Background
The issue on which the French movement centered at first was the projected 2019 increase in fuel taxes, particularly on diesel fuel. The yellow vest was an accessible symbol for the protests, as all French drivers have been required to have one in their vehicles since 2008.General discontentment
Already low in early 2018 (47% approval in January 2018),Diesel
In the 1950s,Fuel prices
The price of petrol (SP95-E10) decreased during 2018, from €1.47 per liter (USD $6.57/gallon) in January to €1.43 per liter (USD $6.40/gallon) in the last week of November. Prices of petrol and diesel fuel increased by 15 percent and 23 percent respectively between October 2017 and October 2018. The world market purchase price of petrol for distributors increased by 28 percent over the previous year; for diesel, by 35 percent. Costs of distribution increased by 40 percent. VAT included, diesel taxes increased by 14 percent over one year and petrol taxes by 7.5 percent. The tax increase had been 7.6 cents per litre on diesel and 3.9 cents on petrol in 2018, with a further increase of 6.5 cents on diesel and 2.9 cents on petrol planned for 1 January 2019. The taxes collected on the sale of fuel are: * The domestic consumption tax on energy products (TICPE, ''la Taxe intérieure de consommation sur les produits énergétiques''), which is not calculated based on the price of oil, but rather at a fixed rate by volume. Part of this tax, paid at the pump, goes to regional governments, while another portion goes to the national government. Since 2014, this tax has included aSpeed limit reduction
The government decided in 2017 to cut the speed limit on country roads from 1 July 2018 from 90 to with the aim to save 200 lives each year, after research found that "excessive or unsuitable" speed was involved in a third (32 percent) of fatal road accidents. The change was opposed and was a factor in the rise of the yellow vest movement. It was seen as another tax via citations and a failure to understand the needs of rural residents who are totally reliant on their cars. Vandalism of traffic enforcement cameras grew significantly after the yellow vest movement began.Economic reforms
Sparked by claims that the fuel tax was intended to finance tax cuts for big business (a characterization that French PresidentYellow vest symbol
Origin
Éric Drouet and a businesswoman namedTimeline First phase
2018
17 November: "Act I"
24 November: "Act II"
With the protests in Paris having raised tensions the previous week, the Interior Ministry agreed to allow a gathering on 24 November at the1 December: "Act III"
8 December: "Act IV"
10 December: Macron's televised address
In his 10 December speech to the French people in response to the movement, Macron pledged a €100 per month increase in the minimum wage in 2019, the exclusion of charges and taxes on overtime hours in 2019, and on any 2018 end-of-year bonuses paid to employees. Macron likewise announced that pensioners on low incomes would be excluded from an increase in the CSG in 2019. He stood by his replacement of the solidarity tax on wealth with increases in property taxes. The broadcast was watched by more than 23 million people, making it the most-viewed political speech in French history. After investigation, it became apparent that the minimum wage itself would not be raised by €100 a month but that those eligible would see an increase in the activity bonus paid by the CAF. On 11 December, after having declared a state of economic and social emergency the day before, Macron invited representatives of the French banks to the Elysée to announce that the banks had agreed to freeze their prices in 2019 and to permanently limit incident-related fees to €25 a month ($/month) for people in extreme financial difficulty, as determined by the Bank of France.15 December: "Act V"
In the wake of the22 December: "Act VI"
29 December: "Act VII"
Much quieter than in the first weeks on a national level, there was a significant confrontation in2019
5 January: "Act VIII"
According to the French Ministry of the Interior, the first demonstrations of 2019 brought 50,000 people into the streets across France. A door to Rennes' city hall was damaged, while government Spokesman Benjamin Griveaux was evacuated from his office on Rue de Grenelle (Paris) through the garden, after rioters hijacked a12 January: "Act IX"
Attendance increased in the ninth straight weekend of protests, with at least 84,000 demonstrating on 12 January for economic reform across France, including 8,000 in Paris, 6,000 in Bourges, 6,000 in Bordeaux, and 2,000 in Strasbourg. Government officials deployed 80,000 security forces nationwide, vowing "zero tolerance" for violence. The CRS (riot police) resorted to tear gas in most major cities. On the streets of Paris, protesters marching "noisily but mostly peacefully", singing the French national anthem, were met by 5,000 riot police officers, armored vehicles and barricades. Citing 5 January attack on the19 January: "Act X"
