Equivalence or Equivalent may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

* Album-equivalent unit, a measurement unit in the music industry * Equivalence class (music) *'' Equivalent VIII'', or ''The Bricks'', a minimalist sculpture by Carl Andre *''

Equivalents ''Equivalents'' is a series of photographs of clouds taken by Alfred Stieglitz from 1925 to 1934. They are generally recognized as the first photographs intended to free the subject matter from literal interpretation, and, as such, are some of t ...

'', a series of photographs of clouds by Alfred Stieglitz

Language

* Dynamic and formal equivalence in translation *

Equivalence (formal languages) In formal language theory, weak equivalence of two grammars means they generate the same set of strings, i.e. that the formal language they generate is the same. In compiler theory the notion is distinguished from strong (or structural) equivalenc ...

Law

*The doctrine of equivalents in patent law *The equivalence principle as if impacts on the

direct effect of European Union law In European Union law, direct effect is the principle that Union law may, if appropriately framed, confer rights on individuals which the courts of member states of the European Union are bound to recognise and enforce. Direct effect is not e ...

Logic

* Logical equivalence, where two statements are logically equivalent if they have the same logical content *

Material equivalence Material is a substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object. Materials can be pure or impure, living or non-living matter. Materials can be classified on the basis of their physical and chemical properties, or on their geolog ...

, a relationship where the truth of either one of the connected statements requires the truth of the other

Science and technology

Chemistry

* Equivalent (chemistry) * Equivalence point * Equivalent weight

Computing

* Turing equivalence (theory of computation), or Turing completeness * Semantic equivalence in computer metadata

Economics

Certainty equivalent A risk premium is a measure of excess return that is required by an individual to compensate being subjected to an increased level of risk. It is used widely in finance and economics, the general definition being the expected risky Rate of retur ...

, a principle related to risk premium * Economic equivalence, a concept in engineering economics * Ricardian equivalence, or Ricardo–de Viti–Barro equivalence, a proposition in economics

Mathematics

* Equality (mathematics) *

Equivalence relation In mathematics, an equivalence relation is a binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. The equipollence relation between line segments in geometry is a common example of an equivalence relation. Each equivalence relation ...

Equivalence class In mathematics, when the elements of some set S have a notion of equivalence (formalized as an equivalence relation), then one may naturally split the set S into equivalence classes. These equivalence classes are constructed so that elements a ...

* Equivalence of categories, in category theory *

Equivalent infinitesimal In calculus and other branches of mathematical analysis, limits involving an algebraic combination of functions in an independent variable may often be evaluated by replacing these functions by their limits; if the expression obtained after this su ...

* Matrix equivalence in linear algebra *

Turing equivalence (recursion theory) In computer science and mathematical logic the Turing degree (named after Alan Turing) or degree of unsolvability of a set of natural numbers measures the level of algorithmic unsolvability of the set. Overview The concept of Turing degree is fund ...

Physics

Equivalence principle In the theory of general relativity, the equivalence principle is the equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass, and Albert Einstein's observation that the gravitational "force" as experienced locally while standing on a massive body (suc ...

in the theory of general relativity

Other uses

Equivalence (trade) Equivalence is a term applied by the Uruguay Round Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. World Trade Organization (WTO) Member countries shall accord acceptance to the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures of othe ...

* Moral equivalence, a term used in political debate * The Equivalent, a sum paid from England to Scotland at their Union in 1707