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Suminia
''Suminia'' is an extinct genus of basal anomodont that lived during the Tatarian age of the late Permian, spanning approximately from 268-252 Ma.Rybczynski N. 2000. Cranial anatomy and phylogenetic position of Suminia getmanovi, a basal anomodont (Amniota: Therapsida) from the Late Permian of Eastern Europe. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 130:329–73 ''Suminia'' is recognized the youngest non-dicynodont anomodont.Ivachnenko MF. 1994. A new Late Permian dromasaurian (Anomodontia) from Eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal 28: 96- 103. Its fossil localities are primarily derived from the Kotel’nich locality of the Kirov region in Russia. However, there have been some isolated specimen found in a few different localities, all from eastern European regions of Russia.Fröbisch, J. and Reisz, R. R. 2011. The postcranial anatomy of Suminia getmanovi (Synapsida: Anomodontia), the earliest known arboreal tetrapod. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 162: 661–698. ''Suminia'', along wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suminia Scale
''Suminia'' is an extinct genus of basal anomodont that lived during the Tatarian age of the late Permian, spanning approximately from 268-252 Ma.Rybczynski N. 2000. Cranial anatomy and phylogenetic position of Suminia getmanovi, a basal anomodont (Amniota: Therapsida) from the Late Permian of Eastern Europe. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 130:329–73 ''Suminia'' is recognized the youngest non-dicynodont anomodont.Ivachnenko MF. 1994. A new Late Permian dromasaurian (Anomodontia) from Eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal 28: 96- 103. Its fossil localities are primarily derived from the Kotel’nich locality of the Kirov region in Russia. However, there have been some isolated specimen found in a few different localities, all from eastern European regions of Russia.Fröbisch, J. and Reisz, R. R. 2011. The postcranial anatomy of Suminia getmanovi (Synapsida: Anomodontia), the earliest known arboreal tetrapod. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 162: 661–698. ''Suminia'', along wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suminia
''Suminia'' is an extinct genus of basal anomodont that lived during the Tatarian age of the late Permian, spanning approximately from 268-252 Ma.Rybczynski N. 2000. Cranial anatomy and phylogenetic position of Suminia getmanovi, a basal anomodont (Amniota: Therapsida) from the Late Permian of Eastern Europe. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 130:329–73 ''Suminia'' is recognized the youngest non-dicynodont anomodont.Ivachnenko MF. 1994. A new Late Permian dromasaurian (Anomodontia) from Eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal 28: 96- 103. Its fossil localities are primarily derived from the Kotel’nich locality of the Kirov region in Russia. However, there have been some isolated specimen found in a few different localities, all from eastern European regions of Russia.Fröbisch, J. and Reisz, R. R. 2011. The postcranial anatomy of Suminia getmanovi (Synapsida: Anomodontia), the earliest known arboreal tetrapod. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 162: 661–698. ''Suminia'', along wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venyukovioidea
Venyukovioidea is an infraorder of anomodont therapsids related to dicynodonts from the Permian of Russia. They have also known as Venjukovioidea, as well as by the similar names Venyukoviamorpha or Venjukoviamorpha in literature. This in part owes to a misspelling by Russian palaeontologist Ivan Efremov in 1940 when he mistakenly spelt '' Venyukovia'', the namesake of the group, with a 'j' instead of a 'y' (i.e. ''Venjukovia''), which permeated through subsequent therapsid literature before the mistake was caught and corrected. The order Ulemicia has also been coined for a similar taxonomic concept in Russian scientific literature, which notably excludes ''Suminia'' and ''Parasuminia''. Venyukovioidea includes the genera ''Venyukovia'', '' Otsheria'', '' Ulemica'', '' Suminia'' and ''Parasuminia'', all from Western Siberia. Historically, some of these genera have been placed in various families and subfamilies, including the Venyukoviidae/Venjukoviidae, Otsheriidae, and Ule ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anomodont
Anomodontia is an extinct group of non-mammalian therapsids from the Permian and Triassic periods. By far the most speciose group are the dicynodonts, a clade of beaked, tusked herbivores.Chinsamy-Turan, A. (2011) ''Forerunners of Mammals: Radiation - Histology - Biology''p.39.Indiana University Press, . Retrieved May 2012 Anomodonts were very diverse during the Middle Permian, including primitive forms like ''Anomocephalus'' and ''Patranomodon'' and groups like Venyukovioidea and Dromasauria. Dicynodonts became the most successful and abundant of all herbivores in the Late Permian, filling ecological niches ranging from large browsers down to small burrowers. Few dicynodont families survived the Permian–Triassic extinction event, but one lineage (Kannemeyeriiformes) evolved into large, stocky forms that became dominant terrestrial herbivores right until the Late Triassic, when changing conditions caused them to decline, finally going extinct during the Triassic-Jurassic ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arboreal
Arboreal locomotion is the locomotion of animals in trees. In habitats in which trees are present, animals have evolved to move in them. Some animals may scale trees only occasionally, but others are exclusively arboreal. The habitats pose numerous mechanical challenges to animals moving through them and lead to a variety of anatomical, behavioral and ecological consequences as well as variations throughout different species.Cartmill, M. (1985). Climbing. In ''Functional Vertebrate Morphology'', eds. M. Hildebrand D. M. Bramble K. F. Liem and D. B. Wake, pp. 73–88. Cambridge: Belknap Press. Furthermore, many of these same principles may be applied to climbing without trees, such as on rock piles or mountains. Some animals are exclusively arboreal in habitat, such as the tree snail. Biomechanics Arboreal habitats pose numerous mechanical challenges to animals moving in them, which have been solved in diverse ways. These challenges include moving on narrow branches, mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prehensile
