Muzaffer Pasha, born as Ladislas Czaykowski/Władysław Czajkowski (1837/40 - 1907, Beirut, Lebanon, Ottoman Empire), son of a Polish count and Polish émigré in the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

Michał Czajkowski Michał Czajkowski ( uk, Mykhailo Chaikovsky; 29 September 180418 January 1886), also known in Turkey as Mehmet Sadyk Pasha ( tr, Mehmet Sadık Paşa), was a Polish writer and political émigré of distant Cossack heritage who worked both for th ...

(Sadık Pasha), was in 1902–1907 Governor General ( Mutessarıf) of Mount Lebanon, a post reserved by

international treaty A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal pers ...

for a Catholic of Ottoman nationality after the civil unrest and international intervention of 1860. Czajkowski was educated in Belgium and France, graduating from the School of St Cyr in 1861. After arrival in Istanbul, he was aide-de-camp to the Grand vizier

Mehmed Fuad Pasha Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1814 – February 12, 1869), sometimes known as Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha and commonly known as Fuad Pasha, was an Ottoman administrator and statesman, who is known for his prominent role in the Tanzimat reforms of the m ...

from 1863 to 1866; then to the Sultan Abdülaziz from 1867 to 1870, during which he accompanied the monarch on his European tour. In 1870 he was appointed to the command of a section of cavalry in the military school, and held that office until the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), when he went to the front. He served on the staff, then as colonel of a regiment of cossacks. After the end of the war, the Sultan entrusted him with making a plan for reorganization of the Turkish army, which he finished in 1885, when he was raised to the rank of general in the

Ottoman Army The military of the Ottoman Empire ( tr, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun silahlı kuvvetleri) was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire. Army The military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the ...

. Before his election as mutessarif in September 1902, Czajkowski had been manager of the Sultan´s horse-breeding stud since 1888. After accepting the election, he was promoted to Field Marshal ( Müsir) in the Ottoman army, and received the rank of

Vizier A vizier (; ar, وزير, wazīr; fa, وزیر, vazīr), or wazir, is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the near east. The Abbasid caliphs gave the title ''wazir'' to a minister formerly called '' katib'' (secretary), who was ...

References

Governors of the Ottoman Empire Polish emigrants to the Ottoman Empire 19th-century births 1907 deaths {{Ottoman-bio-stub