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Vileyka ( officially transliterated as Viliejka, be, Віле́йка , also ''Вялейка''; russian: Вилейка; lt, Vileika; pl, Wilejka) is a city in Belarus and the administrative center of the
Vileyka District Vileyka District is the second-level administrative subdivision (raion) of Belarus in the north-west of Minsk Region. The capital of the town is Vileyka. Notable residents * Janka Filistovič (1926, Paniacičy village - 1953), active partici ...
of Minsk Region. It is located on the River
Viliya The river Neris () or Viliya ( be, Ві́лія, pl, Wilia ) rises in northern Belarus. It flows westward, passing through Vilnius (Lithuania's capital) and in the south-centre of that country it flows into the Nemunas (Neman), at Kaunas, as ...
, 100 km northwest of Minsk. The first historical record dates from 16 November 1460. Time zone: II (GMT +2 hours). Population of Vileyka district in 2009: 55 thousand people (Vileyka 28.5 thousand). International phone code: +375 1771 xxxxx. Postal index: 222410. The
Vileyka VLF transmitter The "Vileyka" VLF transmitter is the site of the 43rd Communications Center of the Russian Navy (russian: 43-й узел связи ВМФ России), located west of the town of Vileyka in Belarus (). The "Vileyka" VLF transmitter is an importa ...
operated by the Russian Navy is located near Vileyka (). It provides VLF communication between Russian Navy's headquarters and atomic submarines in the Atlantic, Indian and parts of the Pacific Ocean.


History

In the 10th–13th centuries, the territory was under the Principality of Polotsk, and in XIV-XVII under Grand Duchy of Lithuania as manor house Kurenets. The city was first mentioned in 1460 as a borough center of the Vileyka Starostwo of the Ashmyany county in Grand Duchy of Lithuania. *1635 - Władysław IV Vasa bestowed Vileyka upon
Aleksander Korwin Gosiewski Aleksander Korwin Gosiewski ( lt, Aleksandras Korvinas Gosievskis) ''de armis'' Ślepowron (b. – d. 1639), was a Polish nobleman, military commander and diplomat, Lithuanian Field-Quartermaster since 1630, Palatine-Governor of Smolensk ...
"for exclusive service to the state". *1765 - Vileyka has 30 houses, 165 inhabitants, and became a county center. *1793 - during the Second Partition of Poland the town is ceded to the Russian Empire. *1795 - under the decree of
Catherine II of Russia , en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes , house = , father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst , mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp , birth_date = , birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anhal ...
the town receives the status of a city and becomes a center of Vileyka uyezd in Minsk Governorate, then Vilna Governorate (1842–1917). *1810, May 24 - almost the entire city is destroyed by the fire. *1861 - 2931 inhabitants, 1880 – 3450, by the end of 19th century - more than 3500 inhabitants. *1906 - big sawmill started. *1907 - the city acquires a branch of Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railway and a city station. *1915, September 14 - occupied by the German Army, but several days later recovered by the Russian Army during the Sventiany Offensive. *1917, November 8 - Soviets come to power during the October Revolution *1918, December - occupied by German Army *1919 - ceded to Poland in the Peace of Riga following Polish–Soviet War, becoming the center of the Wilejka county in the Wilno Voivodeship (1923–1939) *1939 - annexed back to Soviet Union during the Soviet invasion of Poland in accordance with the conditions of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. Becomes center of the Vileyka Voblast of BSSR *Several hundred people, mostly Polish political prisoners, sick and wounded, are executed prior to the departure of the occupying Soviet guards on June 24, 1941. *1941, June 25 - occupied by troops of the
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...
Army Group Centre Army Group Centre (german: Heeresgruppe Mitte) was the name of two distinct strategic German Army Groups that fought on the Eastern Front in World War II. The first Army Group Centre was created on 22 June 1941, as one of three German Army fo ...
during the first stage of Operation Barbarossa and placed under the administration of the '' Generalbezirk Weißruthenien'' of ''
Reichskommissariat Ostland The Reichskommissariat Ostland (RKO) was established by Nazi Germany in 1941 during World War II. It became the civilian occupation regime in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the western part of Byelorussian SSR. German planning documents initia ...
''. Over 15,000 civilians massacred including 6,972 Polish Jews.Dr. Smilovitsky, Vileik
(Polish: Wilejka)
JewishGen,
Yizkor Book Project Hazkarat Neshamot (), commonly known by its opening word Yizkor (), is an Ashkenazi Jewish memorial prayer service for the dead. It is important occasion for many Jews, even those who do not attend synagogue regularly. In most Ashkenazi communitie ...
. From materials of the Extraordinary Commission.
See also:
Belarusian Home Defence The Belarusian Home Defence, or Belarusian Home Guard ( be, Беларуская краёвая абарона, , BKA; german: Weißruthenische Heimwehr) were collaborationist volunteer battalions formed by the Byelorussian Central Council (1943 ...
(BKA) pacification actions *1941, July 12 and 30 - German SS forces murder the remaining Jewish citizens in Vileyka (over 500 people). *1944, July 2 - Vileyka recaptured by troops of the
3rd Belorussian Front The 3rd Belorussian Front () was a Front of the Red Army during the Second World War. The 3rd Belorussian Front was created on 24 April 1944 from forces previously assigned to the Western Front. Over 381 days in combat, the 3rd Belorussian Fron ...
of the Red Army during the Minsk Offensive. *1944 - the center of the
Vileyka Raion Vileyka District is the second-level administrative subdivision (raion) of Belarus in the north-west of Minsk Region. The capital of the town is Vileyka. Notable residents * Janka Filistovič (1926, Paniacičy village - 1953), active partici ...
formed *1954 - furniture plant started *1959 - repair plant opened *1973 - "Zenit-BelOMO"Zenit-BelOMO
zenit-belomo.by
optical plant started *1973 - Vileyka reservoir started *1998 - Vileyka hydropower station started


