Zulfikar Pasha Čengić nicknamed Miljevina (died 1846) was an Ottoman Bosnian nobleman and a military leader. He is known for leading a penal expedition against the Montenegrin

Drobnjaci Drobnjaci (, ) are historical tribe and region, Drobnjak, in Old Herzegovina in Montenegro (municipalities from Nikšić to Šavnik, Žabljak and Pljevlja). Its unofficial centre is in Šavnik. The Serb Orthodox families have St. George (''Đu ...

tribe in 1812 and siding with the Sultan against the rebellious Bosnian ayans of

Husein Gradaščević Husein Gradaščević (''Husein-kapetan'') (31 August 1802 – 17 August 1834) was a Bosnian military commander who later led a rebellion against the Ottoman government, seeking autonomy for Bosnia. Born into a Bosnian noble family, Gradašč ...

during the

Bosnian uprising (1831–1832) The Bosnian uprising was a revolt of Bosnian ayans against the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II. The ''casus belli'' were reforms implemented by the Sultan to abolish the ayan system. Despite winning several notable victories, the rebels were eventu ...

Biography

Zulfikar Pasha was born in

Miljevina Miljevina ( sr-cyrl, Миљевина) is a village in the municipality of Foča, Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina ...

near

Foča Foča ( sr-Cyrl, Фоча, ) is a town and a municipality located in Republika Srpska in south-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the banks of Drina river. As of 2013, the town has a population of 12,234 inhabitants, while the municipality has 18 ...

. His father was Salih Alay-Bey and his grandfather was Zejnil Bey. He had sons Džafer, Salih, Alija and Jusuf Bey. In 1811, Mustay Pasha of the

Sanjak of Scutari The Sanjak of Scutari or Sanjak of Shkodra ( sq, Sanxhaku i Shkodrës; sr, Скадарски санџак; tr, İskenderiye Sancağı or ''İşkodra Sancağı'') was one of the sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire. It was established after the Otto ...

organised an attack on

Montenegro ) , image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Podgorica , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = M ...

, directing his troops against the Piperi tribe. However, his campaign ended in defeat. The next year he ordered Zulfikar Pasha to attack the Montenegrin

tribe. One part of the Ottoman army was commanded by

Smail Agha Čengić Smail-aga Čengić ( sr, Смаил-ага Ченгић;1780 – 23 September 1840) was an Ottoman Bosnian lord (with the title of ''aga'') and general in the Ottoman Army. In 1831–32, Čengić was one of the Ottoman generals that fought agai ...

. Other Montenegrin tribes joined the Drobnjaci tribe. Although the Ottomans suffered heavy casualties, they managed to defeat the Montenegrins. The houses of the Drobnjaci tribe were destroyed, with many people being killed and hundreds enslaved. In 1813 he gained the title of

pasha Pasha, Pacha or Paşa ( ota, پاشا; tr, paşa; sq, Pashë; ar, باشا), in older works sometimes anglicized as bashaw, was a higher rank in the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, gener ...

. Zulfikar Pasha fought against the Serb rebels during the

First Serbian Uprising The First Serbian Uprising ( sr, Prvi srpski ustanak, italics=yes, sr-Cyrl, Први српски устанак; tr, Birinci Sırp Ayaklanması) was an uprising of Serbs in the Sanjak of Smederevo against the Ottoman Empire from 14 February 18 ...

in 1813 and Hadži-Prodan's rebellion in 1814. In 1814 he was appointed a

muhafazah A ' ( ; ) is a first-level administrative division of many Arab countries, and a second-level administrative division in Saudi Arabia. The term is usually translated to " governorate", and occasionally to "province". It comes from the Arabic ro ...

and a

mütesellim ''Mütesellim'' or ''mutesellim'' was an Ottoman gubernatorial title used to describe mainly the head of a ''nahiye'', but also other positions within the Ottoman hierarchy, depending on the context. Mostly this title was used for civil governor ...

Valjevo Valjevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Ваљево, ) is a List of cities in Serbia, city and the administrative center of the Kolubara District in western Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the administrative area of Valjevo had 90,312 inhabitants, 59,07 ...

. According to

Hamdija Kreševljaković Hamdija Kreševljaković (18 September 1888 – 9 May 1959) was a Bosnian and Yugoslav historian. Biography Kreševljaković was born in Vratnik, a neighborhood in Sarajevo's Old Town. His father Mehmed (died 1929) was the son of Ibrahim Kreševl ...

, Zulfikar Pasha served as the

mutasarrif Mutasarrif or mutesarrif ( ota, متصرّف, tr, mutasarrıf) was the title used in the Ottoman Empire and places like post-Ottoman Iraq for the governor of an administrative district. The Ottoman rank of mutasarrif was established as part of a ...

