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3-deoxyanthocyanidin
The 3-Deoxyanthocyanidins and their glycosides (3-deoxyanthocyanins or 3-DA) are molecules with an anthocyanidins backbone lacking an hydroxyl group at position 3 on the C-ring. This nomenclature is the inverse of that which is commonly used in flavonoids, where the hydroxy-group is assumed absent if it is not specified, e. g. flavan-3-ol, flavan-4-ol, flavan-3,4-ol and flavonol. 3-Deoxyanthocyanidins are yellow anthocyanidins that can be found primarily in ferns and mosses (Timberlake and Bridle, 1975, 1980), in '' Sorghum bicolor'' and in purple corn (Nakatani et al., 1979) (maíz morado). 3-Deoxyanthocyanidins are reported to be stable to color loss due to change in pH. Synthetic 3-deoxyanthocyanidins with a carboxylate group at carbon 4 show unusually stable colorant properties at pH 7. In ''Sorghum'', the ''SbF3'H2'' gene, encoding a flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase, seems to be expressed in pathogen-specific 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins synthesis, for example in ''Sorghum- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luteolinidin
Luteolinidin is a member of the 3-deoxyanthocyanidins. It is a cation with ill-defined anions. This orange species that can be found in '' Sorghum bicolor''. Luteolinidin was shown to inhibit CD38 with relatively high potency compared with previously used inhibitors Glycosides Luteolinidin 5-''O''-β-D- -''O''-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-''O''-acetylglucopyranoside(a 3-deoxyanthocyanidin laminaribioside) can be found in the fern '' Parablechnum novae-zelandiae'' (syn. ''Blechnum novae-zelandiae''). See also * List of compounds with carbon number 15 References --> {{anthocyanins Anthocyanidins Sorghum.html" ;"title="Anthocyanidins.html" ;"title="--> {{anthocyanins Anthocyanidins">--> {{anthocyanins Anthocyanidins Sorghum">Anthocyanidins.html" ;"title="--> {{anthocyanins Anthocyanidins">--> {{anthocyanins Anthocyanidins Sorghum Catechols Resorcinols ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytoalexin
Phytoalexins are antimicrobial substances, some of which are antioxidative as well. They are defined, not by their having any particular chemical structure or character, but by the fact that they are defensively synthesized ''de novo'' by plants that produce the compounds rapidly at sites of pathogen infection. In general phytoalexins are broad spectrum inhibitors; they are chemically diverse, and different chemical classes of compounds are characteristic of particular plant taxa. Phytoalexins tend to fall into several chemical classes, including terpenoids, glycosteroids and alkaloids, however the term applies to any phytochemicals that are induced by microbial infection. Function Phytoalexins are produced in plants to act as toxins to the attacking organism. They may puncture the cell wall, delay maturation, disrupt metabolism or prevent reproduction of the pathogen in question. Their importance in plant defense is indicated by an increase in susceptibility of plant tissue t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apigeninidin
Apigeninidin (Also, apigenidin, or ''Gesneridin'') is a chemical compound belonging to the 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and that can be found in the Patagonian plant '' Ephedra frustillata'' and in the soybean. Apigeninidin is one of the principal pigments found in sorghum. Extremely high level of apigeninidin (49 mg/g) has been documented in sorghum leaf sheath. Like all anthocyanidins it exists in a variety of tautomers depending on pH and hydration, several of these bare the distinctive pyrylium Pyrylium is a cation (positive ion) with formula , consisting of a six-membered ring of five carbon atoms, each with one hydrogen atom, and one positively charged oxygen atom. The bonds in the ring are conjugated as in benzene, giving it an arom ... core. References {{anthocyanins Anthocyanidins Resorcinols Sorghum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Columnidin
Columnidin is an orange red pigment, belonging to the 3-deoxyanthocyanidins found in red-flowered western-hemisphere gesneriad species such as episcias, columneas, sarmientas, and sinningias. The columnidin is named after the gesneriad genus ''Columnea ''Columnea'' is a genus of around 200 species of epiphytic herbs and shrubs in the family Gesneriaceae, native to the tropics of the Americas and the Caribbean. The tubular or oddly shaped flowers are usually large and brightly colored – u ...'' in which it is found, notably in '' Columnea hybrida''. References {{anthocyanins Anthocyanidins Catechols Hydroxyquinols ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diosmetinidin
Diosmetinidin is a 3-deoxyanthocyanidin The 3-Deoxyanthocyanidins and their glycosides (3-deoxyanthocyanins or 3-DA) are molecules with an anthocyanidins backbone lacking an hydroxyl group at position 3 on the C-ring. This nomenclature is the inverse of that which is commonly used in f .... References External links 13C CPMAS NMR and DFT calculations of anthocyanidins, M. Wolniaka and I. Wawer, 2008 Anthocyanidins Resorcinols Phenol ethers {{Aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tricetinidin
Tricetinidin is an intense red-colored chemical compound belonging to the 3-deoxyanthocyanidins. It can be found in black tea infusions. Tricetinidin, in tea, would be a product of the oxidative degallation of epigallocatechin gallate Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), also known as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, is the ester of epigallocatechin and gallic acid, and is a type of catechin. EGCG – the most abundant catechin in tea – is a polyphenol under basic research for its ... (EGCG). Anthocyanidins Pyrogallols.html" ;"title="Anthocyanidins.html" ;"title="--> Anthocyanidins">--> Anthocyanidins Pyrogallols">Anthocyanidins.html" ;"title="--> Anthocyanidins">--> Anthocyanidins Pyrogallols Resorcinols {{Aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthocyanidin
Anthocyanidins are common plant pigments, the sugar-free counterparts of anthocyanins. They are based on the flavylium cation, an oxonium ion, with various groups substituted for its hydrogen atoms. They generally change color from red through purple, blue, and bluish green as a function of pH. Anthocyanidins are an important subclass of the polymethine dyes and flavonoids. The flavylium cation is a chromenylium cation with a phenyl group substituted in position 2; and chromenylium (also called benzopyrylium) is a bicyclic version of pyrylium. The positive charge can move around the molecule. At least 31 monomeric anthocyanidins have been properly identified in living organisms, mostly as the core components of anthocyanins. The latter are responsible for the red, purple, blue, or black color of many fruits (like grapes and blueberries), flowers (like roses), leaves (like purple cabbage), and even tubers (like radishes and purple yams). They are also found in some anim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yellow
Yellow is the color between green and orange on the spectrum of light. It is evoked by light with a dominant wavelength of roughly 575585 nm. It is a primary color in subtractive color systems, used in painting or color printing. In the RGB color model, used to create colors on television and computer screens, yellow is a secondary color made by combining red and green at equal intensity. Carotenoids give the characteristic yellow color to autumn leaves, corn, canaries, daffodils, and lemons, as well as egg yolks, buttercups, and bananas. They absorb light energy and protect plants from photo damage in some cases. Sunlight has a slight yellowish hue when the Sun is near the horizon, due to atmospheric scattering of shorter wavelengths (green, blue, and violet). Because it was widely available, yellow ochre pigment was one of the first colors used in art; the Lascaux cave in France has a painting of a yellow horse 17,000 years old. Ochre and orpiment pigments ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sorghum Bicolor
''Sorghum bicolor'', commonly called sorghum () and also known as great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra, imphee, jowar, or milo, is a grass species cultivated for its grain, which is used for food for humans, animal feed, and ethanol production. Sorghum originated in Africa, and is now cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical regions. Sorghum is the world's fifth-most important cereal crop after rice, wheat, maize, and barley, with 59.34 million metric tons of annual global production in 2018. ''S. bicolor'' is typically an annual, but some cultivars are perennial. It grows in clumps that may reach over 4 m high. The grain is small, ranging from 2 to 4 mm in diameter. Sweet sorghums are sorghum cultivars that are primarily grown for forage, syrup production, and ethanol; they are taller than those grown for grain. ''Sorghum bicolor'' is the cultivated species of sorghum; its wild relatives make up the botanical genus '' Sorghum''. History The first archaeologica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Purple Corn
Purple corn ( es, maíz morado) or purple maize is group of flint maize varieties ( Zea mays indurata) originating in South America, descended from a common ancestral variety termed "k'culli" in Quechua. It is most commonly grown in the Andes of Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. Uses Common in Peru, purple corn is used in chicha morada, a drink made by boiling ground purple corn kernels with pineapple, cinnamon, clove, and sugar, and in mazamorra, a type of pudding". In Bolivia, purple corn "Kuli" is used in Api, a smoothie served hot. Color chemistry: anthocyanins The pigment giving purple corn its vivid color derives from an exceptional content of a class of polyphenols called anthocyanins. Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, also called chrysanthemin, is the major anthocyanin in purple corn kernels, comprising about 73% of all anthocyanins present. Other anthocyanins identified are pelargonidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-β-D-(6-malonyl-glucoside), pelargon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carboxylate
In organic chemistry, a carboxylate is the conjugate base of a carboxylic acid, (or ). It is an ion with negative charge. Carboxylate salts are salts that have the general formula , where M is a metal and ''n'' is 1, 2,...; ''carboxylate esters'' have the general formula (or ). R and R′ are organic groups; R′ ≠ H. Synthesis Carboxylate ions can be formed by deprotonation of carboxylic acids. Such acids typically have p''K''a of less than 5, meaning that they can be deprotonated by many bases, such as sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate. :RCOOH + NaOH -> RCOONa + H2O Resonance stabilization of the carboxylate ion Carboxylic acids easily dissociate into a carboxylate anion and a positively charged hydrogen ion (proton), much more readily than alcohols do (into an alkoxide ion and a proton), because the carboxylate ion is stabilized by resonance. The negative charge that is left after deprotonation of the carboxyl group is delocalized between th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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