The Wu Chinese people, also known as Wuyue people (,
Shanghainese
The Shanghainese language, also known as the Shanghai dialect, or Hu language, is a variety of Wu Chinese spoken in the Districts of Shanghai, central districts of the Shanghai, City of Shanghai and its surrounding areas. It is classified as ...
: ), Jiang-Zhe people () or San Kiang (), are a major
subgroup of the
Han Chinese
The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctive va ...
. They are a
Wu Chinese
The Wu languages (; Romanization of Wu Chinese, Wu romanization and Romanization of Wu Chinese#IPA, IPA: ''wu6 gniu6'' [] (Shanghainese), ''ng2 gniu6'' [] (Suzhounese), Mandarin pinyin and IPA: ''Wúyǔ'' []) is a major group of Sinitic languag ...
-speaking people who hail from Southern Jiangsu, Jiangsu Province, the entirety of the city of
Shanghai
Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flow ...
and all of
Zhejiang Province
Zhejiang ( or , ; , also romanized as Chekiang) is an eastern, coastal province of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Hangzhou, and other notable cities include Ningbo and Wenzhou. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangs ...
, as well as smaller populations in
Xuancheng
Xuancheng () is a city in the southeast of Anhui province. Archeological digs suggest that the city has been settled for over 4,000 years, and has been under formal administration since the Qin dynasty. Located in the lower Yangtze River drainage ...
prefecture-level city in Southern
Anhui Province,
Shangrao
Shangrao () is a medium-sized prefecture-level city located in the northeast of Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China. The city borders the province of Anhui to the north, the province of Zhejiang to the east, and the province of Fujian to t ...
,
Guangfeng
Guangfeng District () is a district of the city of Shangrao, located in Northeastern Jiangxi Province, Eastern China.
The easternmost county-level division of Jiangxi, Guangfeng borders Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. It covers .
The population i ...
and
Yushan counties of Northeastern
Jiangxi Province
Jiangxi (; ; formerly romanized as Kiangsi or Chianghsi) is a landlocked province in the east of the People's Republic of China. Its major cities include Nanchang and Jiujiang. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze river in the north into hi ...
and some parts of
Pucheng County in Northern
Fujian Province
Fujian (; alternately romanized as Fukien or Hokkien) is a province on the southeastern coast of China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its cap ...
.
History
Origins
For much of its history and prehistory, the Wuyue region has been home to several neolithic cultures such as the
Hemudu culture,
Majiabang culture and the
Liangzhu culture. Both
Wu and
Yue were two kingdoms during the
Zhou dynasty
The Zhou dynasty ( ; Old Chinese ( B&S): *''tiw'') was a royal dynasty of China that followed the Shang dynasty. Having lasted 789 years, the Zhou dynasty was the longest dynastic regime in Chinese history. The military control of China by th ...
and many such allusions to those kingdoms were attributed in the
Spring and Autumn Annals
The ''Spring and Autumn Annals'' () is an ancient Chinese chronicle that has been one of the core Chinese classics since ancient times. The ''Annals'' is the official chronicle of the State of Lu, and covers a 241-year period from 722 to 481 ...
, the
Zuo Zhuan and the
Guoyu. Later, after years of fighting and conflict, the two cultures of Wu and Yue became one culture through mutual contact and cultural diffusion. The
Chu state
Chu, or Ch'u in Wade–Giles romanization, (, Hanyu Pinyin: Chǔ, Old Chinese: ''*s-r̥aʔ'') was a Zhou dynasty vassal state. Their first ruler was King Wu of Chu in the early 8th century BCE. Chu was located in the south of the Zhou he ...
from the west (in
Hubei
Hubei (; ; alternately Hupeh) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the Central China region. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Dongting Lake. The prov ...
) expanded into this area and defeated the
Yue state.
After Chu was conquered by
Qin Qin may refer to:
Dynasties and states
* Qin (state) (秦), a major state during the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China
* Qin dynasty (秦), founded by the Qin state in 221 BC and ended in 206 BC
* Daqin (大秦), ancient Chinese name for the Roman Emp ...
, China was unified. It was not until the fall of
Western Jin during the early 4th century AD that northern Chinese moved to Jiangnan in significant numbers. The Yellow River valley was becoming barren due to flooding, lack of trees after intensive logging to create farmland and constant harassment and invasion by the
Wu Hu nomads.
In the 10th century,
Wuyue (Ten Kingdoms) was a small coastal kingdom founded by
Qian Liu who made a lasting cultural impact on Jiangnan and its people to this day. The cultural distinctiveness that began developing over this period persists to this day as the Wuyue region speaks a branch of the
Chinese language
Chinese (, especially when referring to written Chinese) is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in Greater China. About 1.3 billion people (or approximately 16% of the wor ...
called Wu (the most famous dialect of which is Shanghainese), has distinctive cuisine and other cultural traits.
There have been many periods of mass-migrations to Wuyue areas from
Northern China
Northern China () and Southern China () are two approximate regions within China. The exact boundary between these two regions is not precisely defined and only serve to depict where there appears to be regional differences between the climate ...