26 January: "Act XI"
Nationwide demonstrations continued for an eleventh straight week on Saturday, 26 January. The French interior ministry estimated crowds of 69,000 across the country, and local police estimated 4,000 in Paris. A high-profile member of the protest movement, Jérôme Rodrigues, was maimed after being shot in the face by police with a2 February: "Act XII"
On Friday, 1 February 2019, Edouard Philippe went to Bordeaux and informed merchants that an agreement had been found with insurers to treat insurance damage claims in successive weeks as part of a single event (with a single deductible). He also announced that the ten cities most affected by degradations, including Bordeaux, would receive €300,000 ($). On Saturday, 2 February, between 10,000 and 13,800 people protested in Paris, with thousands more in16 February: "Act XIV"
16 March: "Act XVIII"
Leaders of the movement stated on 8 March 2019 that a protest (which had already been dubbed "The Ultimatum") was planned for the following weekend of 16 March. 200 people were taken into custody in Paris after the Champs-Elysées was again targeted by rioters. Luxury stores including7 September: "Act XLIII"
New protests were held in cities, including Montpellier, Rouen and Strasbourg.21 September: "Act XLV"
A new wave of yellow vest protests was initiated in Paris for the 45th consecutive week. Over a hundred demonstrators were taken into custody after they attempted to enter Avenue Champs-Elysees by force.2020
14 March: "Act LXX"
People participated in the protests of 14 March 2020 in spite of the imminent COVID-19 national lockdown, but leaders of the movement, like Maxime Nicolle and Jérôme Rodrigues, called on staying safe at home. The lockdown effectively put an end to the weekly protests.Fatalities and injuries
Impact
Adama Committee and Nuit Debout
On 29 November,Students protesting against the government's educational reforms
Angered by Macron's education reforms and plans to change theChristmas shopping season
Overall, by mid-December, trade losses of €2 billion ($) had been reported as a result of the blocked roundabouts leading to commercial zones and the closures of urban chains. The chain supermarkets, in particular, reported that traffic had been down significantly, estimating the overall loss at around €600 million ($) as of 13 December.Vinci growth
Tourism
The riots have led to a declining number of tourists to Paris in 2019, with hotel owners reporting fewer bookings in the run-up to the summer tourist season. Cancellations have risen as visitors are scared off from traveling to France for safety and security concerns, while corporate trips have also sought to avoid Paris because the protests have turned the city into a liability. Overall, France reported the largest decreases in international tourist activity in Europe, compared to countries such as theCultural impact
A video of comedian Anne-Sophie Bajon, known as La Bajon, in the role of Emmanuel Macron's lawyer wearing a yellow vest, has been seen several million times on social networks. Dancer Nadia Vadori-Gauthier improvised choreography in the street during demonstrations with the fumes of the various gases and fires of cars. On 15 December 2018, on the sidelines of the demonstration on the Champs-Élysées, Deborah De Robertis organized a demonstration in which five women appear topless in front of the French police, with a costume reminiscent of the French Goddess of LibertyReactions and counter-protest
Comparisons
Adam Gopnik writes that ''gilets jaunes'' can be viewed as part of a series of French street protests stretching back to at least 1995 strikes in France, the strikes of 1995. Citing historian Herrick Chapman, he suggests General de Gaulle's centralization of power when creating the French Fifth Republic was so excessive that it made street protests the only "dynamic alternative to government policy".''Foulards rouges'' (red scarves)
On 27 January 2019 a counter-demonstration occurred in Paris by a group identifying themselves by the ''foulards rouges'' ("red scarves") they chose to wear. They put out a joint statement with other groups saying: "We denounce the insurrectional climate created by the yellow vests. We also reject the threats and constant verbal abuse (aimed at non-yellow vests)".Concerns about extremist elements in the movement
