The family ''Gryllidae'' contains the subfamilies and genera which

entomologist Entomology () is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such as ara ...

s now term true

crickets Crickets are orthopteran insects which are related to bush crickets, and, more distantly, to grasshoppers. In older literature, such as Imms,Imms AD, rev. Richards OW & Davies RG (1970) ''A General Textbook of Entomology'' 9th Ed. Methuen 8 ...

. Having long, whip-like

antenna Antenna ( antennas or antennae) may refer to: Science and engineering * Antenna (radio), also known as an aerial, a transducer designed to transmit or receive electromagnetic (e.g., TV or radio) waves * Antennae Galaxies, the name of two collid ...

e, they belong to the

Orthoptera Orthoptera () is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets, including closely related insects, such as the bush crickets or katydids and wētā. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – grassh ...

n suborder

Ensifera Ensifera is a suborder of insects that includes the various types of crickets and their allies including: true crickets, camel crickets, bush crickets or katydids, grigs, weta and Cooloola monsters. This and the suborder Caelifera (grassh ...

, which has been greatly reduced in the last 100 years (''e.g.'' ImmsImms AD, rev. Richards OW & Davies RG (1970) ''A General Textbook of Entomology'' 9th Ed. Methuen 886 pp.): taxa such as the spider-crickets and allies, sword-tail crickets, wood or ground crickets and scaly crickets have been elevated to family level. The type genus is '' Gryllus'' and the first use of the family name "Gryllidae" was by Walker. They have a worldwide distribution (except Antarctica). The largest members of the family are the -long bull crickets ('' Brachytrupes'') which excavate burrows a metre or more deep. The tree crickets (

Oecanthinae Tree crickets are insects of the order Orthoptera. These crickets are in the subfamily Oecanthinae of the family Gryllidae. Description Tree crickets as well as most other crickets have two pairs of wings. The fore wings are located close ...

) are delicate white or pale green insects with transparent fore wings, while the field crickets ( Gryllinae) are robust brown or black insects.

Subfamilies

The family is divided into these subfamily groups, subfamilies, and extinct genera (not placed within any subfamily): * Subfamily group Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781 – common or field crickets ** Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781 ** Gryllomiminae Gorochov, 1986 **

Gryllomorphinae The GryllomorphinaeSaussure HLF (1877) ''Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve'' 25(1). (on www.biodiversitylibrary.org). are a subfamily of crickets (Orthoptera: Ensifera) based on the type genus '' Gryllomorpha''. Species have been recorded from: ...

Saussure, 1877 ** † Gryllospeculinae Gorochov, 1985 ***†'' Araripegryllus'' Martins-Neto 1987

Crato Formation The Crato Formation is a geologic formation of Early Cretaceous (Aptian) age in northeastern Brazil's Araripe Basin. It is an important Lagerstätte (undisturbed fossil accumulation) for palaeontologists. The strata were laid down mostly during ...

, Brazil,

Aptian The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma to 113.0 ± 1.0 Ma (million years ag ...

Weald Clay Weald Clay or the Weald Clay Formation is a Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rock unit underlying areas of South East England, between the North and South Downs, in an area called the Weald Basin. It is the uppermost unit of the Wealden Group of ...

, United Kingdom,

Hauterivian The Hauterivian is, in the geologic timescale, an age in the Early Cretaceous Epoch or a stage in the Lower Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 132.9 ± 2 Ma and 129.4 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago). The Hauterivian is preceded by th ...

***†'' Brontogryllus'' Martins-Neto 1991 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian ***†'' Cratogryllus'' Martins-Neto 1991 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian ***†'' Gryllospeculum'' Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian ***†'' Mongolospeculum'' Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian ***†'' Nanaripegryllus'' Martins-Neto 2002 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian **

Itarinae The Itarinae are a subfamily of crickets, in the family Gryllidae (subfamily group Gryllinae), based on the type genus '' Itara''. They are terrestrial and omnivorous and distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia. Genera The ''Orthoptera ...

Shiraki, 1930 ** Landrevinae Gorochov, 1982 ** Sclerogryllinae Gorochov, 1985 * Subfamily group Podoscirtinae ** Euscyrtinae Gorochov, 1985 ** Hapithinae Gorochov, 1986 ** Pentacentrinae Saussure, 1878 **

Podoscirtinae Podoscirtinae is a subfamily of crickets in the family Gryllidae. Tribes and Genera The ''Orthoptera Species File'' lists: Aphonoidini Auth.: Gorochov, 2008 * subtribe Diatrypina Desutter-Grandcolas, 1988 – South America # '' Diatrypa'' S ...

Saussure, 1878 – anomalous crickets * Subfamily

Eneopterinae The Eneopterinae are a subfamily of Grylloidea, crickets, in the family Gryllidae, based on the type genus ''Eneoptera''. It is one of several groups widely described as "true crickets". Of the more than 500 species that make up this subfamily, ...

Saussure, 1893 – bush crickets (American usage), not to be confused with the

Tettigoniidae Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids (especially in North America), or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-horned grasshoppers". More than 8,000 species are known. Part of the suborder Ensifera, ...

(katydids or bush crickets) * Subfamily

Blanchard, 1845 – tree crickets * Subfamily unplaced: most extinct ** genus †'' Achetomorpha'' Gorochov, 2019

Bembridge Marls The Bouldnor Formation is a geological formation in the Hampshire Basin of southern England. It is the youngest formation of the Solent Group and was deposited during the uppermost Eocene and lower Oligocene. Stratotype and occurrence The Bo ...

, United Kingdom,

Priabonian The Priabonian is, in the ICS's geologic timescale, the latest age or the upper stage of the Eocene Epoch or Series. It spans the time between . The Priabonian is preceded by the Bartonian and is followed by the Rupelian, the lowest stage ...

** genus †'' Eneopterotrypus'' – monotypic Zeuner, 1937 Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian ** genus †'' Fanzus'' – monotypic Zessin, 2019

Fur Formation The Fur Formation is a marine geological formation of Ypresian ( Lower Eocene Epoch, c. 56.0-54.5 Ma) age which crops out in the Limfjord region of Denmark from Silstrup via Mors and Fur to Ertebølle, and can be seen in many cliffs and quarries ...

, Denmark,

Ypresian In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age or lowest stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between , is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by the Eocene Lutetian Age. The Ypresian ...

** genus †'' Gryllidium'' Westwood, 1854 ** genus †'' Lithogryllites'' Cockerell, 1908

Florissant Formation The Florissant Formation is a sedimentary geologic formation outcropping around Florissant, Teller County, Colorado. The formation is noted for the abundant and exceptionally preserved insect and plant fossils that are found in the mudstones an ...

, United States, Eocene ** genus '' Menonia'' – monotypic ''M. cochinensis'' George, 1936 (tentative placementOrthoptera Species File: genus ''Menonia'' George, 1936
/ref>) ** genus †'' Nanaripegryllus'' – monotypic Martins-Neto, 2002 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian ** genus †'' Pherodactylus'' – monotypic Poinar, Su & Brown, 2020,

Burmese amber Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. The ...

, Myanmar,

Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the ICS' geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or the lowest stage of the Upper Cretaceous Series. An age is a unit of geochronology; it is a unit of time; the stage is a unit in ...

** genus †'' Proeneopterotrypus'' Gorochov, 2019 – monotypic †''P. danicus'' (Rust, 1999) Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian

References

External links

* * {{Authority control Orthoptera families Ensifera Taxa named by Johann Nepomuk von Laicharting *