Winston Burdett

Winston Burdett (December 12, 1913 – May 19, 1993) was an American broadcast journalist and correspondent for the CBS Radio Network during World War II and later for CBS television news. During the war he became a member of Edward R. Murrow's team of war correspondents known as the Murrow Boys. From 1937 to 1942 Burdett was involved with the Communist Party. He testified before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee in 1955, detailing his espionage work for the Soviet Union in Europe and naming dozens of other party members.

Early life

Winston Burdett was born December 12, 1913 in Buffalo, New York where his father was a civil engineer.''Current Biography Yearbook'',
Google Books link
, H. W. Wilson Co., 1944, p. 88. Burdett attended Harvard University graduating ''summa cum laude'' in three years, leaving at age 19 in 1933. Burdett continued his education with graduate work in Romance languages at Columbia University.Bliss, Edward. ''Now the News: The Story of Broadcast Journalism'',
Google Books link
, Columbia University Press, 1991, p. 111, ().

Career and spy work

Early career and spying

Burdett stayed at his first job, at the ''Brooklyn Daily Eagle'', for five years. During his time at the ''Eagle'' Burdett worked as a film, theater and book critic. Burdett first joined the Communist Party in 1937 while working at the ''Eagle'', through a group there that was affiliated with the American Newspaper Guild (ANG). Haynes, John Earl and Klehr, Harvey. . ''Verona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America'',
Google Books link
, Yale University Press, 1999, p. 76, ().Ghiglione, Loren. ''CBS's Don Hollenbeck: A Honest Report in the Age of McCarthyism'',
Google Books link
, Columbia University Press, 2008, pp. 190-191 (). He was approached about spying by Nathan Einhorn. Einhorn, a reporter and executive secretary of the New York ANG local, wanted Burdett to meet with Joseph North, the editor of '' New Masses'', the Communist Party USAs journal. Haynes, John Earl.
The American Communist Party as an Auxiliary to Espionage: From Asset to iability
, 2005 Raleigh International Spy Conference, p. 14-15, accessed February 13, 2011. At the meeting North suggested a spy mission and introduced him to an unnamed man. At another meeting in New York's Union Square Burdett learned that his mission was in Finland. Finland had fought a 1939 Soviet invasion to a stalemate. His contact at Union Square was later identified by Burdett in a photo as the liaison between CPUSA and the KGB, Jacob Golos.

Burdett left the United States in February 1940, funded by CPUSA and using his press credentials to travel as a roving correspondent.Cogley, John and Miller, Merle. ''Blacklisting: Two Key Documents'',
Google Books link
, pp. 126 - 127, Ayer Publishing, 1971, (). Burdett first traveled to Stockholm and met another contact, "Mr. Miller". Burdett was disillusioned by the party when he met the liaison for his work as a spy in Finland - a tough, crude and offensive KGB man. Miller handed him $200 and detailed the mission. Burdett was to report back on the morale of the Finnish population and troops. Three weeks later, Burdett was visiting Finnish troops in the field when Finland signed the Moscow peace treaty. He returned to Stockholm where he told Miller that the Finnish were mostly ready to continue fighting. Miller paid Burdett another $400, thanked him and left.

Burdett detailed his involvement with the Communist Party and his work as a spy at a Senate Internal Security Subcommittee hearing in 1955.Pace, Eric.
Winston Burdett Is Dead at 79; Covered World and War for CBS
, ''The New York Times'', May 21, 1993, accessed February 12, 2011. Burdett spied intermittently for another two years. He visited the Soviet consulate in Bucharest twice and made a contact in Belgrade, neither resulted in a mission. Burdett worked in Ankara under a Soviet embassy official. Burdett left the party and his spying behind in March 1942.

Work at CBS

Burdett was one of Edward R. Murrow's original " Murrow's Boys."The Murrow's Boys
, The Life and Work of Edward R. Murrow, an archive exhibit, Digital Collections and Archives, The Murrow Center, ''Tufts University'', 2008, accessed February 12, 2011. Mitgang, Herbert.
Book of the Times; Radio Days of Glory and Defeat
, ''The New York Times'', June 21, 1996, accessed February 12, 2011. He was hired by CBS in 1940 while still a member of the Communist Party, information he did not divulge to CBS until a loyalty questionnaire in 1951.Investigations: The Eagle's Brood
, ''Time Magazine'', (web
p. 2
, July 11, 1955, accessed February 12, 2011. As a Murrow cohort he helped pioneer the field of broadcast journalism through radio reports that he and the other "Boys" filed.