Concerns that the yellow vests movement was providing a new forum for extremist views were more frequently reported in the media afterTimeline Second phase (Protests adopting yellow vests as a symbol)
France (afterwards)
2020
=25 July
= After the government change on Saturday 25 July 2020, several dozen people protested in Toulouse.=12 September
= For the first time after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, Coronavirus lockdown, protesters returned to the streets; more than 250 protesters were arrested by the police. Some of the protesters wore black clothes and carried the flag of an anti-fascist movement, suggesting the presence of radical demonstrators dubbed "black blocs" often blamed for violence at street marches in France.=10–12 October
= Yellow vests launched fireworks at a police station in Paris and struck the building with metal bars. No injuries occurred. This protest is suspected to be linked to the disapproval of French police brutality issues. Delinquent youth also appeared in the group of around 40 people, some unrelated to the cause.2020–2021
=Anti-security protests
= Demonstrations (sometimes called "marches of freedom" or "marches of freedom and justice") gathered several thousand people (including yellow vests) in several French cities on the evening of 17 November, at the initiative of a union of journalists and human rights defense associations. Violence breaks out in Paris. Several employed journalists are handled by police officers, photographer Taranis News and French journalist 3 Paris Ile-de-France have been taken into police custody (receive a reminder of the law), provoking strong criticism from the audiovisual group and journalists' unions – who also see effects national law enforcement plan published two months ago. Other demonstrations were being held on 21 November in about 20 cities. This is also the case on 28 November, this time in more than seventy cities. Between 46,000 (Interior Ministry) and 200,000 people (organizers) demonstrated that day in Paris, between 133,000 and 500,000 in France. Syrian photojournalist Ameer Al Halbi was wounded in the face with a baton. The Reporter Without Borders filed a complaint for intentional violence by a person with public authority106. According to the Ministry of the Interior, several dozen police officers and gendarmes were wounded, and one of them, in Paris, was pushed to the ground and then severely beaten. On 5 December, about 90 parades parade across France and gather, according to the Interior Ministry, about 50,000 people; clashes with police took place in Paris, Dijon, Nantes and Lyon, which, according to Gerald Darmanin, led to 95 arrests and resulted in 67 injuries among police, including 48 in Paris. In addition, the protester was severely wounded in the arm, probably by a GM2L bomb. The Paris demonstration on 12 December 2020, gathered 5,000 protesters against the police and took place "without major incidents" against Le Monde113, but MPs, associations and unions during the demonstrations condemned "arbitrary arrests". Gerald Darmanin mentions 142 arrests and welcomes the position of the forces security that would enable the avoidance of violence. Police have been in prison several times (32 times according to Mediapart) to arrest potentially violent people; but according to footage broadcast by Mediapart, these attacks occur "for no apparent reason". Of the 142 arrested, 5 were convicted, including only two for acts of violence. On 22 December 2020, the State Council, seized by La Quadrature du Net, ruled that the monitoring of these demonstrations by the Paris police prefecture using drones was illegal. Tens of thousands of protesters marched across France on 16 January 2021, to condemn a security law that critics say would restrict police filming and posting pictures on social media, especially to document cases of police brutality. A new rally against the protection of police officers was held on 30 January, with significantly fewer demonstrators than in November and December 2020. In the afternoon and evening, there were occasional incidents between the police and the demonstrators. Police used batons, tear gas and water cannons. The following Saturday, 6 February 2021, three protests took place in Bordeaux. Fabienne Buccio, the prefect, has issued a new prefecture decree banning all processions, parades and gatherings on the streets of the inner city. She is especially afraid that she will "join these declared demonstrations of individuals who are openly hostile to the police and who want to create disturbances in the public order in the city center." Protests were also held in Nantes, Toulouse, Paris and Nancy, where occasional incidents took place at the end of the procession.Vaccination obligation, sanitary pass