Zvornik Zvornik ( sr-cyrl, Зворник, ) is a city in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in Republika Srpska, on the left bank of the Drina river. In 2013, it had a population of 58,856 inhabitants. The town of Mali Zvornik ("Little Zvornik") lies ...

in 1825, while

Safvet-beg Bašagić Dr. Safvet-beg Bašagić ( sr-cyrl, Сафвет-бег Башагић; 6 May 1870 – 9 April 1934), also known as Mirza Safvet, was a Bosnian writer who is often described by Bosniak historians as the "father of Bosnian Renaissance", and one of ...

writes that he served there in 1823. From 1828 to 1830 he was the

of Foča. When the Bosnian ayans headed by

rebelled Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order. It refers to the open resistance against the orders of an established authority. A rebellion originates from a sentiment of indignation and disapproval of a situation and ...

against the Sultan in 1831, they expelled the Bosnian governor who moved to

Herzegovina Herzegovina ( or ; sh-Latn-Cyrl, Hercegovina, separator=" / ", Херцеговина, ) is the southern and smaller of two main geographical region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being Bosnia. It has never had strictly defined geogra ...

in September 1831. Husein Gradaščević proclaimed himself a vizier, which was met with refusal amongst the Herzegovinian magnates. They designated Zulfikar Pasha to report to Aga Pasha that they do not accept Husein Gradaščević as a vizier and ask the Sultan to appoint someone else. The Bosnian Muslims that opposed Gradaščević largely fled to

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...

and Zulfikar Pasha was among them. In January 1832, he arrived in

Užice Užice ( sr-cyr, Ужице, ) is a city and the administrative centre of the Zlatibor District in western Serbia. It is located on the banks of the river Đetinja. According to the 2011 census, the city proper has a population of 59,747. The Cit ...

and Price

Miloš Miloš, Milos, Miłosz or spelling variations thereof is a masculine given name and a surname. It may refer to: Given name Sportsmen * Miłosz Bernatajtys, Polish rower * Miloš Bogunović, Serbian footballer * Miloš Budaković, Serbian ...

asked the local authorities to take care of them. Serbia also opposed Gradaščević and for this reason, they maintained contact with Zulfikar Pasha and other loyalist nobles. By May 1832, the loyalist forces were able to re-take the territory around the

Drina The Drina ( sr-Cyrl, Дрина, ) is a long Balkans river, which forms a large portion of the border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. It is the longest tributary of the Sava River and the longest karst river in the Dinaric Alps whic ...

river which marked the eastern borders of the

Bosnia Eyalet The Eyalet of Bosnia ( ota, ایالت بوسنه ,Eyālet-i Bōsnâ; By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters ; sh, Bosanski pašaluk), was an eyalet (administrative division, also known as a ''beylerbeylik'') of the Ottoman Empire, mostly based o ...

with Serbia, and both sides prepared for the decisive battle. Zulfikar Pasha was appointed as the

and together with Osman Pasha Gradaščević he was tasked with the reintroduction of Sultan's authority in the re-taken territory. After the loyalists won the war in 1833,

Ali Pasha Rizvanbegović Ali Pasha Rizvanbegović (1783 – 20 March 1851; Turkish: Ali Paşa Rıdvanbegoviç) was a Herzegovinian Ottoman captain (administrator) of Stolac from 1813 to 1833 and the semi-independent ruler (vizier) of the Herzegovina Eyalet from 1833 t ...

, the leader of the loyalists, was named the head of the

Herzegovina Eyalet The Eyalet of Herzegovina ( ota, ایالت هرسك; Eyālet-i Hersek, sh, Hercegovački pašaluk) was an administrative division (''eyalet'') of the Ottoman Empire from 1833 to 1851. Its last capital was Mostar. History In 1831, Bosnian kapu ...

which was exempted from the Bosnia Eyalet. Ali Pasha appointed his loyalists to important posts, including Zulfikar Pasha who was re-appointed as the mütesellim of Foča. By August 1838, however, the relations among the Herzegovinian magnates deteriorated. So much so, that Smail Agha and Zulfikar Pasha reported Ali Pasha's wrongdoings to the Sultan. Zulfikar Pasha died in

and was buried in the yard of the

Aladža Mosque The Aladža Mosque ( bs, Aladža džamija, tr, Alaca Camii), also known as ''Šarena džamija'', "Colorful Mosque", is an Ottoman era mosque that was built in 1549 and located in Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is considered one of the most be ...

Footnotes

References

Books

* * * * *

Journals

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Cengic, Zulfikar Pasha 1846 deaths People from Foča Nobility of Herzegovina Ottoman Bosnian nobility