Background
{{Main, Yemeni crisis, Houthi insurgency in Yemen After the end of their rule, from the 1960s onwards,Timeline
{{Main, Timeline of the Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)Beginning of the conflict
{{Main, Battle of Sanaa (2014), Houthi takeover in Yemen {{See also, Battle of Aden Airport, 2015 Sanaa mosque bombings (disambiguation){{!2015 Sanaa mosque bombings After several weeks of street protests against the Hadi administration, which made cuts to fuel subsidies that were unpopular with the group, the Houthis fought theForeign involvement
{{Main, Foreign involvement in the Yemeni Civil WarIn April 2015,Saudi-led intervention in Yemen
{{Main, Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen In response to rumors thatArab League
InDrone strikes
{{See also, Terrorism in Yemen#US air attacks, List of drone strikes in Yemen Since the mid-2000s, theIslamic State presence and operations
The Islamic State (IS) has proclaimed several provinces in Yemen and has urged its adherents to wage war against the Houthi movement, as well as against Zaydis in general. ISIS militants have conducted bombing attacks in various parts of the country, particularly against mosques in Sanaʽa. On 6 October 2015, IS militants conducted a series of suicide bombings in Aden that killed 15 soldiers affiliated with the Hadi-led government and the Saudi-led coalition.{{cite news, url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-aden-hotel-idUSKCN0S009E20151006, work=Reuters, title=Islamic State claims suicide attacks on Yemeni government, Gulf troops, date=6 October 2015, access-date=6 October 2015, url-status=live, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006201537/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/10/06/us-yemen-security-aden-hotel-idUSKCN0S009E20151006, archive-date=6 October 2015 The attacks were directed against the al-Qasr hotel, which had been a headquarters for pro-Hadi officials, and also military facilities. Yemeni officials and UAE state news agency declared that 11 Yemeni and 4 United Arab Emirates soldiers were killed in Aden due to 4 coordinated Islamic State suicide bombings. Prior to the claim of responsibility by the Islamic State, UAE officials blamed the Houthis and former president Ali Abdullah Saleh, for the attacks.Humanitarian situation
{{See also, Human rights violations during the Yemeni Civil War (2014–present), 2016–2022 Yemen cholera outbreak, Famine in Yemen (2016–present)Even before the war tens of thousands of Yemeni children were dying of preventable causes. But now, the situation is much worse and an estimated 1,000 children are dying every week from preventable killers like diarrhea, malnutrition, and respiratory tract infections.In March 2017, the World Food Program reported that while Yemen was not yet in a full-blown famine, 60% of Yemenis, or 17 million people, were in "crisis" or "emergency" food situations. In June 2017, a
War crime accusations
According toImpact on citizens
Children and women
According to UN estimates, the war has directly caused the death of over 3,000 children {{as of, lc=1, December 2020; while indirect causes of the war (lack of food, health and infrastructure) have led to additional deaths. The UN estimates that at the end of 2021, 70% of all the casualties of the war (around 259,000) are children under five. Yemeni refugee women and children are extremely susceptible to smuggling and human trafficking. NGOs report that vulnerable populations in Yemen were at increased risk for human trafficking in 2015 because of ongoing armed conflict, civil unrest, and lawlessness. Migrant workers from the Somalia who remained in Yemen during this period suffered from increased violence, and women and children became most vulnerable to human trafficking. Prostitution on women and child sex slaves is a social issue in Yemen. Citizens of other gulf states are beginning to be drawn into the sex tourism industry. The poorest people in Yemen work locally and children are commonly sold as sex slaves abroad. While this issue is worsening, the plight of Somalis in Yemen has been ignored by the government. Emphasizing the dire humanitarian needs for about 23.4 million people, UNFPA reported the lack of access to sexual and reproductive health and protection services, and exposure to death in pregnancy and childbirth and life-threatening violence. An increase in child marriage as a coping mechanism by impoverished families as the conflict continues was also reported. Children are recruited between the ages of 13 and 17, and as young as 10 years old into armed forces despite a law against it in 1991. The rate of militant recruitment in Yemen increases exponentially. According to an international organization, between 26 March and 24 April 2015, armed groups recruited at least 140 children. According to the New York Times report, 1.8 million children in Yemen are extremely subject to malnutrition in 2018. Both the Saudi-led coalition and the Houthis were blacklisted by the UN over the deaths of children during the war. In 2016 Saudi Arabia was removed from the list after alleged pressure from Gulf countries who threatened to withdraw hundreds of millions of dollars in assistance to the UN, the decision was criticized by human rights groups and the coalition added again in 2017 and was accused of killing or injuring 683 children, and attacking many of schools and hospitals in 38 confirmed attacks, while the Houthis were accused of being responsible for 414 child casualties in 2016. On 16 June 2020, theHealth
{{Main, Famine in Yemen (2016–present), 2016–2022 Yemen cholera outbreak The UN estimates that the war caused an estimated 230,000 deaths by December 2020, of which 130,000 were from indirect causes which include lack of food, health services and infrastructure.{{cite web, url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/12/1078972, title=UN humanitarian office puts Yemen war dead at 233,000, mostly from 'indirect causes', date=1 December 2020, website=UN News Earlier estimates from 2018 fromReligious minorities