The announcement of president Emmanuel Macron, Macron on 12 July 2021 of a COVID-19 vaccination in France, COVID-19 vaccination obligation for all health care workers by 15 September, as well as the obligation for people older than twelve to show a "COVID-19 vaccine card#France, sanitary pass" as of August for admittance to cafés, restaurants, cinemas, hospitals, senior citizens' homes, trains, shopping malls, and other public venues led to protests across France. The 'sanitary pass' should prove that someone is either vaccinated, has recently COVID-19 testing, tested negative, or has recovered from COVID-19. Macron's motivation was: "We are in a new race against time", "Vaccination is the only way to protect yourself and others".Social unrest in the French West Indies
The 2021–2022 Social unrest in the French West Indies, 2021–2022 French West Indies unrest is a social conflict that has been taking place since November 17, 2021 in the French West Indies, particularly in Guadeloupe and Martinique. Unrest has also been reported in other Overseas France, Overseas Territories like Saint Pierre and Miquelon. Following the French government's decision to introduce compulsory vaccination for health care workers and the health pass in several public places, acts of vandalism, a general strike, and demonstrations began, first in Guadeloupe and then in Martinique.France convoy protest
The French convoy protest ''le Convoi de la Liberté'' ("the liberty convoy") is an ongoing protest in Paris inspired by the Canadian convoy protests. They are protesting COVID-19 restrictions as well as president2022 French presidential election protests
On April 16, after Macron's victory in the first round of presidential voting, left-wing demonstrators clashed with police. French security forces fired tear gas as the anti-right-wing demonstrators marched, before allowing the protests to resume. On April 24, after Macron's victory in the second round of presidential voting, protests broke out in many departments. In the area of Châtelet (Paris Métro), Chatelet, riot police charged and sprayed tear gas on demonstrators. Students protested outside of the Sorbonne (building), Sorbonne, expressing their disillusionment with the lack of choice in second-round voting.Other countries or regions
Belgium
Canada
In Canada, the Yellow Vests is a Far-right politics, far right and alt-right movement. Starting in late 2018 after the France protests, the Canadian Yellow Vests groups began to gain popularity. The Canadian group incorporates a Xenophobia, xenophobic message, is against the federal Carbon pricing in Canada, Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, and is Pipelines in Canada, pro-petrochemical-pipeline, but is primarily focused on Opposition to immigration, anti-immigration, Islamophobia in Canada, anti-Islam, Antisemitism in Canada, anti-semitic and White supremacy, white supremacist rhetoric. Beginning in late December 2018, various yellow-vest-wearing protest movements have been seen across the country. This protest movement, known as Yellow Vests Canada, does not follow the same goals as the French movement. Protests have had occasional outbreaks of violence. Groups of various protesters wearing yellow vests have taken place in at least a 30 cities and towns across Canada as of January 2019. An early yellow vest protest, which included "hundreds of vehicles", was held in Medicine Hat, Medicine Hat, Alberta, organized by Tamara Lich, who was later arrested for organizing the 2022 Canada convoy protest, convoy protest in Ottawa. A controversial event in February 2019 known as the "United We Roll" truck convoy attracted several Yellow Vest participants to the grounds of Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Prominent political officials such as federal Conservative Party of Canada, Conservative Party leader Andrew Scheer and People's Party of Canada, People's Party leader Maxime Bernier addressed the crowd. Scheer and Bernier drew criticism for appearing at the United We Roll event when it was revealed that alt-right personality Faith Goldy, formerly of controversial Internet outlet The Rebel Media, Rebel Media, was also in attendance and made a presentation to the participants, several of whom carried signs and chanted slogans accusing Prime Minister of Canada, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of "treason" and demanding that Canada withdraw from the non-binding United Nations Global Compact for Migration, Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM). Conservative Senator David Tkachuk was also at the rally and was criticized for his remarks calling upon truck