Zaynulla Rasulev (''Zaynulla bin Khabibulla bin Rasūl''; ba, Зәйнулла Рәсүлев, russian: Зайнулла́ Расу́лев, 25 March 1833 – 2 February 1917) was a Bashkir religious leader in the 19th and early 20th century. He is notable as one of the most important representatives of

Jadid The Jadids were Muslim modernist reformers within the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th century. They normally referred to themselves by the Turkic terms ''Taraqqiparvarlar'' ('progressives'), ''Ziyalilar'' ('intellectuals') or simpl ...

ism and the organizer of one of the first Jadidi

madrasah Madrasa (, also , ; Arabic: مدرسة , pl. , ) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, secular or religious (of any religion), whether for elementary instruction or higher learning. The word is variously transliterated '' ...

Life

Born in 1833 in the village of Sharip in Verkheuralsk province, Orenburg Governorate (these days in the Uchalinsky District,

Republic of Bashkortostan The Republic of Bashkortostan or Bashkortostan ( ba, Башҡортостан Республикаһы, Bashqortostan Respublikahy; russian: Республика Башкортостан, Respublika Bashkortostan),; russian: Респу́блик� ...

, Russia) to the family of

mullah Mullah (; ) is an honorific title for Shia and Sunni Muslim clergy or a Muslim mosque leader. The term is also sometimes used for a person who has higher education in Islamic theology and sharia law. The title has also been used in some Miz ...

of the local Islamic community. Received instruction in a medrese in his home village, then in the medrese in Troitsk. Upon instruction, began a clerical career. Since 1858, served as Imam khatib in the village of Yuldash (currently in Uchalinsky District, Bashkortostan) . While still in his student years, Zaynulla became interested in

Sufism Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, r ...

. In 1859, he joined the

Sufi order A tariqa (or ''tariqah''; ar, طريقة ') is a school or order of Sufism, or specifically a concept for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking ''haqiqa'', which translates as "ultimate truth". ...

Naqshbandi The Naqshbandi ( fa, نقشبندی)), Neqshebendi ( ku, نه‌قشه‌به‌ندی), and Nakşibendi (in Turkish) is a major Sunni order of Sufism. Its name is derived from Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari. Naqshbandi masters trace their ...

. Received individual instruction from

sheikh Sheikh (pronounced or ; ar, شيخ ' , mostly pronounced , plural ' )—also transliterated sheekh, sheyikh, shaykh, shayk, shekh, shaik and Shaikh, shak—is an honorific title in the Arabic language. It commonly designates a chief of a ...

Ahmed Ziyaüddin Gümüşhanevi in Istanbul in 1869–1870, from whom received the Ijazah, or the authorization to teach Sufi Naqshbandi's doctrine. Made a

hajj The Hajj (; ar, حَجّ '; sometimes also spelled Hadj, Hadji or Haj in English) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims. Hajj is a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried ...

. After returning to Bashkortostan, introduced several innovations into the local Sufi practices: singing zikr aloud, the observance of

Mawlid Mawlid, Mawlid an-Nabi ash-Sharif or Eid Milad un Nabi ( ar, المولد النبوي, translit=mawlid an-nabawī, lit=Birth of the Prophet, sometimes simply called in colloquial Arabic , , among other vernacular pronunciations; sometimes , ) ...

, (the birthday of the Islamic prophet Muhammad), wearing prayer beads etc. Endured persecution for preaching Sufizm: the local conservative

s and the officials of mainstream Islam accused him of disseminating heresy and undermining activity aiming at the authorities in power. Upon their written denunciation, Zaynulla Rasulev got arrested and sent to exile. Served his exile successively in Zlatoust (eight months), Nikolsk, Vologda Oblast (1873-1876) and Kostroma (1876-1881). In 1881, he returned from exile and resumed his activity as a religious leader in the village of Aqquzha in Bashkortostan. He did a second hajj. Since 1884, Rasulev took the post of the

Imam Imam (; ar, إمام '; plural: ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a worship leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, lead prayers, ser ...

of the town mosque in Troitsk. He subsequently founded the

of ''Rasuliya'', one of the first

jadid The Jadids were Muslim modernist reformers within the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th century. They normally referred to themselves by the Turkic terms ''Taraqqiparvarlar'' ('progressives'), ''Ziyalilar'' ('intellectuals') or simpl ...

i educational institution in the Urals. He had numerous disciples and followers, and became a most influential Muslim leaders in Russia. Zaynulla Rasulev died on February 2, 1917. He is buried in the old Muslim cemetery in Troitsk. Numerous legends are preserved in the Bashkir public memory about the miracles and healings performed by Zaynulla Rasulev. His son, Gabdurakhman Rasulev, also became a Bashkir religious leader. Rasulev Zaynulla the entrance to the cemetery

Rasulev Zaynulla the entrance to the cemetery

Commemoration

* In 2009, a mosque was opened in the town of

Uchaly Uchaly (russian: Учалы; ba, Учалы) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, in the east of the republic, in the southern Urals, among the lakes of the Uraltau Range. Population: Etymology In the Bashkir language, "Uchaly" ( ...

, Bashkortostan, named after Zaynulla-Ishan. * A street in Ufa, Russia was named after Zanulla Rasulev in 2008.Решение Совета городского округа город Уфа Республики Башкортостан от 31 июля 2008г. № 6/17
/ref>

References

External links

* Yunusova Aysylu
Islam in Bashkortostan
Moscow, 2007.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rasulev, Zaynulla Naqshbandi order Jadids Muslims from the Russian Empire Bashkir people 1833 births 1917 deaths