As of March 2020, the Jewish Cemetery in Aden was destroyed; as of April 2020, the fate of the last 50 Jews in Yemen was reported to be unknown. On 13 July 2020 it was reported that the Houthi Militia is capturing the last Jews of Yemen of theEducation
The civil war in Yemen severely impacted and degraded the country's education system. The number of children who are out of school increased to 1.8 million in 2015–2016 out of more than 5 million registered students, according to the 2013 statistics released by the Ministry of Education.{{Cite news, url=http://blogs.worldbank.org/arabvoices/education-yemen-struggles-conflict, title=Education in Yemen Struggles after More than a Year of Conflict, last=Moheyddeen, first=Khalid, date=2016-10-07, work=Voices and Views: Middle East and North Africa, access-date=2017-04-13, url-status=live, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415011405/http://blogs.worldbank.org/arabvoices/education-yemen-struggles-conflict, archive-date=15 April 2017 Moreover, 3600 schools are directly affected; 68 schools are occupied by armed groups, 248 schools have severe structural damage, and 270 are used to house refugees. The Yemen government has not been able to improve this situation due to limited authority and manpower. Some of the education system's problems include: not enough financial resources to operate schools and salaries of the teachers, not enough materials to reconstruct damaged schools, and lack of machinery to print textbooks and provide school supplies. These are caused by the unstable government that cannot offer enough financial support since many schools are either damaged or used for other purposes. Despite warfare and destruction of schools, the education ministry was able to send teams to oversee primary and secondary schools' final exam in order to give students 15–16 school year certificates. Currently,Residential condition
The Yemeni quality of life is affected by the civil war and people have suffered enormous hardships. Although mines are banned by the government, Houthi forces placed anti-personnel mines in many parts of Yemen including Aden. Thousands of civilians are injured when they accidentally step on mines; many lose their legs and injure their eyes. It is estimated that more than 500,000 mines have been laid by Houthi forces during the conflict. The pro-Hadi Yemen Army was able to remove 300,000 Houthi mines in recently captured areas, including 40,000 mines on the outskirts ofRefugees
Evacuation of foreign nationals from Yemen
{{See also, Evacuation of Pakistani citizens during the Yemeni Civil War (2015), Operation Raahat (India) The Royal Saudi Navy evacuated diplomats andUnited Nations response
ThePeace process
{{Main, Yemeni peace process Numerous attempts at negotiating an end to the war have been made, particularly since 2015, but as of 2022, the war has continued.Other developments
Armed Houthis ransackedEnvironmental impacts
Water
Yemen is facing one of the world's worst Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) crises. The lack of governance has left Yemen without a viable water supply. Poor sanitation and the lack of clean water has had a deteriorating effect on the health of Yemenis, which is apparent through the increasing cases of cholera in Yemen since 2015. The entire country has been affected by a water shortage and the price of drinking water has more than doubled. Drinking water has become unaffordable for most Yemenis. The problem in Yemen is widespread, thus making it difficult to reduce the problem from escalating because it is hard to supply everyone on a regular basis. The Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa at UNICEF, Geert Cappelaere, has explained that the fuel shortages in Yemen have deepened the water and health crisis. The water pumping stations in Yemen have been jeopardized as they are quickly running out of fuel and over 3 million people are dependent on these water pumps which have been established through public networks. The ICRC has been working closely with vulnerable people where the resources are limited but aim to prevent the water crisis from worsening by buying 750,000 liters of diesel to provide clean water for people living in Yemen. Already a scarce commodity, the amount of water withdrawn from wells in 2016 reached unsustainable levels. The ICRC has also been working carefully with local authorities to provide water to 330,000 people in Aden. They have also installed wells nearby Aden to provide water to the neighborhood when they are experiencing shortages of water. Water resources have been used by both sides during the war as a tactic during the conflict. Unlike other countries in the Middle East, Yemen has no rivers to depend on for water resources. In 2017, 250,¬000 people of Taiz's total population of 654,330 were served by public water supply networks. As a result of the ongoing conflict NGO's have struggled to reach the sanitation facilities due to security issues. Since the aerial bombardment, Taiz has been left in a critical situation as the current water production is not sufficient for the population. Water supply and sanitation in Yemen, Water availability in Yemen has decreased. Water scarcity with an intrinsic geographical formation in highlands and limited capital to build water infrastructures and provision service caused a catastrophic water shortage in Yemen. Aquifer recharge rates are decreasing while salt water intrusion is increasing. After the civil war began in 2015, the water buckets were destroyed significantly and price of water highly increased. Storing water capacity has been demolished by war and supply chains have been occupied by military personnel, which makes the delivery of water far more difficult. In 2015, over 15 million people need healthcare and over 20 million need clean water and sanitation—an increase of 52 percent since the intervention, but the government agencies can not afford to deliver clean water to displaced Yemeni citizens.{{Cite news, url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2015/09/14/the-perfect-humanitarian-storm-has-arrived-in-yemen/, title=The perfect humanitarian storm has arrived in Yemen {{! Brookings Institution, date=2017-04-24, work=Brookings, access-date=2017-04-24, url-status=live, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414163642/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2015/09/14/the-perfect-humanitarian-storm-has-arrived-in-yemen/, archive-date=14 April 2017Agriculture