drivers to "roll over every Liberal left in the country". Liberal Party of Canada, Liberal Minister of Natural Resources Amarjeet Sohi and New Democratic Party, NDP MP Nathan Cullen were among the members of Parliament who expressed concern that the presence of mainstream political leaders at the rally was lending legitimacy to the movement. Anti-racism activist Evan Balgord, director of the Canadian Anti-Hate Network, condemned Scheer for his support of an organization whose members have repeatedly promulgated conspiracy theories and made death threats against Muslims, immigrants, members of Parliament, and Prime Minister Trudeau. A spokesperson for Scheer denied that the Conservative leader intended to lend support to racist and/or violent groups, telling columnist Martin Patriquin that "We can't control who shows up to these events." On 15 June 2019, a number of Yellow Vests Canada protesters joined groups protesting LGBT individuals at a Pride parade, Pride Festival in Hamilton, Ontario, and several people were injured. According to the Canadian Anti-Hate Network (CAHN), there is a direct link between the Yellow vests protesters in Canada and 2022 Canada convoy protests, also known as the Freedom Convoy 2022. Associates of the Yellow vest protests in Canada also organized the much smaller 2019 convoy "United We Roll" (UWR) convoy. Starting in 2018, Tamara Lich, attended Yellow vests events and promoted the movement as early as 2018, before becoming one of its organizers. Lich was the Freedom Convoy's main fundraiser and organizer. Pat King, who was another Freedom Convoy organizer, was also active in the Yellow vest protests, the Wexit separation movement, and United We Roll. CAHN said that Yellow vest Facebook groups posts contained "calls for Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's arrest and execution" which was also a major theme of the Canada convoy protests.Rest of the world
* Australia: Australian Liberty Alliance, a minor far-right political party, rebranded itself as Yellow Vest Australia on 9 April. * Bulgaria: Anti-government protesters in Bulgaria began wearing high-visibility vests from 16 November. * Croatia: On 15 December 2018, "Yellow Vests Croatia" held demonstrations in Zagreb, Pula and Rijeka. * Egypt: In December 2018, a temporary one-month restriction on the sale of yellow reflective vests was introduced in an attempt to prevent the incidence of protests closely mimicking the then-ongoing yellow vest protests in France. * Finland: Anti-immigration protesters, who had begun demonstrations before the rise of the yellow vests movement, have adopted the yellow vest symbol, beginning with a demonstration on 17 December. * Germany: The yellow vests symbol was used both by the left and right-wing groups, including Pegida and Aufstehen, who demonstrated at the Brandenburg Gate, Dresden, Munich and in Stuttgart. * Iraq: On 5 December 2018, yellow-vest-inspired 2015–2018 Iraqi protests, protesters demonstrated in Basra, Iraq, for more job opportunities and better services. They were reportedly fired upon with live ammunition. * Ireland: Initially, at least three rival groups claimed the "Yellow Vest" name in Ireland, and varied from general opposition to the government to far-right/alt-right and xenophobic views. In December 2018, hundreds attended yellow vests protests in the centre of Dublin against 'the perceived failures of the Government', and also the use of fluoride in the public water supply. In January 2019 minor protests were held in Dublin, Belfast, Galway, Limerick, Wicklow, Waterford and Donegal. On 16 November and 14 December 2019, and on 12 September 2020, Yellow Vest Ireland participated in demonstrations in Dublin outside the Dáil, in opposition to proposed anti-hate speech legislation and COVID lockdowns. By mid-to-late 2020, the group was protesting against COVID-19 prevention measures taken by the Irish government. * Israel: Economic uncertainty and corruption led to a yellow vest rally at the Azrieli Center, Azrieli Centre Mall in Tel Aviv on 14 December. * Italy: The yellow vests symbol has been used by multiple protest groups in Italy. In November 2018, a pro-Italian government, anti-EU protest group launched a Facebook page with thousands of online supporters, stating it was "inspired by the French ''gilet jaunes''". On 15 December, several thousand people wearing yellow vests marched in Rome to protest against Italy's "tough new anti-migrant law". In January 2019, the leaders of Conte Cabinet, Italy's ruling government coalition announced their support for the ''gilet jaunes'' protests in France. Agence France-Presse, AFP reported that it is "extremely rare for European leaders to back anti-government protesters in a fellow member state". * Latvia: FoundationNotable members
