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ANSI Escape Code
ANSI escape sequences are a standard for in-band signaling to control cursor location, color, font styling, and other options on video text terminals and terminal emulators. Certain sequences of bytes, most starting with an ASCII escape character and a bracket character, are embedded into text. The terminal interprets these sequences as commands, rather than text to display verbatim. ANSI sequences were introduced in the 1970s to replace vendor-specific sequences and became widespread in the computer equipment market by the early 1980s. They are used in development, scientific, commercial text-based applications as well as bulletin board systems to offer standardized functionality. Although hardware text terminals have become increasingly rare in the 21st century, the relevance of the ANSI standard persists because a great majority of terminal emulators and command consoles interpret at least a portion of the ANSI standard. History Almost all manufacturers of video termi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Htop
htop is an interactive system-monitor process-viewer and process-manager. It is designed as an alternative to the Unix program top. System monitor It shows a frequently updated list of the processes running on a computer, normally ordered by the amount of CPU usage. Unlike top, htop provides a full list of processes running, instead of the top resource-consuming processes. htop uses color and gives visual information about processor, swap and memory status. htop can also display the processes as a tree. Users often deploy htop in cases where Unix top does not provide enough information about the system's processes. htop is also popularly used interactively as a system monitor. Compared to top, it provides a more convenient, visual, cursor-controlled interface for sending signals to processes. htop is written in the C programming language using the ncurses library. Its name is derived from the original author's first name, as a nod to pinfo, an info-replacement program ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Escape Character
In computing and telecommunication, an escape character is a character (computing), character that invokes an alternative interpretation on the following characters in a character sequence. An escape character is a particular case of metacharacters. Generally, the judgement of whether something is an escape character or not depends on the context. In the telecommunications field, escape characters are used to indicate that the following characters are encoded differently. This is used to alter control characters that would otherwise be noticed and acted on by the underlying telecommunications hardware. In this context, the use of escape characters is often referred to as quoting. Definition An escape character may not have its own meaning, so all escape sequences are of two or more characters. Escape characters are part of the formal syntax, syntax for many programming languages, data formats, and communication protocols. For a given alphabet (computer science), alphabet an es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VT100
The VT100 is a video terminal, introduced in August 1978 by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). It was one of the first terminals to support ANSI escape codes for cursor control and other tasks, and added a number of extended codes for special features like controlling the status lights on the keyboard. This led to rapid uptake of the ANSI standard, which became the de facto standard for hardware video terminals and later terminal emulators. The VT100 series, especially the VT102, was extremely successful in the market, and made DEC the leading terminal vendor at the time. The VT100 series was replaced by the VT200 series starting in 1983, which proved equally successful. Ultimately, over six million terminals in the VT series were sold, based largely on the success of the VT100. Description DEC's first video terminal was the VT05 (1970), succeeded by the VT50 (1974), and soon upgraded to the VT52 (1975). The VT52 featured a text display with 80 columns and 24 rows, bidir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digital Equipment Corporation
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC ), using the trademark Digital, was a major American company in the computer industry from the 1960s to the 1990s. The company was co-founded by Ken Olsen and Harlan Anderson in 1957. Olsen was president until forced to resign in 1992, after the company had gone into precipitous decline. The company produced many different product lines over its history. It is best known for the work in the minicomputer market starting in the mid-1960s. The company produced a series of machines known as the PDP line, with the PDP-8 and PDP-11 being among the most successful minis in history. Their success was only surpassed by another DEC product, the late-1970s VAX "supermini" systems that were designed to replace the PDP-11. Although a number of competitors had successfully competed with Digital through the 1970s, the VAX cemented the company's place as a leading vendor in the computer space. As microcomputers improved in the late 1980s, especially ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American National Standards Institute
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI ) is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The organization also coordinates U.S. standards with international standards so that American products can be used worldwide. ANSI accredits standards that are developed by representatives of other standards organizations, government agencies, consumer groups, companies, and others. These standards ensure that the characteristics and performance of products are consistent, that people use the same definitions and terms, and that products are tested the same way. ANSI also accredits organizations that carry out product or personnel certification in accordance with requirements defined in international standards. The organization's headquarters are in Washington, D.C. ANSI's operations office is located in New York City. The ANSI annual operati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISO 646
