''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family

Polygalaceae The Polygalaceae or the milkwort family are made up of flowering plants in the order Fabales. They have a near-cosmopolitan range, with about 27 genera and ''ca''. 900 known species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Over half of the species are in one ...

; (under the

Cronquist system The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including ''The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) a ...

it was previously placed in the monotypic family

Xanthophyllaceae ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

). The generic name is from the

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

meaning "yellow leaf", referring to how the leaves are often yellow when dry. In

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and eas ...

it is known as in

Malay Malay may refer to: Languages * Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore ** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century ** Indonesi ...

or in the

Iban language The Iban language () is spoken by the Iban, a branch of the Dayak ethnic group, who live in Brunei, the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan and in the Malaysian state of Sarawak. It belongs to the Malayic languages, a Malayo-Polynesian branc ...

Description

''Xanthophyllum'' species grow as trees or shrubs. Their twigs are often smooth and are coloured green or yellow. Leaves, when not drying yellow, dry green or dark brown. Flowers feature five petals. The mostly roundish fruits are not winged and measure up to in diameter. Fruits of some species are considered edible, e.g. '' X. ecarinatum'', '' X. obscurum'' and '' X. stipitatum''.

Distribution and habitat

''Xanthophyllum'' grows naturally from India in tropical

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

to northern

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

. The majority of species grow in lowland rainforest. Some species grow at higher altitudes in hill or montane forests. Others occur in peatswamp or ''

kerangas The Sundaland heath forest, also known as ''Kerangas'' forest, is a type of tropical moist forest found on the island of Borneo, which is divided between Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia, as well as on the Indonesian islands of Belitung and Bangk ...

'' forests.

Species

, the following is a list of accepted species: *'' Xanthophyllum adenotus'' *''

Xanthophyllum albicaule ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum amoenum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum ancolanum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum andamanicum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum angustigemma ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum annamense ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum beccarianum'' *''

Xanthophyllum bibracteatum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum bicolor'' *''

Xanthophyllum bombayanum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum borneense'' *'' Xanthophyllum brachystachyum'' *''

Xanthophyllum bracteatum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum brevipes'' *''

Xanthophyllum brigittae ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum bullatum'' *''

Xanthophyllum burkillii ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek language ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum celebicum'' *''

Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium ''Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' means "waxy leaf", referring to the appearance of the leaves. Description ''Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium'' grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum chartaceum'' *'' Xanthophyllum clovis'' *'' Xanthophyllum cochinchinense'' *''

Xanthophyllum cockburnii ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum colubrinum'' *'' Xanthophyllum contractum'' *''

Xanthophyllum crassum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum cucullatum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum discolor'' *'' Xanthophyllum eberhardtii'' *'' Xanthophyllum ecarinatum'' *'' Xanthophyllum eglandulosum'' *'' Xanthophyllum ellipticum'' *'' Xanthophyllum erythrostachyum'' *'' Xanthophyllum eurhynchum'' *'' Xanthophyllum excelsum'' *'' Xanthophyllum ferrugineum'' *'' Xanthophyllum flavescens'' *'' Xanthophyllum fragrans'' *''

Xanthophyllum geesinkii ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum geminatum'' *'' Xanthophyllum griffithii'' *'' Xanthophyllum hainanense'' *''

Xanthophyllum havilandii ''Xanthophyllum havilandii'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. It is named for the naturalist George Darby Haviland. Description ''Xanthophyllum havilandii'' grows as a shrub or small tree up to tall with a stem diameter of up to . The ba ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum heterophyllum'' *'' Xanthophyllum impressum'' *''

Xanthophyllum incertum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum inflatum'' *'' Xanthophyllum ionanthum'' *'' Xanthophyllum korthalsianum'' *'' Xanthophyllum laeve'' *'' Xanthophyllum lanceatum'' *'' Xanthophyllum lateriflorum'' *'' Xanthophyllum lineare'' *'' Xanthophyllum longum'' *'' Xanthophyllum macrophyllum'' *'' Xanthophyllum malayanum'' *'' Xanthophyllum manickamii'' *''

Xanthophyllum montanum ''Xanthophyllum montanum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "mountainous", referring to the tree's habitat. Description ''Xanthophyllum montanum'' grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum monticola'' *'' Xanthophyllum neglectum'' *'' Xanthophyllum ngii'' *'' Xanthophyllum nigricans'' *''

Xanthophyllum nitidum ''Xanthophyllum nitidum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "shiny", referring to the leaf surfaces. Description ''Xanthophyllum nitidum'' grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . Th ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum novoguinense'' *''

Xanthophyllum obscurum ''Xanthophyllum obscurum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "dark", referring to the dark colour of the dried flowers and fruits. Description ''Xanthophyllum obscurum'' grows up to tall wit ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum octandrum'' *'' Xanthophyllum oliganthum'' *'' Xanthophyllum ovatifolium'' *'' Xanthophyllum pachycarpon'' *''

Xanthophyllum palawanense ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum papuanum'' *'' Xanthophyllum parvifolium'' *'' Xanthophyllum pauciflorum'' *'' Xanthophyllum pedicellatum'' *''

Xanthophyllum penibukanense ''Xanthophyllum penibukanense'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. It is named for the village of Penibukan in Malaysia, Malaysia's Sabah state. Description ''Xanthophyllum penibukanense'' grows as a shrub or tree up to tall with a trunk di ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum petiolatum'' *'' Xanthophyllum philippinense'' *'' Xanthophyllum poilanei'' *'' Xanthophyllum pseudoadenotus'' *'' Xanthophyllum pubescens'' *'' Xanthophyllum pulchrum'' *'' Xanthophyllum punctatum'' *'' Xanthophyllum purpureum'' *''

Xanthophyllum ramiflorum ''Xanthophyllum ramiflorum'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "flowering on the branches". Description ''Xanthophyllum ramiflorum'' grows as a shrub or tree up to tall with a trunk diameter ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum rectum'' *'' Xanthophyllum reflexum'' *'' Xanthophyllum resupinatum'' *'' Xanthophyllum reticulatum'' *'' Xanthophyllum retinerve'' *'' Xanthophyllum rheophilum'' *'' Xanthophyllum rufum'' *'' Xanthophyllum schizocarpon'' *''

Xanthophyllum stipitatum ''Xanthophyllum stipitatum'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "stalked", referring to the ovary of the flower. Description ''Xanthophyllum stipitatum'' grows as a shrub (rarely) or tree up t ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum subcoriaceum'' *'' Xanthophyllum suberosum'' *'' Xanthophyllum sulphureum'' *'' Xanthophyllum sylvestre'' *'' Xanthophyllum tardicrescens'' *'' Xanthophyllum tenue'' *'' Xanthophyllum tenuipetalum'' *'' Xanthophyllum trichocladum'' *'' Xanthophyllum velutinum'' *'' Xanthophyllum venosum'' *'' Xanthophyllum virens'' *'' Xanthophyllum vitellinum'' *''

Xanthophyllum wrayi ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum yunnanense'' *'' Xanthophyllum zeylanicum''

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q784712 Fabales genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot