half of 20 minutes), Michigan scored 42 points. Wolfe, from Hyde Park, Illinois, made his first appearance for Michigan and was credited with the longest run of the game, 25 yards. Joe Curtis led the scoring with 16 points on three touchdowns and a point after touchdown kick. Tom Hammond missed three kicks for field goals. Oberlin had only two first downs in the game. University of Chicago coach Amos Alonzo Stagg attended the game and opined afterward that he picked Michigan as a slight favorite against his own team on Thanksgiving Day. Through the first 11 games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 537 points and had played between 501 and 521 minutes.


Michigan 28, Chicago 0

Michigan concluded the 1903 season with its traditional rivalry game in Chicago against
Amos Alonzo Stagg Amos Alonzo Stagg (August 16, 1862 – March 17, 1965) was an American athlete and college coach in multiple sports, primarily American football. He served as the head football coach at the International YMCA Training School (now called Springfiel ...
's
Chicago Maroons The Chicago Maroons are the intercollegiate sports teams of the University of Chicago. They are named after the color maroon. Team colors are maroon and gray, and the Phoenix is their mascot. They now compete in the NCAA Division III, mostly as ...
. ''The New York Times'' reported that the game was attended by a record-setting crowd: "All records for attendance were broken, fully 20,000 enthusiastic spectators braving a heavy snowfall to see the game." Another account placed the attendance at 15,000. ''The Michigan Alumnus'' noted that Michigan men regarded Chicago as "their dearest rival," and the Thanksgiving Day game at Marshall Field marked the culmination of the season. A blizzard threatened cancellation of the game, but the snow stopped suddenly and the wind died down in the early afternoon. The game was commenced at 2:00 pm after seven or eight inches of snow were cleared from the field. Stagg's 1903 team featured three future
College Football Hall of Fame The College Football Hall of Fame is a hall of fame and interactive attraction devoted to college football. The National Football Foundation (NFF) founded the Hall in 1951 to immortalize the players and coaches of college football that were vo ...
inductees:
Walter Eckersall Walter Herbert "Eckie" Eckersall (June 17, 1883 – March 24, 1930) was an American college football player, official, and sportswriter for the ''Chicago Tribune''. He played for the Maroons of the University of Chicago, and was elected to the ...
at quarterback,
Hugo Bezdek Hugo Francis Bezdek (April 1, 1884 – September 19, 1952) was a Czech American athlete who played American football and was a coach of football, basketball, and baseball. He was the head football coach at the University of Oregon (1906, 1913†...
at right halfback, and
Tiny Maxwell Robert Wallace "Tiny" Maxwell (September 7, 1884 – June 30, 1922) was a professional football player and referee. He was also a sports editor with the ''Philadelphia Public Ledger''. Biography Early life Maxwell was born in Chicago on Septemb ...
at right tackle. All-American
Frederick A. Speik Frederick Adolph Speik (January 26, 1882 – June 30, 1940) was an American college football player and coach. He played for the University of Chicago from 1901 to 1904 and was selected as a first-team All-American in 1904. He was the head footb ...
also played at left end for the 1903 Maroons. The two teams were expected to be evenly matched, but the game, played on a snowy and slippery field, proved to be one-sided. Chicago was handicapped by the illness of Coach Stagg who directed the game from a closed carriage where he lay "bundled up in blankets." Michigan scored on every drive in the first half, save one, and Chicago made only one first down in the first half. Eckersall's defensive play was praised in accounts of the game, though, on one play, Willie Heston eluded Eckersall "by a well-timed hurdle" for a 20-yard gain. Heston scored two touchdowns, but Tom Hammond was the leading scorer with 13 points on two field goals (five points each) and three point after touchdown kicks. The game was played in halves of 35 and 20 minutes, with the second half being cut short to avoid playing after darkness had fallen. Walter Camp attended the game, watching from the sidelines. Camp offered the following comments:
"The helping of the men on the Michigan team was high-grade football. Their work at helping the man with the ball was as good as that displayed in any game I have seen this season. This is the first western game I have witnessed this year. I was particularly impressed with the work of Heston as a halfback."
The ''Chicago Daily Tribune'' opened its game coverage, "The premature blizzard which descended on Chicago yesterday made it anything but an ideal football day, but that driving snow storm was gentleness itself compared to what was in store for Chicago's two football elevens." The ''Detroit Free Press'' called it "the most severe drubbing ever administered to the Maroons in the history of football of that institution." Noted sports writer Joe S. Jackson wrote: "Chicago was not beaten – it was run over, buffeted about, almost made the sport of its opponents at times . . ." The Michigan team was the guest of the Studebaker Theatre the evening after the game. At a post-season dinner, Fielding Yost said that he regarded Michigan's play in the Chicago game to be "the best he had ever seen by a Michigan team during his three years here." Michigan's captain, Curtis Redden, opined that the spectators saw "the finest exhibition of speed and team work ever seen in the West."1904 Michiganensian
p. 139
Through all 12 games of the 1903 season, the Wolverines scored 565 points and played between 556 and 576 minutes.