For CBS Burdett covered the invasion of Norway,Alwood, Edward. ''Dark Days in the Newsroom:McCarthyism Aimed at the Press'',
Google Books link
, Temple University Press, 2007, pp. 85, 86-94, 126, (). the Axis retreat in North Africa,Musser, Rick.
World War II On The Air: Edward R. Murrow And The Broadcasts That Riveted A Nation
,
Audio file #28, Burdett reports on the Axis retreat in North Africa - December 16, 1942
History of American Journalism, ''University of Kansas'', School of Journalism & Mass Communications, May 2003, updated January 2007, accessed February 12, 2011. the invasion of Sicily,Musser, Rick.
World War II On The Air: Edward R. Murrow And The Broadcasts That Riveted A Nation
,
Audio file #29, Burdett reports on the Invasion of Sicily - July 10, 1943
History of American Journalism, ''University of Kansas'', School of Journalism & Mass Communications, May 2003, updated January 2007, accessed February 13, 2011. the fight for Italy,Musser, Rick.
World War II On The Air: Edward R. Murrow And The Broadcasts That Riveted A Nation
,
Audio file #31, Burdett reports on Race for Possession of Italy - September 10, 1943
History of American Journalism, ''University of Kansas'', School of Journalism & Mass Communications, May 2003, updated January 2007, accessed February 12, 2011. and the Allied capture of Rome.Musser, Rick.
World War II On The Air: Edward R. Murrow And The Broadcasts That Riveted A Nation
,
Audio file #33, Burdett reports on Capture of Rome - June 5, 1944
History of American Journalism, ''University of Kansas'', School of Journalism & Mass Communications, May 2003, updated January 2007, accessed February 12, 2011. During the war, the Nazis kicked Burdett out of two countries, Norway and Yugoslavia. After being expelled from Yugoslavia, Burdett began working in Ankara, Turkey. It was here that he would do his most extensive spy work, all while on the payroll at CBS. While working in Ankara, his wife was murdered.

While working out of Rome, Burdett, Joe Masraff, and a CBS cameraman from Cairo went into Yemen to cover a story. Kalb, Marvin. "Whatever Happened to the News?"
Internet Archive Wayback Machine link
, (Word .doc), Shorenstein Center on Press, Politics, and Policy, John F. Kennedy School of Government, ''Harvard University'', April 5, 1998, accessed February 17, 2011. They vanished for four weeks, no one in the New York City office knew their whereabouts other than they went into Yemen. When the trio emerged four weeks later, they emerged with what Marvin Kalb, the Director of the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard University called "the most beautifully shot, beautifully written significant, substantive story about an Arab revolution . . ." While reporting on Iraq in 1959 Burdett, along with UPI's William McHale, was expelled from the nation by Iraqi authorities.The Middle East: The Dry & the Wet
,

, ''Time Magazine'', August 6, 1959, accessed February 13, 2011.

Burdett retired from CBS in 1978 after 22 years in the Rome bureau.From Staff and Wire Reports.
Winston Burdett; Ex-CBS Journalist, Murrow Colleague
, ''Los Angeles Times'', May 22, 1993, accessed February 12, 2011. After his retirement, during the May 1981 assassination attempt on Pope John Paul II, veteran CBS News correspondent Richard C. Hottelet in New York anchored a news bulletin on CBS Radio, and spoke by telephone with Winston Burdett in Rome.Burdett by phone on 1981 news bulletin
, ''radiotapes.com'', accessed February 13, 1011.

Senate testimony

Testimony

In the early 1950s he told the story of his wife's death, which he speculated was due to his refusal to spy for the Soviet Union any longer, to New York Municipal Judge Robert Morris. Morris subsequently encouraged him to speak up about the incident to the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, where Morris had counseled a few years earlier. The June 28, 1955 testimony was damning; he provided a list of names to the committee of others who were Communists in 1930s, dozens of people were affected by Burdett's testimony.

Burdett's testimony detailed his involvement with the Communist Party and ten other members of the Communist group at the ''Brooklyn Eagle''.The Press: Skeletons in the City Room
, ''Time Magazine'', July 25, 1955, accessed February 12, 2011. He also recalled his spy work for the Soviet Union in detail. Of the first five journalists called from Burdett's testimony at a 1955 hearing before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, only one admitted affiliation with the Communist Party, Charles Grutzner of the ''New York Times''. Other journalists that Burdett named included David A. Gordon, of the ''New York Daily News'', who took the Fifth Amendment 29 times, Melvin L. Barnet, a ''New York Times'' copyreader since 1953. Barnet lost his job because of his failure to answer questions at the hearing. Another witness, Charles S. Lewis, who had moved on to become news director of WCAX radio and TV stations in Burlington, Vermont, was much more cooperative with the Senate panel. He admitted that "he had been living with this dark secret." Ira Henry Freeman, a ''New York Times'' reporter and ''New York Herald Tribune'' Military and Aviation Editor Ansel Talbert also testified.

