The Ammiyya ( ar, الثورة العامية في جبل حوران, ', or ar, italic=yes, ʿĀmmiyya) was a revolt against
Ottoman rule in
Syria
Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
in 1889–1890. The tenant farmers and farmworkers sought to curb the abuses of local
sheikh
Sheikh (pronounced or ; ar, شيخ ' , mostly pronounced , plural ' )—also transliterated sheekh, sheyikh, shaykh, shayk, shekh, shaik and Shaikh, shak—is an honorific title in the Arabic language. It commonly designates a chief of a ...
s, restricting them to ⅛ of the communal land. They also wanted to partition the rest of the communal land into individual plots outside the sheikh's control, ending their ability to evict poor farmers.
Druze
The Druze (; ar, دَرْزِيٌّ, ' or ', , ') are an Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group from Western Asia who adhere to the Druze faith, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, syncretic, and ethnic religion based on the teachings of ...
opposition was led by the
Atrash family
The al-Atrash ( ar, الأطرش ), also known as Bani al-Atrash, is a Druze clan based in Jabal Hauran in southwestern Syria. The family's name ''al-atrash'' is Arabic for "the deaf" and derives from one the family's deaf patriarchs. The a ...
.
The revolt was largely successful in its aims, restricting the sheikhs to ⅛ of the village land and establishing the system of land tenure which continued in Syria through the
Assad regime
Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
. Desire to placate the locals also prompted the concessions to
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
and
Belgian companies that led to the
DHP DHP may refer to:
* Damascus–Hama and Extensions (''Damas-Hamah et Prolongements''), a former Lebanese railway line
**Sika Club Beirut, also known as D.H.P., a former association football club in Lebanon
*''Dark Horse Presents'', a former antholo ...
, the area's first railway.
See also
*
Long Depression, the economic depression at the time which caused falling prices for
Hawran wheat
*
Abdul Hamid II
Abdülhamid or Abdul Hamid II ( ota, عبد الحميد ثانی, Abd ül-Hamid-i Sani; tr, II. Abdülhamid; 21 September 1842 10 February 1918) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 31 August 1876 to 27 April 1909, and the last sultan to ...
, the sultan at the time
References
Citations
Bibliography
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Rebellions against the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Syria
Conflicts in 1889
Conflicts in 1890
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