''Xerocomus'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of poroid
fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from ...
related to ''
Boletus
''Boletus'' is a genus of mushroom-producing fungi, comprising over 100 species. The genus ''Boletus'' was originally broadly defined and described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, essentially containing all fungi with hymenial pores instead of gil ...
''. Many mycologists did not originally recognize the distinction between the two genera and placed ''Xerocomus'' taxa in genus ''Boletus''. However, several molecular
phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...
studies have demonstrated that ''Xerocomus'' is a heterogeneous genus of
polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of converg ...
origin,
which has resulted in further division of ''Xerocomus'' into ''
Xerocomellus'' and ''
Hemileccinum''.
The members of the genus ''Xerocomellus'' are more closely related to ''Boletus'' than true ''Xerocomus'' is, which is relatively distantly related to ''Boletus'' and more closely related to ''
Phylloporus
''Phylloporus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae (suborder Boletineae). The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, and contains about 50 species, mostly in tropical
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. T ...
''. Other former ''Xerocomus'' species have since been moved to ''
Aureoboletus
''Aureoboletus'' is a genus of bolete fungi in the family Boletaceae. It was circumscribed by Czech mycologist Zdeněk Pouzar in 1957. A taxonomic monograph was published in 2010 by Wolfgang Klofac.
Species
Species from Index Fungorum
''Index ...
'', ''
Imleria'', ''
Hortiboletus'' and ''
Rheubarbariboletus''.
Ladurner and Simonini published a
monograph
A monograph is a specialist work of writing (in contrast to reference works) or exhibition on a single subject or an aspect of a subject, often by a single author or artist, and usually on a scholarly subject.
In library cataloging, ''monograph ...
on ''Xerocomus'' in 2003,
but this predated the taxonomical revisions based on phylogenetic inferences. In 2008, Hills included 18 species found in Britain, not including some species sometimes treated as ''Xerocomus'', and including ''
Boletus pulverulentus
''Cyanoboletus pulverulentus'', commonly known as the ink stain bolete, is an edible mushroom, edible bolete mushroom. It is found in deciduous forest, deciduous and mixed forests, particularly on moist soil on slopes and under beech and oak trees ...
'' and ''
Boletus impolitus
''Hemileccinum impolitum'' is a basidiomycete fungus of the family Boletaceae, native to Europe. It is commonly referred to as the iodine bolete, because its fruit bodies tend to emit an iodine odour when cut, more detectable in the stem base o ...
''.,
currently placed in genera ''
Cyanoboletus'' and ''
Hemileccinum'', respectively. More recent phylogenies have confirmed ''Xerocomus'' as monophyletic in its new restricted arrangement.
Most members of ''Xerocomus'' are
edible
An edible item is any item that is safe for humans to eat. "Edible" is differentiated from "eatable" because it does not indicate how an item tastes, only whether it is fit to be eaten. Nonpoisonous items found in nature – such as some mushroo ...
, though of mediocre gastronomical value and inferior to the sought-after
porcini
''Boletus edulis'' (English: cep, penny bun, porcino or porcini) is a basidiomycete fungus, and the type species of the genus ''Boletus''. Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere across Europe, Asia, and North America, it does not occ ...
.
Species
*''
X. albobrunneus'' Heinem. & Gooss.-Font. 1951
*''
X. albotessellatus'' Heinem. 1964
*''
X. alliaceus'' (Beeli) Heinem. 1951
*''
X. amazonicus'' Singer 1978
*''
X. anthracinus'' M.Zang, M.R.Hu & W.P.Liu 1991
*''
X. astereicola'' Imazeki 1952
*''
X. astraeicolopsis'' J.Z.Ying & M.Q.Wang 1981
*''
X. belizensis'' — Belize
*''
X. chrysonemus''
*''
X. cyaneibrunnescens'' — Guyana
*''
X. ferrugineus''
*''
X. griseo-olivaceus'' — New Zealand
*''
X. guidonis''
*''
X. illudens'' — North America, India and Bangladesh
*''
X. lentistipitatus'' — New Zealand
*''
X. mcrobbii'' — New Zealand
*''
X. nothofagi'' — New Zealand
*''
X. olivaceus'' — Belize
*''
X. parvogracilis'' — Guyana
*''
X. porophyllus'' — China
*''
X. potaroensis'' — Guyana
*''
X. rufostipitatus'' — New Zealand
*''
X. silwoodensis'' (edibility not known, found in
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
,
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
, and
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
. Named seventh top species of 2008,
International Institute for Species Exploration
The International Institute for Species Exploration (IISE) is a research institute located in Syracuse, New York. Its mission is to improve taxonomical exploration and the cataloging of new species of flora and fauna. Since 2008, IISE has publ ...
)
*''
X. squamulosus'' — New Zealand
*''
X. subtomentosus'' (edible and very common, found in Eurasia, North America and Australia )
*''
Xerocomus tenax''
Description
References
*
External links
The genus ''Xerocomus''*
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q578471
Boletaceae
Boletales genera