Geography

The modern city is located on the right bank of the river
Viliya The river Neris () or Viliya ( be, Ві́лія, pl, Wilia ) rises in northern Belarus. It flows westward, passing through Vilnius (Lithuania's capital) and in the south-centre of that country it flows into the Nemunas (Neman), at Kaunas, as ...
, in the northwest part of the Minsk region, 100 kilometers from Minsk. The town's population numbers 30,000 people. There is a railway station of the Molodechno- Polotsk line in the city. The roads to
Maladzechna Maladzyechna ( be, Маладзе́чна, Maladziečna, ; russian: Молоде́чно, Molodechno; pl, Mołodeczno) is a city in the Minsk Region of Belarus, an administrative centre of the Maladzyechna District (and formerly of the Maladzyech ...
, Smarhoń,
Myadzel Myadzyel ( be, Мядзел, ''Miadzieł'' ; russian: Мядель, ''Mjadelj''; pl, Miadzioł; lt, Medilas) is a city in the Minsk Region of Belarus. It is the centre of Myadzyel District. Myadzyel is located on the eastern shore of lake Miastr ...
,
Dokshytsy , , image_caption = In the center of town , image_flag = Flag of Dokšycy and Dokšycy Rajon.svg , flag_alt = , image_seal = , seal_alt = , image_shield = Coat of ...
,
Pleshchanitsy Plyeshchanitsy ( be, Плешчаніцы, Plieščanicy; russian: Плещеницы, Pleshchenitsy) is an urban-type settlement in Lahoysk District, Minsk Region, Belarus. It is located about to the north of Minsk Minsk ( be, Мінск ...
run through the city. The town's industry is represented by the Zenit plant, wood processing enterprises (including a furniture factory), a motor repair plant, building materials plants, light and food enterprises. Vileyka also houses the Museum of Regional Studies. The territory of the Vileyka district is . Forests account for 41% of the territory. The main part of the district is situated within the borders of Narach-Vileyka lowland. In the year 1974, near the town of Vileyka Belarus's largest artificial reservoir was built — Vileyka Reservoir with a total area of and a volume of .


Demography


International relations


Twin towns — Sister cities

Vileyka is twinned with: * Mozhaysk, Russia *
Pereiaslav Pereiaslav ( uk, Перея́слав, translit=Pereiaslav, yi, פּרעיאַסלעוו, Periyoslov) is a historical city in the Boryspil Raion, Kyiv Oblast (Oblast, province) of central Ukraine, located near the confluence of Alta River, Alta ...
, Ukraine * Willmar, Minnesota, United States


References


External links


Official site of Vileyka Regional Executive CommitteePictures of nearby Russian Navy long-haul communications centerFoto,Forum,Articles - Vilejka.be.together!

Unofficial reference and information site of Vileyka
{{Authority control Holocaust locations in Belarus Mass murder in 1941 Massacres committed by the Soviet Union Populated places in Minsk Region Soviet World War II crimes Towns in Belarus Vileyka District Vileysky Uyezd Vilnius Voivodeship Wilno Voivodeship (1926–1939)