''Dufourea'' is a genus of mostly foliose lichen species in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family Teloschistaceae. Species in the genus are mostly found in the Southern Hemisphere.

Taxonomy

The genus was originally

circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every po ...

by Swedish lichenologist Erik Acharius in Johann Albert Luyken's 1809 publication ''Tentamen historiae lichenum'', although he did not assign any species to the genus. The following year, Acharius included ''Dufourea'' in his influential work ''Lichenographia Universalis'' and included six species. Luyken had studied under Acharius in Sweden and had access to Acharius's work before it was published; because his text about the genus is a partial transcription of Acharius's work (and he acknowledged Acharius), Acharius is credited as the author of the name as well as the description. All six species that Acharius included in ''Dufourea'' are now classified in different genera. A type species for the genus, ''

Dufourea flammea ''Dufourea'' is a genus of sweat bees in the family Halictidae. There are at least 160 described species in ''Dufourea''.Sharkey M.J. (2007). ''Phylogeny and Classification of Hymenoptera''."Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hym ...

'', was selected by Giuseppe De Notaris in 1846. The genus was resurrected for use in 2013 following a large-scale

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

analysis of the family Teloschistaceae. ''Dufourea'' species are grouped in a

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

with a sister taxon relationship to genus '' Xanthoria''. The generic name ''Dufourea'' honours French medical doctor and naturalist Léon Jean Marie (or Jean-Marie Léon) Dufour (1780–1865).

Description

''Dufourea'' lichens occur in the Southern Hemisphere, with several species from South Africa and Australia. Most species are foliose (bushy) and relatively large, and lack true rhizines, although some species have short rhizine-like structures.

Species

, Species Fungorum accepts 18 species of ''Dufourea''. *'' Dufourea africana'' *'' Dufourea alexanderbaai'' *''

Dufourea angustata ''Dufourea angustata'' is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed across Australia. Taxonomy The lichen was formally described in 2009 by the lichenologists Sergey Kond ...

'' *''

Dufourea australis ''Dufourea'' is a genus of sweat bees in the family Halictidae. There are at least 160 described species in ''Dufourea''.Sharkey M.J. (2007). ''Phylogeny and Classification of Hymenoptera''."Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hym ...

'' *''

Dufourea bonae-spei ''Dufourea'' is a genus of sweat bees in the family Halictidae. There are at least 160 described species in ''Dufourea''.Sharkey M.J. (2007). ''Phylogeny and Classification of Hymenoptera''."Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hym ...

'' *''

Dufourea capensis ''Dufourea'' is a genus of sweat bees in the family Halictidae. There are at least 160 described species in ''Dufourea''.Sharkey M.J. (2007). ''Phylogeny and Classification of Hymenoptera''."Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hym ...

'' *''

Dufourea dissectula ''Dufourea'' is a genus of sweat bees in the family Halictidae. There are at least 160 described species in ''Dufourea''.Sharkey M.J. (2007). ''Phylogeny and Classification of Hymenoptera''."Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hym ...

'' *''

Dufourea doidgeae ''Dufourea'' is a genus of sweat bees in the family Halictidae. There are at least 160 described species in ''Dufourea''.Sharkey M.J. (2007). ''Phylogeny and Classification of Hymenoptera''."Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hym ...

'' *''

Dufourea elixii ''Dufourea'' is a genus of sweat bees in the family Halictidae. There are at least 160 described species in ''Dufourea''.Sharkey M.J. (2007). ''Phylogeny and Classification of Hymenoptera''."Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hym ...

'' *''

Dufourea filsonii ''Dufourea'' is a genus of sweat bees in the family Halictidae. There are at least 160 described species in ''Dufourea''.Sharkey M.J. (2007). ''Phylogeny and Classification of Hymenoptera''."Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hym ...

'' *''

Dufourea incavata ''Dufourea'' is a genus of sweat bees in the family Halictidae. There are at least 160 described species in ''Dufourea''.Sharkey M.J. (2007). ''Phylogeny and Classification of Hymenoptera''."Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hym ...

