''Zhupel'' (russian: Жупел) was a Russian satirical magazine, founded by Zinovii Grzhebin in

1905 As the second year of the massive Russo-Japanese War begins, more than 100,000 die in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos leads to the 1905 Russian Revolution against Nicholas II of Russia ( Shostakovich's 11th Symphony ...

. Among the contributors were the most famous Russian writers and artists of the time. Despite the success, like many other Russian satirical magazines, it was closed by the Tsarist government after publishing three issues, while Grzhebin was imprisoned. In 1906, the creators tried to revive the journal under the name ''Hell's Mail'', but it was also closed after three issues. In English publications, the name is ofter translated as ''

Bugbear A bugbear is a legendary creature or type of hobgoblin comparable to the boogeyman (or bugaboo or babau or cucuy), and other creatures of folklore, all of which were historically used in some cultures to frighten disobedient children. Etymology ...

'', although the creators wrote that the word ''жупел'' means 'hellish sulfur'.

History

The magazine was established in late 1905, after the

October Manifesto The October Manifesto (russian: Октябрьский манифест, Манифест 17 октября), officially "The Manifesto on the Improvement of the State Order" (), is a document that served as a precursor to the Russian Empire's fi ...

, by Zinovii Grzhebin, a Russian cartoonist and publisher, later the founder of a

symbolist Symbolism was a late 19th-century art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts seeking to represent absolute truths symbolically through language and metaphorical images, mainly as a reaction against naturalism and realis ...

publishing house ''Shipovnik''. His idea was to create a Russian version of ''

Simplicissimus :''Simplicissimus is also a name for the 1668 novel Der abenteuerliche Simplicissimus, Simplicius Simplicissimus and its protagonist.'' ''Simplicissimus'' () was a satire, satirical German language, German weekly magazine, headquartered in Munich ...

'', a political satire magazine with antimonarchical incline.

Mstislav Dobuzhinsky Mstislav Valerianovich Dobuzhinsky or Dobujinsky ( lt, Mstislavas Dobužinskis, August 14, 1875, Novgorod – November 20, 1957, New York City) was a Russian and Lithuanian artist noted for his cityscapes conveying the explosive growth and decay ...

said that Grzhebin performed "a real miracle" as a manager, successfully uniting artists and writers from the opposite circles of Russian literature world in one enterprise. The magazine had only three issues: two in December 1905 and one in January 1906. Because of the very harsh caricatures and satire about the government, Grzhebin was arrested and imprisoned for a year for "disrespecting the Imperial authority". He spent 8 months in the

Kresty Prison Kresty (russian: Кресты, literally ''Crosses'') prison, officially Investigative Isolator No. 1 of the Administration of the Federal Service for the Execution of Punishments for the city of Saint Petersburg (Следственный изо� ...

. After the authorities closed the magazine, it was revived under the name ''Adskaya pochta'' (''Hell's Mail'' or ''Infernal Post''), but it was also suppressed after publishing three issues. The name was taken from '' Adskaya Pochta'', a satirical magazine, closed by

Catherine II , en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes , house = , father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst , mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp , birth_date = , birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anha ...

in 1769. Among the contributors were

modernist Modernism is both a philosophical and arts movement that arose from broad transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement reflected a desire for the creation of new forms of art, philosophy, an ...

artists

Boris Kustodiev Boris Mikhaylovich Kustodiev (russian: Бори́с Миха́йлович Кусто́диев; – 28 May 1927) was a Russian and Soviet painter and stage designer. Early life Boris Kustodiev was born in Astrakhan into the family of a profe ...

Ivan Bilibin Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin ( rus, Ива́н Я́ковлевич Били́бин, p=ɪˈvan ˈjakəvlʲɪvʲɪt͡ɕ bʲɪˈlʲibʲɪn; – 7 February 1942) was a Russian illustrator and stage designer who took part in the ''Mir iskusstva'', contr ...

and

Eugene Lanceray Yevgeny Yevgenyevich Lanceray (russian: Евгений Евгеньевич Лансере; 23 August 1875 – 13 September 1946), also often spelled Eugene Lansere, was a Russian graphic artist, painter, sculptor, mosaicist, and illustrator, a ...

and writers

Maxim Gorky Alexei Maximovich Peshkov (russian: link=no, Алексе́й Макси́мович Пешко́в; – 18 June 1936), popularly known as Maxim Gorky (russian: Макси́м Го́рький, link=no), was a Russian writer and social ...

Ivan Bunin Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin ( or ; rus, Ива́н Алексе́евич Бу́нин, p=ɪˈvan ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ˈbunʲɪn, a=Ivan Alyeksyeyevich Bunin.ru.vorb.oga; – 8 November 1953) was the first Russian writer awarded the ...

and

Fyodor Sologub Fyodor Sologub (russian: Фёдор Сологу́б, born Fyodor Kuzmich Teternikov, russian: Фёдор Кузьми́ч Тете́рников, also known as Theodor Sologub; – 5 December 1927) was a Russian Symbolist poet, novelist, trans ...

. The magazine was closely associated with the artists of ''Simplicissimus'': for example, some of the cartoons of ''Zhupel'' were reprinted in ''Simplicissimus''. One of the numbers informed that artists of ''Simplicissimus'' will cooperate with ''Zhupel''; the announcement was published with a vignette by

Thomas Theodor Heine Thomas Theodor Heine (28 February 1867 – 26 January 1948) was a German painter, illustrator and cartoonist. Born in Leipzig, Heine established himself as a gifted caricaturist at an early age, which led to him studying art at the Kunstakademie D ...

Gallery

Soldiers, Soldiers, Heroes Every One - Zhupel.jpg, ''Soldiers, Soldiers, Heroes Every One'' - a drawing by

Valentin Serov Valentin Alexandrovich Serov (russian: Валенти́н Алекса́ндрович Серо́в; 19 January 1865 – 5 December 1911) was a Russian painter and one of the premier portrait artists of his era. Life and work Youth and educ ...

Bloody Sunday Bloody Sunday may refer to: Historical events Canada * Bloody Sunday (1923), a day of police violence during a steelworkers' strike for union recognition in Sydney, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia * Bloody Sunday (1938), police violence aga ...

Карикатура из дореволюционного журнала (2).jpg, ''Introduction'' by

- a cartoon on the Moscow uprising of 1905 October idyll by M.Dobuzhinsky (1905) - Zhupel.jpg, ''October Idyll'' by

(1905) Ivan Bilibin 013.jpg, 1905 cartoon by

Caricature by Zinoviy Grzhebin (1906).jpg, 1906 cartoon by Zinovii Grzhebin Ivan Bilibin 044.jpeg, ''Donkey'' by

(1906) Konstantin Pobedonostsev (Adskaya pochta).jpg,

Konstantin Pobedonostsev Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev ( rus, Константи́н Петро́вич Победоно́сцев, p=kənstɐnʲˈtʲin pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ pəbʲɪdɐˈnostsɨf; 30 November 1827 – 23 March 1907) was a Russian jurist, statesman, ...

(''Hell's Mail'')

References

{{reflist 1905 establishments in the Russian Empire 1906 disestablishments in the Russian Empire Defunct magazines published in Russia Visual arts magazines published in Russia Satirical magazines published in Russia Magazines established in 1905 Magazines disestablished in 1906 Magazines published in Saint Petersburg 1905 Russian Revolution