Prehensility is the quality of an appendage or organ that has adapted for grasping or holding. The word is derived from the Latin term ''prehendere'', meaning "to grasp". The ability to grasp is likely derived from a number of different origins. The most common are tree-climbing and the need to manipulate food. Examples Appendages that can become prehensile include: Uses Prehensility affords animals a great natural advantage in manipulating their environment for feeding, climbing, digging, and defense. It enables many animals, such as primates, to use tools to complete tasks that would otherwise be impossible without highly specialized anatomy. For example, chimpanzees have the ability to use sticks to obtain termites and grubs in a manner similar to human fishing Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish. Fish are often caught as wildlife from the natural environment, but may also be caught from stocked bodies of water such as ponds, canals, park wetlands a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicynodonts
Dicynodontia is an extinct clade of anomodonts, an extinct type of non-mammalian therapsid. Dicynodonts were herbivorous animals with a pair of tusks, hence their name, which means 'two dog tooth'. Members of the group possessed a horny, typically toothless beak, unique amongst all synapsids. Dicynodonts first appeared in Southern Pangaea during the mid-Permian, ca. 270–260 million years ago, and became globally distributed and the dominant herbivorous animals in the Late Permian, ca. 260–252 Mya. They were devastated by the end-Permian Extinction that wiped out most other therapsids ca. 252 Mya. They rebounded during the Triassic but died out towards the end of that period. They were the most successful and diverse of the non-mammalian therapsids, with over 70 genera known, varying from rat-sized burrowers to elephant-sized browsers. Characteristics The dicynodont skull is highly specialised, light but strong, with the synapsid temporal openings at the rear of the skull ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulemica
''Ulemica'' is an extinct genus of venyukovioid therapsids, a type of anomodont related to dicynodonts. It lived during the Middle Permian period in what is now Russia, and is known from the Isheevo assemblage of the Amanakskaya Formation. The type species, ''U. invisa'', was originally placed in the genus '' Venyukovia'' by Russian palaeontologist Ivan Efremov in 1940. It was later given its own genus ''Ulemica'' in 1996 by Mikhaïl Ivakhnenko, who also named a second species ''U. efremovi''. Efremov had originally intended to name the fossils of ''U. invisa'' as 'Myctosuchus invisus', however, he later recognised their similarity to ''Venyukovia'' and chose to assign the Isheevo material to this genus and leaving 'Myctosuchus' a ''nomen nudum''. ''Ulemica'' is known from multiple skulls and jaws from individuals of various ages, mostly of ''U. invisa'', while ''U. efremovi'' is known only by a single skull. An unusual feature of ''Ulemica'' is a pair of prominent bony bosses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galeops
''Galeops'' is an extinct genus of anomodont therapsids from the Middle-Late Permian of South Africa. It was described by Robert Broom in 1912. Some cladistic analyses have recovered it as closely related to dicynodonts. See also * List of therapsids This list of therapsids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the Therapsida excluding mammals and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera tha ... References Anomodont genera Fossil taxa described in 1912 Taxa named by Robert Broom {{anomodont-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiarajudens
''Tiarajudens'' (" Tiaraju tooth") is an extinct genus of saber-toothed herbivorous anomodonts which lived during the Middle Permian period ( Capitanian stage) in what is now Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is known from the holotype UFRGS PV393P, a nearly complete skull. The type species ''T. eccentricus'' was named in 2011. Description ''Tiarajudens'' is a member of Anomodontia, a suborder of therapsids. Like other anomodonts, it was a quadrupedal herbivore about the size of a wild boar. The single fragmented holotype skull is short and robust at about in length. The most prominent features of ''Tiarajudens'' are its two large saber-like canine teeth. These teeth are unlike the tusks of dicynodonts, a later group of anomodonts. Twenty-one high- crowned teeth are present on either side of the upper jaw, including spoon-shaped incisors. Wide palatal teeth are also present. The top and bottom sets of teeth fit closely together, much like the teeth of mammals, allowing it t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biseridens
''Biseridens'' ("two rows of teeth") is an extinct genus of anomodont therapsid, and one of the most basal anomodont genera known. Originally known from a partial skull misidentified as an eotitanosuchian in 1997, another well-preserved skull was found in the Qingtoushan Formation in the Qilian Mountains of Gansu, China, in 2009 that clarified its relationships to anomodonts, such as the dicynodonts. Among tetrapod taxa, the therapsid clade anomodontia in which ''Biseridens'' belong has one of the largest population sizes, highest levels of diversity, and longest stratigraphic range (Middle Permian to the Triassic, possibly into the Cretaceous), as well as being one of the only clades known from all the continents. Primarily understood from the recently discovered, most-well preserved specimen, ''Biseridens'' is most notably distinguishable as an anomodont due to its short snout, dorsally elevated zygomatic arch, and presence of a septomaxilla that distinctly lacks a facial expo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galechirus
''Galechirus'' is an extinct genus of anomodont therapsids. It was about 30 cm (1 ft) long. Description ''Galechirus'' was lizard-like in appearance. It is considered to be a dicynodont by some paleontologists; others think ''Galechirus'' is a younger form of a larger therapsid. Judging from its teeth, it was an insectivore. See also * List of therapsids This list of therapsids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the Therapsida excluding mammals and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera tha ... References Anomodont genera Lopingian genus first appearances Lopingian genus extinctions Lopingian synapsids of Africa Permian South Africa Fossils of South Africa Fossil taxa described in 1907 Taxa named by Robert Broom {{anomodont-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
