Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a hard, brittle, silvery metal, often found in minerals in combination with iron. Manganese is a transition metal with a multifaceted array of industrial alloy use ...
oxide is any of a variety of manganese oxides and hydroxides.
[Wells A.F. (1984) ''Structural inorganic chemistry'' 5th edition Oxford Science Publications, .] These include
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Manganese(II) oxide
Manganese(II) oxide is an inorganic compound with chemical formula MnO.Arno H. Reidies "Manganese Compounds" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 2007; Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. It forms green crystals. The compound is produced on a large s ...
, MnO
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Manganese(II,III) oxide, Mn
3O
4
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Manganese(III) oxide, Mn
2O
3
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Manganese dioxide, MnO
2
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Manganese(VI) oxide, MnO
3
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Manganese(VII) oxide, Mn
2O
7
Other manganese oxides include Mn
5O
8, Mn
7O
12 and Mn
7O
13.
Minerals
It may refer more specifically to the following manganese minerals:
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Birnessite
Birnessite (nominally MnO2.''n''H2O) is a hydrous manganese dioxide mineral with a chemical formula of Na0.7Ca0.3Mn7O14·2.8H2O. It is the main manganese mineral species at the Earth's surface, and commonly occurs as fine-grained, poorly crystall ...
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Buserite Buserite is a hydrated layered Mn-oxide mineral with nominal chemical formula MnO2.''n''H2O. It was named after Swiss chemist professor W. Buser, who first identified it in 1952 in deep-sea manganese nodules. Buser named it 10 Å manganate beca ...
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Hausmannite
Hausmannite is a complex oxide of manganese containing both di- and tri-valent manganese. The formula can be represented as Mn2+Mn3+2O4. It belongs to the spinel group and forms tetragonal crystals. Hausmannite is a brown to black metallic minera ...
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Manganite
Manganite is a mineral composed of manganese oxide-hydroxide, MnO(OH), crystallizing in the monoclinic system (pseudo-orthorhombic). Crystals of manganite are prismatic and deeply striated parallel to their length; they are often grouped togethe ...
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Manganosite
Manganosite is a rare mineral composed of manganese(II) oxide MnO. It was first described in 1817 for an occurrence in the Harz Mountains, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It has also been reported from Langban and Nordmark, Sweden and at Franklin Furna ...
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Psilomelane
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Pyrolusite
Manganese may also form mixed oxides with other metals :
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Bixbyite
Bixbyite is a manganese iron oxide mineral with chemical formula: (Mn,Fe)2O3. The iron/manganese ratio is quite variable and many specimens have almost no iron. It is a metallic dark black with a Mohs hardness of 6.0 - 6.5. It is a somewhat rare ...
, a manganese iron oxide mineral
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Jacobsite
Jacobsite is a manganese iron oxide mineral. It is in the spinel group and forms a solid solution series with magnetite. The chemical formula is (Mn,Mg)Fe2O4 or with oxidation states and substitutions:
(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4. , a manganese iron oxide mineral
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Columbite
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Tantalite
The mineral group tantalite Fe,_manganese.html"_;"title="iron.html"_;"title="iron">Fe,_manganese">Mn)Tantalum">Ta2oxygen.html" ;"title="manganese">Mn)Tantalum.html" ;"title="iron">Fe,_manganese.html" ;"title="iron.html" ;"title="iron">Fe, manga ...
, a mineral group close to columbite
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Coltan, a mixture of columbite and tantalite
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Galaxite
Galaxite, also known as 'mangan-spinel' is an isometric mineral belonging to the spinel group of oxides with the ideal chemical formula .
Galaxite is the manganese (Mn) rich endmember of the aluminium (Al) series of the spinel group. Divalent ...
, a spinel mineral
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Todorokite, a rare complex hydrous manganese oxide mineral
References
{{Chemistry index
Manganese compounds
Manganese minerals
Oxide minerals
Transition metal oxides