Burdett's testimony prompted at least 35 subpoenas by the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, headed by Senator James O. Eastland, in November 1955.The Press: Eastland v. The Times
, ''Time Magazine'', January 16, 1956, accessed February 12, 2011. Of those subpoenas 26 went to present or past New York Times employees. Though many at CBS considered him a traitor after that testimony, Murrow and the network protected him and had him reassigned to Rome.Musser, Rick.
History of American Journalism, 1940s
, ''University of Kansas'', School of Journalism and Mass Communications, May 2033, updated January 2004, accessed February 12, 2011. He became an expert in Vatican affairs and lectured students visiting Rome from the rooftop of the CBS building. Burdett also worked for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) as an informant. Mintz, Morton.
Intimidation and Convictions of Journalists
, '' Niemen Reports'', Spring 2008, accessed February 13, 2011. The FBI still has 900 pages of classified documents regarding Winston Burdett.

July 1955 witnesses

This is a list of people named in Burdett's June 1955 testimony who subsequently testified in July before the subcommittee.

* Melvin L. Barnet: ''New York Times'' copyreader. Was promptly fired based on his testimony, he took the 5th Amendment and refused to confirm membership in the Communist Party.
* Ira Henry Freeman: ''New York Times'' reporter. Admitted to a one-year affiliation with the Communist Party and was allowed to keep his job.
* David A. Gordon: ''New York Daily News'' reporter. Took the 5th amendment 29 times. The ''News'' fired him within 24 hours.
* Charles S. Lewis: news director WCAX, Burlington, Vermont. Admitted to Communist ties.

November subpoenas

This is a list of other newspaper employees who were subpoenaed and testified in November 1955 due to Burdett's June testimony.

* James Glaser: a ''New York Post'' copy editor.
* Clayton Knowles: a ''New York Times'' Washington correspondent from 1947 to 1954.
*Benjamin Fine: ''New York Times'' education editor.
*Alden Whitman: ''New York Times'' copy editor.
* Seymour Peck: ''New York Times'' employee.
* Robert Shelton: ''New York Times'' copy editor.
*Jack Shafer: ''New York Times'' foreign desk copy editor.
* Nathan Aleskovsky: assistant editor of the ''Times Sunday Book Review'' section.
* Samuel Weissman: supervisor of indexers for the ''New York Times'' Index.
*Matilda Landsman: ''New York Times'' stenographer and secretary.
*Jerry Zalph: ''New York Times'' proofreader.
* Otto Albertson: ''New York Times'' proofreader.
*John T. McManus: general manager of the independent left-wing weekly ''National Guardian'', ''New York Times'' employee from 1921 to 1937.
*James Aronson: executive editor of the ''National Guardian'', ''New York Times'' employee in 1946–48.
*Richard O. Boyer: freelancer who contributed profiles to ''The New Yorker'' and wrote for the ''Daily Worker''.
* William A. Price: ''New York Daily News'' police reporter. Price lost his job as a result of his testimony.
* Dan Mahoney: a rewriter for the ''New York Daily Mirror''.

Personal life and death

Burdett's first wife was Italian anti-fascist journalist, Lea Schiavi. She was murdered in 1942 and Burdett attributed her murder to his decision to leave the Communist Party and stop spying for them. In 1945 he married Giorgina Nathan. He also had two children, Cristina and Richard. Winston Burdett died in Rome on May 19, 1993 after a long illness.

Selected publications

*'' Encounter With The Middle East'' in 1969.Burdett, Winston. ''Encounter With The Middle East: An Intimate Report on What Lies Behind the Arab-Israeli Conflict'',
Google Books link
, Atheneum, 1969.

Awards

*1959 Overseas Press Club Award: For his 1958 coverage of the death of Pope Pius XII and the subsequent election of Pope John XXIII.
*1966 Sigma Delta Chi Award: For distinguished service in journalism.

References

Further reading

*Hearing before the Senate Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary, 84th Cong., 2d Sess., pt. 17, at 1587 (1956).

Strategy and Tactics of World Communism - Recruiting for Espionage"
Hearings Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress, 1st Session, June 28 and 29, 1955.

External links

Winston Burdett Speaking with James Eastland
, (Photograph - Image of Burdett), corbisimages.com, June 29, 1955, accessed February 13, 2011.
FBI file on Winston Burdett

{{DEFAULTSORT:Burdett, Winston
1913 births
1993 deaths
Television personalities from Buffalo, New York
Members of the Communist Party USA
American spies for the Soviet Union
Brooklyn Eagle
Harvard University alumni
American radio reporters and correspondents
American male journalists
American television reporters and correspondents
American war correspondents of World War II
Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
CBS News people
Journalists from New York (state)
Radio personalities from Buffalo, New York
20th-century American journalists