''Xenophrys'' is a genus of amphibians in the family

Megophryidae Megophryidae, commonly known as goose frogs, is a large family of frogs native to the warm southeast of Asia, from the Himalayan foothills eastwards, south to Indonesia and the Greater Sunda Islands in Maritime Southeast Asia, and extending to th ...

. They are found in southeastern

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...

(including China and northeastern India) to

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and ea ...

. Their common name is strange-horned toads. Short-legged Toad Tadpole (Xenophrys brachykolos) 短腳角蟾

Conservation

Of the 36 ''Xenophrys'' species that the

International Union for Conservation of Nature The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of nat ...

has evaluated, most are either " Data Deficient" or of "

Least Concern A least-concern species is a species that has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as evaluated as not being a focus of species conservation because the specific species is still plentiful in the wild. T ...

". However, one species is considered " Critically Endangered" ('' Xenophrys damrei'') "

Endangered An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and in ...

" ('' Xenophrys takensis''), one is " Vulnerable" ('' Xenophrys auralensis''), and six are "

Near Threatened A near-threatened species is a species which has been categorized as "Near Threatened" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as that may be vulnerable to endangerment in the near future, but it does not currently qualify f ...

Taxonomy

The genus was previously found to be strongly

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of conver ...

, and awaiting a better solution, they were synonymized in the genus ''

Megophrys ''Megophrys'' is a genus of frogs in the family Megophryidae. They are endemic to Indonesia, where they are found on the islands of Java and Sumatra. They commonly have elongated upper "eyebrows" and are thus known as Indonesian horned toads. T ...

''. Following subsequent studies and reclassification, the genus has been revalidated.

Species

Presently, '' Amphibian Species of the World'' classifies the following 31 species in ''Xenophrys'': * '' Xenophrys aceras'' (Boulenger, 1903) — Perak horned toad * '' Xenophrys ancrae'' (Mahony, Teeling & Biju, 2013) — Namdapha horned toadfrog * '' Xenophrys auralensis'' (Ohler, Swan, and Daltry, 2002) — Aural horned toad * '' Xenophrys awuh'' (Mahony, Kamei, Teeling, and Biju, 2020) — Naga Hills horned frog * '' Xenophrys damrei'' (Mahony, 2011) — Damrei horned toad * '' Xenophrys dzukou'' (Mahony, Kamei, Teeling, and Biju, 2020) — Dzükou Valley horned frog * '' Xenophrys flavipunctata'' (Mahony, Kamei, Teeling, and Biju, 2018) — yellow spotted white-lipped horned frog * '' Xenophrys glandulosa'' (Fei, Ye, and Huang, 1990) — glandular horned toad * '' Xenophrys himalayana'' (Mahony, Kamei, Teeling, and Biju, 2018) — Himalayan horned frog * '' Xenophrys lekaguli'' (Stuart, Chuaynkern, Chan-ard, and Inger, 2006) — Lekagul's horned toad * '' Xenophrys longipes'' (Boulenger, 1886) — red-legged horned toad * ''

Xenophrys major ''Xenophrys major'' is a species of toad Toad is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands. A distinction b ...

'' (Boulenger, 1908) — Great Stream horned toad * '' Xenophrys mangshanensis'' (Fei and Ye, 1990) — Mangshan horned toad * '' Xenophrys maosonensis'' (Bourret, 1937) — Maoson horned toad * '' Xenophrys medogensis'' (Fei, Ye, and Huang, 1983) — Medog horned toad * '' Xenophrys megacephala'' (Mahony, Sengupta, Kamei, and Biju, 2011) — big-headed horned frog * '' Xenophrys monticola'' Günther, 1864 — mountain horned frog * '' Xenophrys numhbumaeng'' (Mahony, Kamei, Teeling, and Biju, 2020) — Tamenglong horned frog * '' Xenophrys oreocrypta'' (Mahony, Kamei, Teeling, and Biju, 2018) — Garo white-lipped horned frog * '' Xenophrys oropedion'' (Mahony, Teeling & Biju, 2013) — Shyllong horned toad * '' Xenophrys pachyproctus'' (Huang, 1981) — convex-vented horned toad * '' Xenophrys periosa'' (Mahony, Kamei, Teeling, and Biju, 2018) — giant Himalayan horned frog * '' Xenophrys robusta'' (Boulenger, 1908) — robust horned toad * '' Xenophrys serchhipii'' Mathew and Sen, 2007 — Serchhip horned toad * '' Xenophrys takensis'' (Mahony, 2011) — Tak horned toad * '' Xenophrys truongsonensis'' Luong, Hoang, Pham, Nguyen, Orlov, Ziegler, and Nguyen, 2022 — Truongson horned toad * '' Xenophrys vegrandis'' (Mahony, Teeling, Biju, 2013) * '' Xenophrys yeae'' (Shi, Zhang, Xie, Jiang, Liu, Ding, Luan, and Wang, 2020) — Ye's horned toad * '' Xenophrys zhangi'' (Ye and Fei, 1992) — Zhang's horned toad * '' Xenophrys zhoui'' (Shi, Zhang, Xie, Jiang, Liu, Ding, Luan, and Wang, 2020) — Zhou's horned toad * '' Xenophrys zunhebotoensis'' Mathew and Sen, 2007 — Zunheboto horned toad

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q921059 Amphibians of Asia Taxa named by Albert Günther Taxonomy articles created by Polbot