ISO/IEC 646 is a set of ISO/IEC standards, described as ''Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange'' and developed in cooperation with ASCII at least since 1964. Since its first edition in 1967 it has specified a 7- bit character code from which several national standards are derived. ISO/IEC 646 was also ratified by ECMA as ECMA-6. The first version of ECMA-6 had been published in 1965, based on work the ECMA's Technical Committee TC1 had carried out since December 1960. Characters in the ISO/IEC 646 Basic Character Set are ''invariant characters''. Since that portion of ISO/IEC 646, that is the ''invariant character set'' shared by all countries, specified only those letters used in the ISO basic Latin alphabet, countries using additional letters needed to create national variants of ISO/IEC 646 to be able to use their native scripts. Since transmission and storage of 8-bit codes was not standard at the ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ECMA-6
ISO/IEC 646 is a set of ISO/IEC standards, described as ''Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange'' and developed in cooperation with ASCII at least since 1964. Since its first edition in 1967 it has specified a 7- bit character code from which several national standards are derived. ISO/IEC 646 was also ratified by ECMA as ECMA-6. The first version of ECMA-6 had been published in 1965, based on work the ECMA's Technical Committee TC1 had carried out since December 1960. Characters in the ISO/IEC 646 Basic Character Set are ''invariant characters''. Since that portion of ISO/IEC 646, that is the ''invariant character set'' shared by all countries, specified only those letters used in the ISO basic Latin alphabet, countries using additional letters needed to create national variants of ISO/IEC 646 to be able to use their native scripts. Since transmission and storage of 8-bit codes was not standard at the ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Application Programming Interface
An application programming interface (API) is a way for two or more computer programs to communicate with each other. It is a type of software interface, offering a service to other pieces of software. A document or standard that describes how to build or use such a connection or interface is called an ''API specification''. A computer system that meets this standard is said to ''implement'' or ''expose'' an API. The term API may refer either to the specification or to the implementation. In contrast to a user interface, which connects a computer to a person, an application programming interface connects computers or pieces of software to each other. It is not intended to be used directly by a person (the end user) other than a computer programmer who is incorporating it into the software. An API is often made up of different parts which act as tools or services that are available to the programmer. A program or a programmer that uses one of these parts is said to ''call'' th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tput
In computing, tput is a standard Unix operating system command which makes use of terminal capabilities. Depending on the system, ''tput'' uses the terminfo or termcap database, as well as looking into the environment for the terminal type. History ''Tput'' was provided in UNIX System V in the early 1980s. A clone of the AT&T ''tput'' was submitted to volume 7 of the mod.sources newsgroup (later comp.sources.unix) in September 1986. In contrast to the System V program, the clone used termcap rather than terminfo. It accepted command-line parameters for the cm (cursor addressing) capability, and recognized terminfo capability names. System V Release 3 provided an improved version which combined the different initialization capabilities as a new option init, and the reset capabilities as reset, thereby simplifying use of ''tput'' for initializing or reinitializing the terminal. System V Release 3.2 added several printer-specific capabilities to the terminfo database, such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Termcap
Termcap (''terminal capability'') is a software library and database used on Unix-like computers. It enables programs to use display computer terminals in a device-independent manner, which greatly simplifies the process of writing portable text mode applications. Bill Joy wrote the first termcap library in 1978 for the Berkeley Unix operating system; it has since been ported to most Unix and Unix-like environments, even OS-9. Joy's design was reportedly influenced by the design of the terminal data store in the earlier Incompatible Timesharing System. A termcap database can describe the capabilities of hundreds of different display terminals. This allows programs to have character-based display output, independent of the type of terminal. On-screen text editors such as vi and emacs are examples of programs that may use termcap. Other programs are listed in the Termcap category. Examples of what the database describes: *how many columns wide the display is *what string ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hazeltine 1500
The Hazeltine 1500 was a popular smart terminal introduced by Hazeltine Corporation in April 1977 at a price of . Using a microprocessor and semiconductor random access memory, it implemented the basic features of the earlier Hazeltine 2000 in a much smaller and less expensive system, less than half the price. It came to market just as the microcomputer revolution was taking off, and the 1500 was very popular among early hobbyist users. Two modified versions were introduced in June 1977, the Hazeltine 1510 and Hazeltine 1520. The 1510 added a simple batch mode system that allowed the user to type in values without them being sent to the host system. When the key was pressed, all the "foreground" data that had been typed in was sent all at once. The 1520 was a 1510 with an added printer port that could support serial or parallel computer printers. The final entry to the 1500 series was the Hazeltine 1552 introduced in August 1979 at . It added a VT52 emulation mode, separate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
