Zimredda, also Zimr-Edda or Zimr-Eddi ( ''Amorite'': ) was the mayor of

Sidon Sidon ( ; he, צִידוֹן, ''Ṣīḏōn'') known locally as Sayda or Saida ( ar, صيدا ''Ṣaydā''), is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located in the South Governorate, of which it is the capital, on the Mediterranean coast. ...

, (i.e. the "

King of Sidon The King of Sidon was the ruler of Sidon, an ancient Phoenician city in what is now Lebanon. Scholars have pieced together the fragmented list from various archaeological finds since the 19th century. Egyptian period * c.1700s BC Zimrida * c. 13 ...

") in the mid 14th century BC. He is mentioned in several of the

Amarna letters The Amarna letters (; sometimes referred to as the Amarna correspondence or Amarna tablets, and cited with the abbreviation EA, for "El Amarna") are an archive, written on clay tablets, primarily consisting of diplomatic correspondence between t ...

, in the late

Rib-Hadda Rib-Hadda (also rendered Rib-Addi, Rib-Addu, Rib-Adda) was king of Byblos during the mid fourteenth century BCE. He is the author of some sixty of the Amarna letters all to Akhenaten. His name is Akkadian in form and may invoke the Northwest Semiti ...

series, and later. He authored letters EA 144–45 ( EA for 'el

Amarna Amarna (; ar, العمارنة, al-ʿamārnah) is an extensive Egyptian archaeological site containing the remains of what was the capital city of the late Eighteenth Dynasty. The city was established in 1346 BC, built at the direction of the Ph ...

'). Zimredda of ''Siduna''-Sidon, is the only mayor of Siduna in the 1350– 1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence, (15–20 year)

time period The categorisation of the past into discrete, quantified named blocks of time is called periodization.Adam Rabinowitz. And kingIt’s about time: historical periodization and Linked Ancient World Data'. Study of the Ancient universe Papers, 2014 ...

. Zimredda of Sidon's name is referenced in ten Amarna letters, with three from the

series-(+Rib-Hadda EA 92, entitled: "Some help from the Pharaoh"-(calling mayors to assist Rib-Hadda), as the "King of Siduna"), five from

Abimilku Abimilki ( ''Amorite'': , '' LÚa-bi-mil-ki'', ) around 1347 BC held the rank of Prince of Tyre (called "Surru" in the letters), during the period of the Amarna letters correspondence (1350–1335 BC). He is the author of ten letters to the Egypt ...

of Tyre, also his own letters. (He is the major subject of half of Abimilku's letters to pharaoh.) The Abimilku letters reference Zimredda of Siduna as one of his major enemies in the groups against

Zimredda of Siduna: his two letters

EA 144: ''"Zimreddi of Siduna"''

A letter written to the

pharaoh Pharaoh (, ; Egyptian: ''pr ꜥꜣ''; cop, , Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: ''Parʿō'') is the vernacular term often used by modern authors for the kings of ancient Egypt who ruled as monarchs from the First Dynasty (c. 3150 BC) until the an ...

. :Say to the king, my lord, my god, my Sun, the breath of my life: Thus ''Zimreddi'', the mayor of Siduna. I fall at the feet of my lord, god, Sun, breath of my life, ((at the feet of my lord, my god, my Sun, the breath of my life))-(emphasis(?)), 7 times and 7 times. May the king, my lord, know that Siduna-(

), the maidservant of the king, my lord, which he put in my charge, is safe and sound. And when I heard the words of the king, my lord, when he wrote to his servant, then my heart rejoiced, and my head went gh, and my eyes shone, at hearing the words of the king, my lord. May the king know that I have made preparations before the arrival of the

archers Archery is the sport, practice, or skill of using a bow to shoot arrows.Paterson ''Encyclopaedia of Archery'' p. 17 The word comes from the Latin ''arcus'', meaning bow. Historically, archery has been used for hunting and combat. In mo ...

of the king, my lord. I have prepared everything in accordance with the command of the king, my lord. :May the king, my lord, know that the war against me is very severe. All the cit s that the king put in ch re, have been joined to the

'Apiru Habiru (sometimes written as Hapiru, and more accurately as ʿApiru, meaning "dusty, dirty"; Sumerian: 𒊓𒄤, ''sagaz''; Akkadian: 𒄩𒁉𒊒, ''ḫabiru'' or ''ʿaperu'') is a term used in 2nd-millennium BCE texts throughout the Fertile ...

