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The Yibna Bridge or Nahr Rubin Bridge is a
The bridge was one in a series of bridges built by Sultan Baybars in Egypt and Palestine. It was first studied in modern times by
110
117 The second of these two bridges is thought to be the
318
/ref> It comprises three arches, two
297
/ref> The bridge has a more than 2:1 arch-span to pier-width ratio versus approximately 1:1 at Jisr Jindas. The bridge does not contain any decoration or inscriptions, similar to that found on Jisr Jindas. However, according to Andrew Petersen there is "a possible inscription or signature" on a stone at the south end.
Bridges in Medieval Palestine
', in U. Vermeulen & K. Dhulster (eds.)
History of Egypt & Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid & Mamluk Eras V
V. Peeters, Leuven
IAAWikimedia commons
{{coord, 31, 52, 10.35, N, 34, 45, 8.55, E, region:SY_type:city, display=title Bridges in Israel Bridges completed in the 13th century Mamluk architecture in Israel
Mamluk
Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ...
arch bridge
An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side. A viaduct ...
near Yibna
Yibna ( ar, يبنى; ''Jabneh'' or ''Jabneel'' in Biblical times; ''Jamnia'' in Roman times; '' Ibelin'' to the Crusaders), or Tel Yavne is an archaeological site and depopulated Palestinian town. The ruins are located immediately southeast of ...
, which crosses the river Nahal Sorek
Naḥal Sorek ( he, נחל שורק, translation=Brook of Sorek; ar, وادي الصرار, translit=Wadi al-Sirar), also Soreq, is one of the largest, most important drainage basins in the Judean Hills. It is mentioned in the Book of Judges 16:4 ...
(formerly known as Nahr Rubin, or Wadi al-Tahuna). It was previously used by Route 410 to Rehovot, and was known as the Jumping Bridge due to a bump in the middle of the bridge which caused cars to jump if speeding. It is now a part of a recreation ground, next to a new bridge carrying the Route 410.
History
The bridge was one in a series of bridges built by Sultan Baybars in Egypt and Palestine. It was first studied in modern times by Clermont-Ganneau
Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau (19 February 1846 – 15 February 1923) was a noted French Orientalist and archaeologist.
Biography
Clermont-Ganneau was born in Paris, the son of Simon Ganneau, a sculptor and mystic who died in 1851 when Cler ...
, who noted that an Arabic chronicle had referred to the construction by Baybars in 672 AH of two bridges build of a significant nature "in the neighbourhood of Ramleh". The chief purpose of these bridges was to ease communication for his armies between Egypt and northern Syria.Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, ARP II, pp110
117 The second of these two bridges is thought to be the
Jisr Jindas
Jisr Jindas, Arabic for "Jindas Bridge", also known as Baybars Bridge, was built in 1273 CE. It crosses a small wadi, known in Hebrew as the Ayalon River, on the old road leading south to Lod and Ramla.Petersen, 2001, p183/ref> The bridge is name ...
.
According to Clermont-Ganneau
Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau (19 February 1846 – 15 February 1923) was a noted French Orientalist and archaeologist.
Biography
Clermont-Ganneau was born in Paris, the son of Simon Ganneau, a sculptor and mystic who died in 1851 when Cler ...
, the bridge was built in 671–672 AH (1273–1274). ''The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land'' cites the completion date as 1273.
Max van Berchem
Edmond Maximilien Berthout van Berchem (16 March 1863, Geneva – 7 March 1921, Vaumarcus) commonly known as Max van Berchem, was a Swiss philologist, epigraphist and historian. Best known as the founder of Arabic epigraphy in the Western wor ...
, who examined it in the late 19th century, found that the bridge contained large amount of reused Crusader masonry, some of which carried mason´s marks.
Description
The bridge is long, and wide.Petersen, 2001, p318
/ref> It comprises three arches, two
central piers
The Central Ferry Piers (Chinese: 中環碼頭) are situated on the northeast part of Central, Hong Kong Island. The ferries mostly depart to Outlying Islands in the New Territories, with the exception of Pier 1 serving as a governme ...
with triangular upstream-facing cutwaters and downstream-facing buttress
A buttress is an architectural structure built against or projecting from a wall which serves to support or reinforce the wall. Buttresses are fairly common on more ancient buildings, as a means of providing support to act against the lateral ( ...
es with sloping cills.