, sometimes overtaking the local Wuyue population. One notable example of this was when the
Song dynasty
The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ...
fell in the north, large numbers of northern refugees flooded into the relocated capital
Hangzhou
Hangzhou ( or , ; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ), also romanized as Hangchow, is the capital and most populous city of Zhejiang, China. It is located in the northwestern part of the province, sitting at the head of Hangzhou Bay, whi ...
mainly from the areas that are currently under the administration of modern-day
Henan Province. Within just 30 years, contemporary accounts record that these Northern immigrants outnumbered the Wu natives of Hangzhou, altering the city's spoken dialect and culture.
Subgroups
*
Shanghainese people
*
Wenzhou people
Wenzhou people or Wenzhounese people is a subgroup of Wenzhounese, Oujiang Wu Chinese speaking peoples, who live primarily in Wenzhou, Zhejiang province. Wenzhou people are known for their business and money-making skills. The area also has a la ...
Culture
Education
Traditionally, in the past, Wuyue people dominated the
imperial examination
The imperial examination (; lit. "subject recommendation") refers to a civil-service examination system in Imperial China, administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy. The concept of choosing bureaucrats by ...
s and were often ranked first in the imperial examinations as
Zhuangyuan (), or in other positions of the Jinshi () degree. The Wu speaking region produced 59 out of 114 Zhuangyuan scholars during the Ming and Qing dynasty, and 10427 out of 51444 Jinshi scholars, despite currently only constituting 6% of China's population. Amongst the 2331 scholars promoted to the
Chinese Academy of Science
The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); ), known by Academia Sinica in English until the 1980s, is the national academy of the People's Republic of China for natural sciences. It has historical origins in the Academia Sinica during the Republic ...
and
Chinese Academy of Engineering since the institutions' establishment from 1955, over 30% are Wuyue people, with 450 are from Jiangsu, 375 are from Zhejiang, 84 are from Shanghai. In addition, 5 out of 12 Nobel laureates who are of Chinese descent are Wuyue people, including
Tsung Dao Lee,
Charles Kao
Sir Charles Kao Kuen [Charles K. Kao was elected in 1990](_blank)
as a memb ...
,
Steven Chu
Steven Chu[Roger Tsien
Roger Yonchien Tsien (pronounced , "'' CHEN''"'';'' February 1, 1952 – August 24, 2016) was an American biochemist. He was a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego and was awarded the Nobel Prize in ...](_blank)
and
Youyou Tu
Tu Youyou (; born 30 December 1930) is a Chinese pharmaceutical chemist and malariologist. She discovered artemisinin (also known as , ) and dihydroartemisinin, used to treat malaria, a breakthrough in twentieth-century tropical medicine, sa ...
.
Languages
*
Changzhou dialect
The Changzhou dialect (Simplified Chinese: 常州话; Traditional Chinese: 常州話; IPA: ̥ɑŋ.tsei.ɦu(pronunciation in the Changzhou dialect)), sometimes called ''Changzhounese'', is a dialect of Wu, a Sino-Tibetan language family, and bel ...
*
Hangzhou dialect
The Hangzhou dialect (, ''Rhangzei Rhwa'') is spoken in the city of Hangzhou, China and its immediate suburbs, but excluding areas further away from Hangzhou such as Xiāoshān (蕭山) and Yúháng (余杭) (both originally county-level cities ...
*
Huzhou dialect
*
Jinhua dialect
The Jinhua dialect () is a dialect of Wu Chinese spoken in the city of Jinhua, China and the surrounding region in central Zhejiang
Zhejiang ( or , ; , also romanized as Chekiang) is an eastern, coastal province of the People's Republ ...
*
Ningbo dialect
The Ningbo dialect () is a dialect of Wu Chinese, one subdivision of varieties of Chinese, Chinese language. Ningbo dialect is spoken throughout Ningbo and Zhoushan prefectures, in Zhejiang province.
Intelligibility
Ningbo dialect native speaker ...
*
Shanghainese dialect
The Shanghainese language, also known as the Shanghai dialect, or Hu language, is a variety of Wu Chinese spoken in the central districts of the City of Shanghai and its surrounding areas. It is classified as part of the Sino-Tibetan languag ...
*
Shaoxing dialect
The Shaoxing dialect () is a Wu dialect spoken in the city of Shaoxing more specifically in the city center of Yuecheng and its surrounding areas. It is a representative Wu dialect with a tripartite distinction on voiced stop initials and a textb ...
*
Suzhou dialect
Suzhounese (; Suzhounese: ''sou1 tseu1 ghe2 gho6'' [] ), also known as the Suzhou dialect, is the Varieties of Chinese, variety of Chinese traditionally spoken in the city of Suzhou in Jiangsu, Jiangsu Province, China. Suzhounese is a varie ...
*
Wenzhounese dialect
*
Wuxi dialect
The Wuxi dialect (Simplified Chinese: 无锡话; Traditional Chinese: 無錫話; Pinyin: Wúxīhuà, Wu : mu1 sik1 wo3 , Wuxi dialect : u˨˨˧ siɪʔ˦ ɦu˨ is a dialect of Wu. It is spoken in the city of Wuxi in Jiangsu province, China.