'' *''

Dufourea inflata ''Dufourea'' is a genus of sweat bees in the family Halictidae. There are at least 160 described species in ''Dufourea''.Sharkey M.J. (2007). ''Phylogeny and Classification of Hymenoptera''."Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hym ...

'' *'' Dufourea karrooensis'' *'' Dufourea ligulata'' *'' Dufourea marlothii'' *'' Dufourea ottolangei'' *'' Dufourea physcioides'' *'' Dufourea sipmanii'' *''

Dufourea streimannii ''Dufourea'' is a genus of sweat bees in the family Halictidae. There are at least 160 described species in ''Dufourea''.Sharkey M.J. (2007). ''Phylogeny and Classification of Hymenoptera''."Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hym ...

'' *'' Dufourea turbinata'' *''

Dufourea volkmarwirthii ''Dufourea'' is a genus of sweat bees in the family Halictidae. There are at least 160 described species in ''Dufourea''.Sharkey M.J. (2007). ''Phylogeny and Classification of Hymenoptera''."Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hym ...

'' Former species; * ''D. arctica'' = ''

Dactylina arctica ''Dactylina arctica'' is a species of fungus within the family Parmeliaceae. Common names for this lichen are finger lichen and Arctic finger lichen. A specific area in which this lichen occurs is represented by the boreal forests of Canada.C ...

'', Parmeliaceae family * ''D. ceratites'' = ''

Siphula ceratites ''Siphula'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the Icmadophilaceae family. The widespread genus contains about 33 species. ''Siphula'' was circumscribed by Swedish mycologist Elias Fries in 1831. Species *'' Siphula abbatiana'' *'' Siphula abs ...

'',

Icmadophilaceae The Icmadophilaceae are a family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being ...

* ''D. collodes'' = ''

Cladia aggregata ''Cladia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. ''Cladia'' species have a crustose primary thallus and a fruticose, secondary thallus, often referred to as pseudopodetium. The type species of the genus, '' Cladia aggregata'' ...

'', Cladoniaceae * ''D. flabellata'' = ''

Bunodophoron flabellatum ''Bunodophoron'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Sphaerophoraceae. Species , Species Fungorum accepts 18 species of ''Bunodophoron'': *'' Bunodophoron australe'' *'' Bunodophoron coomerense'' *'' Bunodophoron crespoae'' *''B ...

'', Sphaerophoraceae * ''D. hirsuta'' = '' Langeottia hirsuta'', Teloschistaceae * ''D. inanis'' = '' Cenozosia inanis'', Ramalinaceae * ''D. madreporiformis'' = '' Allocetraria madreporiformis'', Parmeliaceae * ''D. mollusca'' = ''

Combea mollusca ''Combea'' is a genus of lichens in the family Opegraphaceae. It has two species. The genus was circumscribed by Italian botanist Giuseppe De Notaris in 1846. The genus name of ''Combea'' is in honour of Francesco Comba (fl. 1845), an Italian la ...

'',

Opegraphaceae ''Opegraphaceae'' is a family of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi in the order Arthoniales. It was originally proposed by German lichenologist Ernst Stizenberger in 1862. It fell into disuse, but was resurrected in a molecular phylogenetic ...

* ''D. ryssolea'' = '' Xanthoparmelia ryssolea'', Parmeliaceae * ''D. tortuosa'' = ''

Peltula tortuosa ''Peltula'' is a genus of small dark brown to olive or dark gray squamulose lichens that can be saxicolous (grow on rock)) or terricolous (grow on soil). Members of the genus are commonly called rock-olive lichens.Field Guide to California Lich ...

'',

Peltulaceae The Peltulaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi. Most species are lichen A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q27438927 Teloschistales Lichen genera Teloschistales genera Taxa described in 1809 Taxa named by Erik Acharius