*See also
* 2022 French protests * 2012 Sicilian protests * 2013 Italian social protests, 2013 Italian Pitchfork social protests * Bonnets Rouges (2013) * Anti-austerity movement in Spain, Indignados (2011) * List of historical acts of tax resistance * Nuit debout (2016) * Protests against Emmanuel Macron * Women in the yellow vests movementReferences
{{reflist, refs= {{cite news , title=Aux sources de la colère contre l'impôt , trans-title=The sources of the anger against the tax , first1=Alexis , last1=Spire , newspaper=Le Monde Diplomatique , url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2018/12/SPIRE/59371 , date=December 2018 , access-date=1 December 2018 , language=fr , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201182641/https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2018/12/SPIRE/59371 , archive-date=1 December 2018 , url-status=live {{cite news, work=Courier Mail, url=https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/queensland-government/yellow-vest-movement-has-launched-in-australia/news-story/6da06a97dd7c7b2cc585464f35f7c632, title=Yellow Vest movement has launched in Australia, date=2 January 2019{{subscription required {{cite web, url=https://www.lci.fr/international/gilets-jaunes-la-belgique-et-la-bulgarie-ont-elles-aussi-leurs-gilets-jaunes-2105106.html, title=Gilets jaunes : la Belgique et la Bulgarie ont elles aussi leurs Gilets jaunes, newspaper=La Chaîne Info, LCI, access-date=2 December 2018, language=fr, date=20 November 2018, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128101320/https://www.lci.fr/international/gilets-jaunes-la-belgique-et-la-bulgarie-ont-elles-aussi-leurs-gilets-jaunes-2105106.html, archive-date=28 November 2018, url-status=live {{Cite news, author=Rémi Carlier, work=France 24, title=Liban, Tunisie, Burkina Faso… les Gilets jaunes font des émules à travers le monde, url=https://www.france24.com/fr/20181226-gilets-jaunes-liban-tunisie-israel-burkina-faso-france-inspiration-monde, date=26 December 2018, access-date=28 December 2018, language=fr, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227130423/https://www.france24.com/fr/20181226-gilets-jaunes-liban-tunisie-israel-burkina-faso-france-inspiration-monde, archive-date=27 December 2018, url-status=live {{cite news, url=http://www.rfi.fr/europe/20181128-allemagne-connecte-phenomene-gilets-jaunes, title=L'Allemagne se connecte au phénomène des "gilets jaunes", date=28 November 2018, work=Radio France Internationale, RFI, access-date=2 December 2018, language=fr, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129054802/http://www.rfi.fr/europe/20181128-allemagne-connecte-phenomene-gilets-jaunes, archive-date=29 November 2018, url-status=live {{cite news, author1=Linda Givetash, title=France's 'Yellow Jackets' inspire protesters in Iraq, date=5 December 2018, url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/france-s-yellow-jackets-inspire-protesters-iraq-n943996, work=NBC News, access-date=5 December 2018, language=en, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206102307/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/france-s-yellow-jackets-inspire-protesters-iraq-n943996, archive-date=6 December 2018, url-status=live {{cite news, newspaper=Irish Times, date=15 December 2018, access-date=16 December 2018, url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/dozens-gather-in-dublin-for-yellow-vests-protest-1.3732924, title=Dozens gather in Dublin for 'yellow vests' protest, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215232448/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/dozens-gather-in-dublin-for-yellow-vests-protest-1.3732924, archive-date=15 December 2018, url-status=live {{cite news, author1=Hagay Hacohen, title=Yellow Vest protest reach Israel, rage against high living cost mounts, date=13 December 2018, url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Yellow-Vest-protest-reach-Israel-rage-against-high-living-cost-mounts-574274, newspaper=The Jerusalem Post, access-date=13 December 2018, language=en, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214103612/https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Yellow-Vest-protest-reach-Israel-rage-against-high-living-cost-mounts-574274, archive-date=14 December 2018, url-status=live {{cite news, author=Taylor Luck, title=Jordanian protesters don yellow vests as demonstrations spread, url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/jordanian-protesters-don-yellow-vests-as-demonstrations-spread-1.802525, date=13 December 2018, newspaper=The National (Abu Dhabi), The National, access-date=15 December 2018, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215022113/https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/jordanian-protesters-don-yellow-vests-as-demonstrations-spread-1.802525, archive-date=15 December 2018, url-status=live {{Cite news, author=Sarah El Deeb, url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/lebanese-yellow-vests-protest-political-gridlock-59983821, title=Lebanese, some in yellow vests, protest political gridlock, newspaper=ABC News, language=en, date=23 December 2018, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225175342/http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/lebanese-yellow-vests-protest-political-gridlock-59983821, archive-date=25 December 2018, access-date=8 January 2019 {{cite news, newspaper=NLtimes.nl, title=Limited turnout for 'yellow vests' protests in Netherlands; only three arrests, author=Janene Pieters, date=10 December 2018, access-date=22 December 2018, url=https://nltimes.nl/2018/12/10/limited-turnout-yellow-vests-protests-netherlands-three-arrests {{cite news, title=Sprečeno prinudno iseljenje u Mirijevu, među aktivistima "žuti prsluci", author=Neda Kurjački, newspaper=N1info, quote=translated title: A forced eviction in Mirievo stopped by the "yellow vest" activists, date=6 December 2018, url=http://rs.n1info.com/Vesti/a441746/Zuti-prsluci-na-sprecavanju-iseljenje-u-Mirijevu.html, language=sr, access-date=11 December 2018, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215171337/http://rs.n1info.com/Vesti/a441746/Zuti-prsluci-na-sprecavanju-iseljenje-u-Mirijevu.html, archive-date=15 December 2018, url-status=live, df=dmy-all {{cite news, work=Daily Sabah, title=French 'yellow vests' spark copycat protests worldwide , url=https://www.dailysabah.com/europe/2018/12/17/french-yellow-vests-spark-copycat-protests-worldwide , date=17 December 2018 , access-date=15 January 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115234349/https://www.dailysabah.com/europe/2018/12/17/french-yellow-vests-spark-copycat-protests-worldwide, archive-date=15 January 2019, url-status=live {{cite news , last1=Cheung , first1=Eric , title='Yellow vest' protest movement spreads to Taiwan , url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/21/asia/taiwan-yellow-vest-protest-intl/ , website=CNN , access-date=22 December 2018 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221133502/https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/21/asia/taiwan-yellow-vest-protest-intl/ , archive-date=21 December 2018 , url-status=live {{cite news, work=Al-Arabiya, title='Yellow vests' reach Turkey as thousands protest cost of living , date=17 December 2018 , url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2018/12/17/-Yellow-vests-reach-Turkey-as-thousands-protest-cost-of-living.html , access-date=10 January 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110133746/https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2018/12/17/-Yellow-vests-reach-Turkey-as-thousands-protest-cost-of-living.html, archive-date=10 January 2019, url-status=live {{cite web, publisher=BBC, title=Are the Yellow Vests Spreading beyond France?, date=14 December 2018, access-date=15 December 2018, url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-46559203/yellow-vests-is-the-symbol-spreading-across-europe, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214134807/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-46559203/yellow-vests-is-the-symbol-spreading-across-europe, archive-date=14 December 2018, url-status=live {{cite news, author1=Jean-Gabriel Bontinck, author2=les éditions départementales, url=http://www.leparisien.fr/info-paris-ile-de-france-oise/transports/les-radars-cibles-privilegiees-des-gilets-jaunes-03-12-2018-7960116.php, title=Les radars, cibles privilégiées des Gilets jaunes, trans-title=Radars, privileged targets of yellow vests, newspaper=Le Parisien, date=3 December 2018, access-date=5 December 2018, language=fr, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204142027/http://www.leparisien.fr/info-paris-ile-de-france-oise/transports/les-radars-cibles-privilegiees-des-gilets-jaunes-03-12-2018-7960116.php, archive-date=4 December 2018, url-status=live {{cite news, title=Les 'gilets jaunes' ciblent la suppression de l'ISF, 'péché originel' de Macron, trans-title=The 'yellow vests' target the removal of the ISF, 'original sin' of Macron, first1=Alexandre, last1=Lemarié, url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/12/04/les-gilets-jaunes-ciblent-la-suppression-de-l-isf-peche-originel-de-macron_5392241_3224.html, newspaper=External links
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