The Yemen civil war resulted in a severe lack of food and vegetation. Agricultural production in the country has suffered substantially leaving Yemen to face the threat of famine. Yemen has been since United Nations Security Council Resolution 2216, UNSC resolution 2216 was approved in April 2015,{{cite news , title=Security Council Demands End to Yemen Violence, Adopting Resolution 2216 (2015), with Russian Federation Abstaining , agency=SC/11859 , issue=SECURITY COUNCIL 7426TH MEETING (AM) , url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sc11859.doc.htm , publisher=United Nations , date=14 April 2015 under blockade by land, sea, and air which has disrupted the delivery of many foreign resources to Houthi-controlled territory. In a country where 90% of the food requirements are met through imports, this blockade has had serious consequences concerning the availability of food to its citizens.{{Cite news, url=http://sanaacenter.org/publications/item/26-yemens_economic_collapse_and_impending_famine.html, title=Yemen's economic collapse and impending famine: The necessary immediate steps to avoid worst-case scenarios, last=Rageh, first=Farea Al-Muslimi & Mansour, access-date=2017-03-12, url-status=live, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321005931/http://sanaacenter.org/publications/item/26-yemens_economic_collapse_and_impending_famine.html, archive-date=21 March 2017 It is reported that out of the population of 24 million in Yemen, everyday 13 million are going hungry and 6 million are at risk of starvation. In October 2016, Robert Fisk reported that there is strong evidence suggesting that the agricultural sector in Houthi-controlled territory was being deliberately destroyed by the Saudi-led coalition, thus exacerbating the food shortage and leaving the Houthis dependent solely on imports, which are difficult to obtain in view of the blockade.{{Cite news, url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-s-bombing-of-yemeni-farmland-is-a-disgraceful-breach-of-the-geneva-conventions-a7376576.html, title=Saudi Arabia 'deliberately targeting impoverished Yemen's farms and agricultural industry', date=2016-10-23, work=The Independent, access-date=2017-03-12, url-status=live, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312194049/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-s-bombing-of-yemeni-farmland-is-a-disgraceful-breach-of-the-geneva-conventions-a7376576.html, archive-date=12 March 2017See also
{{Columns-list, colwidth=30em, *Casualty recording *Famine in Yemen (2016–present) *2016–2021 Yemen cholera outbreak *Airstrikes on hospitals in Yemen *Arab Spring *Notes
References
{{Reflist, refs= See: *{{cite magazine, url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-03-21/exclusive-iran-steps-up-support-for-houthis-in-yemens-war-sources, title=Exclusive: Iran Steps up Support for Houthis in Yemen's War – Sources, magazine=U.S. News & World Report, date=21 March 2017, access-date=30 March 2017, url-status=live, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322202635/https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-03-21/exclusive-iran-steps-up-support-for-houthis-in-yemens-war-sources, archive-date=22 March 2017 *{{cite web, title=Arab coalition intercepts Houthi ballistic missile targeting Saudi city of Jazan, url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2017/03/20/Arab-coalition-intercepts-Houthi-ballistic-missile-targeting-Saudi-city-of-Jazan.html, website=english.alarabiya.net, publisher=Al Arabiya, access-date=30 March 2017, date=20 March 2017, url-status=live, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329031618/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2017/03/20/Arab-coalition-intercepts-Houthi-ballistic-missile-targeting-Saudi-city-of-Jazan.html, archive-date=29 March 2017 *{{cite web, last1=Taleblu, first1=Behnam Ben, last2=Toumaj, first2=Amir, title=Analysis: IRGC implicated in arming Yemeni Houthis with rockets, url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/08/analysis-irgc-implicated-in-arming-yemeni-houthis-with-missiles.php, website=www.longwarjournal.org, publisher=Long War Journal, access-date=30 March 2017, date=21 August 2016, url-status=live, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322203030/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/08/analysis-irgc-implicated-in-arming-yemeni-houthis-with-missiles.php, archive-date=22 March 2017 *{{cite web, last1=Segall, first1=Michael, title=Yemen Has Become Iran's Testing Ground for New Weapons, url=http://jcpa.org/article/yemen-has-become-irans-testing-ground-for-new-weapons/, website=jcpa.org, publisher=Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, access-date=30 March 2017, date=2 March 2017, url-status=live, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316204703/http://jcpa.org/article/yemen-has-become-irans-testing-ground-for-new-weapons/, archive-date=16 March 2017 *{{cite news, work=External links
{{External media , align = right , width = 220px , video1 = {{YouTube, CwwP3SiBIC8, The US may be aiding war crimes in Yemen , video2 = {{YouTube, f9qwbLAyanY, PBS Report from Yemen: As Millions Face Starvation, American-Made Bombs Are Killing Civilians {{Commons category-inline