Habiru Habiru (sometimes written as Hapiru, and more accurately as ʿApiru, meaning "dusty, dirty"; Sumerian: 𒊓𒄤, ''sagaz''; Akkadian: 𒄩𒁉𒊒, ''ḫabiru'' or ''ʿaperu'') is a term used in 2nd-millennium BCE texts throughout the Fertile C ...

). May the king put me in the charge of a man that will lead the archers of the king to call to account the cities that have been joined to the 'Apiru, so ''you'' can restore them to my charge that I may be able to serve the king, my lord, as our ancestors before (did before). —EA 144, lines 1–30 (complete) (See: the

Prostration formula In the 1350 BC correspondence of 382–letters, called the Amarna letters, the prostration formula is usually the opening subservient remarks to the addressee, the Egyptian pharaoh. The formula is based on prostration, namely reverence and s ...

)

EA 145: "Word on Amurru"

A letter written to someone, in the pharaoh's charge. : a o ...... y ''lord'': Message of ''Zmre di'. I fall t (your) fee. ayyou know that I am safe and sound, and with your greeting from the presence of the king, my lord, you–yourself brought back to me the breath of ''his'' mouth. I have heard your words that you sent me through ... ..The war is very severe. .....The king, our lord, ''has'' indeed ''been ea nestly adressed'' from his lands, but the breath of his mouth does not reach his servants that are in the ''hinterlands''-(countryside). Moreover, as to your ordering with regard to the land of

Amurru Amurru may refer to: * Amurru kingdom, roughly current day western Syria and northern Lebanon * Amorite, ancient Syrian people * Amurru (god) Amurru, also known under the Sumerian name Martu, was a Mesopotamian god who served as the divine perso ...

, "The word you hear from ther —you must report to me," ''everyone'' asheard (that) ......: '' ia- ak-wu- un- ka (he awaits you)''. —EA 145, lines 1–29 (with lacunae)

EA 154, no. 9 of 10 of Abimilku

This damaged letter is the 5th letter of Abimilku which discusses the affairs of Zimredda: ('ruler of Siduna'). His name appears in the end-lines damaged

lacuna Lacuna (plural lacunas or lacunae) may refer to: Related to the meaning "gap" * Lacuna (manuscripts), a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or musical work **Great Lacuna, a lacuna of eight leaves where there was heroic Old Norse po ...

. He is also referenced as the "ruler of Siduna", line 14.

EA 154: "Orders carried out"

:To the king, my lord: Message of

our Our or OUR may refer to: * The possessive form of "we" * Our (river), in Belgium, Luxembourg, and Germany * Our, Belgium, a village in Belgium * Our, Jura, a commune in France * Office of Utilities Regulation (OUR), a Politics of Jamaica#Regulator ...

servant. I fall at the feet of the king, lo d 7 times and 7 times. I am the d t un(der) the

sandal Sandals are an open type of footwear, consisting of a sole held to the wearer's foot by straps going over the instep and around the ankle. Sandals can also have a heel. While the distinction between sandals and other types of footwear can some ...

s of the king, my lord. I have heard what the king wrote to his servant, ''"Let'' my ''forces'': '' ia- ia-ku_(cuneiform)">k.html" ;"title="ku_(cuneiform).html" ;"title=" ia-ku (cuneiform)">k">ku_(cuneiform).html" ;"title=" ia-ku (cuneiform)">k-( un)'' ''(be prepar(ed)) again[st] Yawa."'' What the king ordered, that I have carried out with the greatest joy. Moreover, since the departure of the troops of the king, my lord, from me, the ''ruler of Siduna'' does not allow me or my people to go to land to fetch

wood Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic materiala natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin th ...

or to fetch

water Water (chemical formula ) is an inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as a ...

for drinking. He has killed one man, and he has ''capt

red Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and a secondar ...

' another. [ ... 8–line

]. May the king take cognizance of his servant. —EA 154, lines 1–20, and line 29 (lines 21–28, a lacuna)

References

* Moran, William L. ''The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. (softcover, )

External links

Write-up of Letter EA 151, concerning Zimredda
(Sea peoples,

letter); see:

Sea Peoples The Sea Peoples are a hypothesized seafaring confederation that attacked ancient Egypt and other regions in the East Mediterranean prior to and during the Late Bronze Age collapse (1200–900 BCE).. Quote: "First coined in 1881 by the Fren ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zimredda Amarna letters writers Kings of Sidon 14th-century BC Phoenician people mayors Phoenicians in the Amarna letters