It is very similar in design to the more well-known Jisr Jindas
Jisr Jindas, Arabic for "Jindas Bridge", also known as Baybars Bridge, was built in 1273 CE. It crosses a small wadi, known in Hebrew as the Ayalon River, on the old road leading south to Lod and Ramla.Petersen, 2001, p183/ref> The bridge is name ...
, apart from the width of the piers.Petersen, 2010, p297
/ref> The bridge has a more than 2:1 arch-span to pier-width ratio versus approximately 1:1 at Jisr Jindas. The bridge does not contain any decoration or inscriptions, similar to that found on Jisr Jindas. However, according to Andrew Petersen there is "a possible inscription or signature" on a stone at the south end.
See also
*Barid The ''barīd'' ( ar, بريد, often translated as "the postal service") was the state-run courier service of the Umayyad and later Abbasid Caliphates. A major institution in the early Islamic states, the ''barid'' was not only responsible for the o ...
, Muslim postal network renewed during Mamluk period (roads, bridges, khans)
**Jisr al-Ghajar
Ghajar ( ar, غجر, he, ע'ג'ר or ) is an Alawite-Arab village on the Hasbani River, on the border between Lebanon and the Israeli-occupied portion of Syria's Golan Heights. In , it had a population of .
History
Early history
Control ov ...
, stone bridge south of Ghajar
**Daughters of Jacob Bridge
Daughters of Jacob Bridge ( he, גשר בנות יעקב, ''Gesher Bnot Ya'akov''; ar, جسر بنات يعقوب, ''Jisr Benat Ya'kub''). is a bridge that spans the last natural ford of the Jordan at the southern end of the Hula Basin between ...
(Jisr Banat Yaqub), Mamluk bridge on the upper Jordan River
**Al-Sinnabra
Al-Sinnabra or Sinn en-Nabra, is the Arabic place name for a historic site on the southern shore of the Sea of Galilee in modern-day Israel. The ancient site lay on a spur from the hills that close the southern end of the Sea of Galilee, next to ...
Crusader bridge, with nearby Jisr Umm el-Qanatir/Jisr Semakh and Jisr es-Sidd further downstream
**Jisr el-Majami
Jisr el-Majami or Jisr al-Mujamieh ( ar, جسر المجامع, Jisr al-Majami, Meeting Bridge or "The bridge of the place of assembling", and he, גֶּשֶׁר, ''Gesher'', lit. "Bridge") is an ancient stone bridge, possibly of Roman origin, o ...
bridge over the Jordan, with Mamluk khan
**Jisr Jindas
Jisr Jindas, Arabic for "Jindas Bridge", also known as Baybars Bridge, was built in 1273 CE. It crosses a small wadi, known in Hebrew as the Ayalon River, on the old road leading south to Lod and Ramla.Petersen, 2001, p183/ref> The bridge is name ...
bridge over the Ayalon near Lydda and Ramla
**Isdud Bridge
Jisr Isdud or Isdud Bridge, also known as the Ad Halom Bridge,Petersen, A. (2008): ''Bridges in Medieval Palestine'', in U. Vermeulen & K. Dhulster (eds.)History of Egypt & Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid & Mamluk Eras V V. Peeters, Leuven was a ...
(Mamluk, 13th century) outside Ashdod/Isdud
** Jisr ed-Damiye, bridges over the Jordan (Roman, Mamluk, modern)
References
Bibliography
* * * * *Petersen, A. (2010):Bridges in Medieval Palestine
', in U. Vermeulen & K. Dhulster (eds.)
History of Egypt & Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid & Mamluk Eras V
V. Peeters, Leuven
External links
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 13IAA
{{coord, 31, 52, 10.35, N, 34, 45, 8.55, E, region:SY_type:city, display=title Bridges in Israel Bridges completed in the 13th century Mamluk architecture in Israel