''Yogetor spiralis'' is a

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

of jumping spider in the

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

Yogetor ''Yogetor'' is a genus of East African jumping spiders that was first described by Wanda Wesołowska & A. Russell-Smith in 2000. it contains two species, found in Ethiopia and Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Ta ...

'' that is

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

to Ethiopia. It was first described in 2008 by Wanda Wesołowska and Beata Tomasiewicz. The spider is medium-sized, with a brown

cephalothorax The cephalothorax, also called prosoma in some groups, is a tagma of various arthropods, comprising the head and the thorax fused together, as distinct from the abdomen behind. (The terms ''prosoma'' and ''opisthosoma'' are equivalent to ''cepha ...

between in length and

abdomen The abdomen (colloquially called the belly, tummy, midriff, tucky or stomach) is the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The abdomen is the front part of the abdominal segment of the torso. ...

between in length. The species has three distinctive yellow stripes on the

thorax The thorax or chest is a part of the anatomy of humans, mammals, and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen. In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions of the cre ...

and colourless hairs on its black eye field. However, the most distinguishing feature is the design of the copulatory organs. The male has a short thin embolus on a rounded

palpal bulb The two palpal bulbs – also known as palpal organs and genital bulbs – are the copulatory organs of a male spider. They are borne on the last segment of the pedipalps (the front "limbs" of a spider), giving the spider an appearance often descr ...

. The female has an

epigyne The epigyne or epigynum is the external genital structure of female spiders. As the epigyne varies greatly in form in different species, even in closely related ones, it often provides the most distinctive characteristic for recognizing species. ...

that is large, lightly sclerotized, and shaped like a heart. It has two pockets, two rounded depressions divided by a ridge and very long spiralling seminal ducts ending in small spherical receptacles. The species is named tor the shape of the seminal ducts.

Taxonomy

''Yogetor spiralis'' is a

of jumping spider that was first described by Wanda Wesołowska and Beata Tomasiewicz in 2008. It is one of over 500 species identified by the Polish arachnologist Wesołowska. It was the second

in the

'', which had been first raised by and Anthony Russell-Smith in 2000. The genus, named with a random set of letters, was designated for a genus distinguished by their copulatory organs. The male had a thin, very long embolus encircling the

. The female had an

with a pocket near the epigastric furrow, very wide fissured gonopores and spermathecae that are two spherical chambers. In

Wayne Maddison Wayne Paul Maddison , is a professor and Canada Research Chair at the departments of zoology and botany at the University of British Columbia, and the Director of the Spencer Entomological Collection at the Beaty Biodiversity Museum. His research ...

's 2015 study of spider phylogenetic classification, the genus was declared a incertae sedis in the

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

Salticinae. Maddison considered that it may be a member of the subtribe Plexippina in the

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

Plexippini. Two years later, in 2017, the genus was grouped with nine other genera of jumping spiders under the name Hyllines, which was named after the type genus '' Hyllus''. Once again, it was the shape of the embolus that was critical in defining how the genus would be allocated. The species name relates to the design of the seminal ducts.

Description

The spider is medium sized. The male has a

that is between in length and between in width. It has a brown pear-shaped

carapace A carapace is a Dorsum (biology), dorsal (upper) section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number of animal groups, including arthropods, such as crustaceans and arachnids, as well as vertebrates, such as turtles and tortoises. In turtles and tor ...

that has a thin black line along the edges and more dark lines that radiate from the

fovea Fovea () (Latin for "pit"; plural foveae ) is a term in anatomy. It refers to a pit or depression in a structure. Human anatomy *Fovea centralis of the retina * Fovea buccalis or Dimple * Fovea of the femoral head * Trochlear fovea of the fr ...

. Three distinctive yellow stripes can be seen on the

. The

is brown, with occasional long dark hairs, and between long and wide. It has a light jagged line on its exterior. The eye field is black and is covered with colourless hairs. The clypeus is brown, as are the chelicerae. In contrast, the legs and

spinneret A spinneret is a silk-spinning organ of a spider or the larva of an insect. Some adult insects also have spinnerets, such as those borne on the forelegs of Embioptera. Spinnerets are usually on the underside of a spider's opisthosoma, and are ...

s are yellow, although there are large dark rings at the end of the legs. The copulatory organs are distinctive. The pedipalp is light brown, while the

is more rounded and has a shorter embolus, though still thin, than other members of the genus. The female is very similar, but is larger. The cephalothorax measures between from front to back and between from side to side. The abdomen is similarly slightly larger, measuring between in length and between in width. The colours and patterns are generally similar. However, the there is a more evident pattern of dark marks on the lower portion of the body. The

is large, lightly sclerotized, and shaped like a heart. It has two pockets at the end, with a narrow ridge dividing two rounded depressions. The seminal ducts are very long and spiralled, ending in small spherical receptacles. This distinctive shape is recalled in the name of the species. Overall, the unusual shape of the epigyne distinguishes the species from related spiders.

Distribution and habitat

The species is

to Ethiopia. The

holotype A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several ...

for the species was found near

Ambo Ambo may refer to: Places * Ambo, Kiribati * Ambo Province, Huanuco Region, Peru ** Ambo District ** Ambo, Peru, capital of Ambo District * Ambo Town, a town in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia ** Ambo, Ethiopia, a capital of West Shewa Zone ...

in 1988. It has also been found in other rural areas of the country. It has generally been found in vegetation, including amongst grasses and plantations of

Eucalyptus ''Eucalyptus'' () is a genus of over seven hundred species of flowering trees, shrubs or mallees in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. Along with several other genera in the tribe Eucalypteae, including '' Corymbia'', they are commonly known as euca ...

References

Citations

Bibliography

* * * * * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q2316507 Arthropods of Ethiopia Endemic fauna of Ethiopia Salticidae Spiders described in 2008 Spiders of Africa Taxa named by Wanda Wesołowska