Post-season

Prior to the Chicago game, Fielding Yost announced that he had consented to coach the Michigan football team for another year in 1904. ''The Michigan Alumnus'' applauded the announcement: "Michigan football teams, under Coach Yost's regime have never lost and have always played fair. Every loyal Michigan man will hail Mr. Yost's decision with delight, and count his stay a guarantee of a fourth season of clean and successful football." On December 16, 1903, the team's official portrait was taken, and Willie Heston was elected captain of the 1904 team. That night, local businessmen hosted a dinner for the team. Team captain Redden summarized the 1903 season: "With the poorest prospects and in the face of the greatest obstacles, to achieve the success she did – Michigan may well look back to the season of nineteen hundred and three as one of the most brilliant in her football history." The 1903 season saw the final appearance of several players, including Curtis Redden, Joe Maddock, George Gregory, and Herb Graver. Nevertheless, with Willie Heston, Joe Curtis, Tom Hammond, and Fred Norcross returning, ''The Michigan Alumnus'' noted that the promise for the 1904 season was good.
Cecil Gooding Cecil Gooding (May 1883 – January 5, 1904) was an American football player. Gooding attended Ann Arbor High School where he played football. He enrolled as an engineering student at the University of Michigan in the fall of 1901. He playe ...
contracted
typhoid fever Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is a disease caused by '' Salmonella'' serotype Typhi bacteria. Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over severa ...
following the Minnesota game in late November 1903. It was believed that he contracted the illness from drinking the water while in
Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = List of sovereign states, Count ...
for the game. He died five weeks later. He was the first
Michigan Wolverines football The Michigan Wolverines football team represents the University of Michigan in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. Michigan has the most all-time wins in college football history. The team is known for its ...
player to die while attending the school. Following his death, ''The Michigan Alumnus'' wrote: "He had striven conscientiously to perfect himself in the game and earned the respect of coaches, players and spectators. He was a reliable, hard-working guard who never under any circumstances played anything but a sportsmanlike game. He was a ''man'' off the field and on."


Ralph Rose controversy

In the spring of 1904, a controversy arose over allegations published in the ''San Francisco Chronicle'' that Yost had promised Ralph Rose, a 6-foot, 6-inch, 250-pound athlete from California, a job in the library and membership in a fraternity if he enrolled at Michigan. Yost denied the charges, and ''The Michigan Alumnus'' wrote that student positions in the library paid no more than cents per hour, and Rose had received no such job in any event. Nor had he been made a member of any fraternity. In the end, Rose never played for Michigan's football team. Despite his size and strength, he lacked the speed to compete effectively in Yost's fast-paced style of football. Instead, Rose competed in the
shot put The shot put is a track and field event involving "putting" (throwing) a heavy spherical ball—the ''shot''—as far as possible. The shot put competition for men has been a part of the modern Olympics since their revival in 1896, and women's c ...
for Michigan, setting a new world's record in May 1904. He went on to win the gold medal in the shot put at the 1904, 1908 and 1912 Summer Olympics and died in 1913 from typhoid fever at age 28.


Players


Varsity letter winners

The following 12 players received varsity "M" letters for their participation on the 1903 football team:


Scoring leaders


Non-letter winners and reserves

*Harold Baker, Rochester, New York * Rolla Bigelow,
Owosso, Michigan Owosso is the largest city in Shiawassee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 15,194 at the 2010 census. The city is mostly surrounded by Owosso Township on its west, but the two are administered autonomously. The city wa ...
– started 1 game at fullback, 1 game at left halfback *Ray Forrest Barnett, Ann Arbor, Michigan *Harry S. Bartlett, Detroit, Michigan *David E. Beardsley, Kalamazoo, Michigan *Walter Coooley Becker, Chicago, Illinois *Charles A. Briggs, Red Oak, Iowa * William Dennison Clark, Detroit, Michigan *Carl H. Clement, Toledo, Ohio *
James DePree James "J. D." DePree, also known as Jim DePree, (March 14, 1879 – July 1, 1972) was an American football player and coach of football and baseball. He was the fifth head coach for the University of Tennessee The University of Tennessee (o ...
,
Grand Rapids, Michigan Grand Rapids is a city and county seat of Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. At the 2020 census, the city had a population of 198,917 which ranks it as the second most-populated city in the state after Detroit. Grand Rapids is th ...
– started 1 game at right halfback *Edward W. Dickey, Weiser, Idaho *Francis J. Dingeman, Detroit, Michigan *Frank Langdon Doty, Pontiac, Michigan *
David L. Dunlap David Lewis Dunlap (December 7, 1877 – July 9, 1954) was an American football player and coach of football, basketball, and baseball, college athletics administrator, and physician. He played football for the University of Michigan's "Point-a- ...
,
Hopkinton, Iowa Hopkinton is a city in Delaware County, Iowa, United States. The population was 622 at the time of the 2020 census. History Hopkinton was laid out in 1850, and it was incorporated in 1874. The city is the former home of Lenox College, a small ...
– started 1 game at right end *George Palmer Edmonds,
Wayne, Michigan Wayne is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 17,593 at the 2010 census. Wayne has a long history of automotive and transportation related manufacturing. Ford Motor Company currently has two plants in Wayn ...
– started 1 game at right tackle *Walter L. Eyke,
Muskegon, Michigan Muskegon ( ') is a city in Michigan. It is the county seat of Muskegon County. Muskegon is known for fishing, sailing regattas, pleasure boating, and as a commercial and cruise ship port. It is a popular vacation destination because of the expans ...
– started 2 games at right tackle *Glenn R.C. Faling, Toledo, Ohio *
John Garrels John Carlyle Garrels (November 18, 1885 – October 21, 1956) was an American athlete who excelled in the 110 metres hurdles, discus throw, shot put, and as a fullback and end in American football. Garrels won the silver medal in ...
, Detroit, Michigan *Edward P. "Ted" Hammond, Detroit, Michigan – started 2 games at center * Harry S. Hammond, Chicago, IL *John F. Hincks, Manistee, Michigan *Howard Howie, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan *
Paul J. Jones Paul J. Jones (November 4, 1880 – August 4, 1965) was an American college football player and coach and United States federal judge. He played fullback for the University of Michigan's national championship football team in 1902 and became the ...
, Youngstown, Ohio *Ross H. Kidston, La Grange, Illinois *John F. Lewis, Covington, Indiana *Earl M. Nisen, Union Grove, Wisconsin *Harry E. Patrick, Detroit, Michigan *Eugene E. Person, Buffalo, New York *George Martin Read, Augusta, Illinois *Forest Don Redden, Rossville, Illinois *Mason Pittman Rumney, Detroit, Michigan *Rueben S. Schmidt, Los Angeles, California *
Fred Schule Frederick William Schule (September 27, 1879 – September 14, 1962) was an American track and field athlete, football player, athletic coach, teacher, bacteriologist, and engineer. He competed for the track and field teams at the University ...
, Chicago, Illinois *Robert P. Shorts, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan *Duncan Thomson, Chicago, Illinois – started 1 game at right halfback *Hal Weeks,
Allegan, Michigan Allegan ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. Its population was 5,222 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Allegan County. It lies within Allegan Township but is administratively autonomous. History The men after whom Allegan's ...
– started 1 game at left halfback *William R. Weeks, Allegan, Michigan *Roswell Murray Wendell, Detroit, Michigan *Paul Work, Elkhart, Indiana *Harry A. Workman, Chicago, Illinois


Coaching personnel

* Fielding H. Yost, head coach *
Dan McGugin Daniel Earle McGugin (July 29, 1879 â€“ January 23, 1936) was an American football player and coach, as well as a lawyer. He served as the head football coach at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee from 1904 to 1917 and again from ...
, assistant coach *
Keene Fitzpatrick Dennis Keene Fitzpatrick (December 25, 1864 – May 22, 1944) was an American track coach, athletic trainer, professor of physical training and gymnasium director for 42 years at Yale University (1890–1891, 1896–1898), the University of Mic ...
, trainer *
Charles A. Baird Charles A. Baird (January 17, 1870 – November 30, 1944) was an American football manager, university athletic director, and banker. He was the manager of the University of Michigan football team from 1893 to 1895 and the school's first athlet ...
, athletic director * Thomas B. Roberts, manager


Awards and honors

* Captain:
Curtis Redden Curtis Gerald "Cap" Redden (February 8, 1881 – January 16, 1919) was an American football player. He was the starting left end for the University of Michigan's football team from 1901 to 1904. He played for Michigan's "Point-a-Minute" teams a ...
*
All-Americans The All-America designation is an annual honor bestowed upon an amateur sports person from the United States who is considered to be one of the best amateurs in their sport. Individuals receiving this distinction are typically added to an All-Am ...
: William Heston (WC-1),
Herb Graver Herbert Spencer Graver Sr. (August 29, 1880 – August 6, 1954) was an American football player and coach and businessman. He played at the end, halfback, fullback, and quarterback positions for Fielding H. Yost's renowned 1901, 1902 and 190 ...
(WC-3),
Curtis Redden Curtis Gerald "Cap" Redden (February 8, 1881 – January 16, 1919) was an American football player. He was the starting left end for the University of Michigan's football team from 1901 to 1904. He played for Michigan's "Point-a-Minute" teams a ...
(WC-3; SA-1) * All-Western: Joseph Maddock (Walter Camp, Chicago Record-Herald), William Heston (Walter Camp, Chicago Record-Herald), Curtis Redden (Walter Camp, Chicago Record-Herald), Herb Graver (Chicago Record-Herald)


References


External links


1903 Football Team – Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan Athletics History

Michigan Alumnus, 1903–1904
– includes accounts of each game
1904 Michiganensian
– University of Michigan yearbook for the 1903–1904 academic year
Footage of Chicago game
{{Big Ten Conference football champions
Michigan Michigan () is a state in the Great Lakes region of the upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the 10th-largest state by population, the 11th-largest by area, and t ...
Michigan Wolverines football seasons College football national champions Big Ten Conference football champion seasons College football undefeated seasons
Michigan Wolverines football The Michigan Wolverines football team represents the University of Michigan in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. Michigan has the most all-time wins in college football history. The team is known for its ...