...
Music
*
Jiangnan sizhu ''Jiangnan sizhu'' () is a style of traditional Chinese instrumental music from the ...
*
Suzhou Pingtan
''Pingtan'' (), also known as Suzhou pingtan, is a regional variety of ''quyi'' and a musical/oral performance art form popular in southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang, and Shanghai (the Jiangnan region of China). It originated in the city of Suz ...
(originated from Suzhou)
Opera
Kunqu and
Yue opera are amongst the most popular form of traditional opera in China, second to
Peking Opera only.
*
Kunqu
*
Yue opera
*
Shanghai opera
*Yongju, or Ningbo opera
Literature
*
Wo Bau-Sae
''Wo Bau-Sae'' () is an epic poem of Wu Chinese long narrative verses found around the Lake Tai region in Southeastern China. The backdrop of the story is set in the Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dyna ...
*
Butterfly Lovers ()
*
Legend of the White Snake
The Legend of the White Snake is a Chinese legend. It has since been presented in a number of major Chinese operas, films, and television series.
The earliest attempt to fictionalize the story in printed form appears to be ''The White Maiden L ...
()
*
Dream of the Red Chamber
''Dream of the Red Chamber'' (''Honglou Meng'') or ''The Story of the Stone'' (''Shitou Ji'') is a novel composed by Cao Xueqin in the middle of the 18th century. One of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, it is known for ...
Philosophy and Religion
*
Yangming school of
Neo-Confucianism
Neo-Confucianism (, often shortened to ''lǐxué'' 理學, literally "School of Principle") is a moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy
Chinese philosophy originates in the Spring and Autumn period () and Wa ...
*
Tiantai
Tiantai or T'ien-t'ai () is an East Asian Buddhist school of Mahāyāna Buddhism that developed in 6th-century China. The school emphasizes the ''Lotus Sutra's'' doctrine of the "One Vehicle" (''Ekayāna'') as well as Mādhyamaka philosophy, ...
school of
Mahayana Buddhism
''Mahāyāna'' (; "Great Vehicle") is a term for a broad group of Buddhist traditions, texts, philosophies, and practices. Mahāyāna Buddhism developed in India (c. 1st century BCE onwards) and is considered one of the three main existing bra ...
Architecture Heritage Sites
*
Tianyi Chamber
The Tianyi Ge (), translated as Tianyi Pavilion or Tianyi Chamber, is a library and garden located in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China. Founded in 1561 by Fan Qin during the Ming dynasty, it is the oldest existing private library in China. At i ...
*
The Classical Gardens in Suzhou
The Classical Gardens of Suzhou ( Chinese: 苏州园林; pinyin: ''Sūzhōu yuánlín''; Suzhounese ( Wugniu): ''sou1-tseu1 yoe2-lin2'') are a group of gardens in the city of Suzhou, in Jiangsu, China, which have been added to the UNESCO World Her ...
Cultural Items
*
Silk
Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons. The best-known silk is obtained from the coc ...
,
Jiangnan
Jiangnan or Jiang Nan (; formerly romanized Kiang-nan, literally "South of the River" meaning "South of the Yangtze") is a geographic area in China referring to lands immediately to the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, incl ...
is the largest silk-producing region in China.
Huzhou
Huzhou (, ; Huzhounese: ''ghou² cieu¹'') is a prefecture-level city in northern Zhejiang province (Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou Plain, China). Lying south of the Lake Tai, it borders Jiaxing to the east, Hangzhou to the south, and the provinc ...
is known for its fine silk.
*
Tea
Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of '' Camellia sinensis'', an evergreen shrub native to East Asia which probably originated in the borderlands of southwestern China and northe ...
(''
Camellia sinensis
''Camellia sinensis'' is a species of evergreen shrub or small tree in the flowering plant family Theaceae. Its leaves and leaf buds are used to produce the popular beverage, tea. Common names include tea plant, tea shrub, and tea tree (not to ...
''),
Hangzhou
Hangzhou ( or , ; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ), also romanized as Hangchow, is the capital and most populous city of Zhejiang, China. It is located in the northwestern part of the province, sitting at the head of Hangzhou Bay, whi ...
is known for its
Longjing tea
Longjing tea (; Standard Chinese pronunciation ), sometimes called by its literal translated name Dragon Well tea, is a variety of pan-roasted green tea from the area of Longjing Village in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. It is produced mos ...
, and the rest of Jiangnan has their own unique tea varieties.
*
Suzhou embroidery
*
Shaoxing wine
DNA Analysis
The HLA-DRB1 distribution of Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai Han population does share genetic characteristics with other Han Chinese populations, but it also exhibits its own characteristics distinct from that of other Han Chinese populations. This study also suggests that Wu-speaking peoples genetically, bridge the gap between Northern Han and Southern Han populations and thus are an intermediate between both populations. Even though Wu-speaking peoples form a genetic cluster, DNA analyses also show that Wu-speaking peoples are genetically coherent with other Han Chinese populations.
Notable Wu Chinese speakers
Scientists and inventors
File:Shen_Kua_sketch.jpg, Shen Kuo
Shen Kuo (; 1031–1095) or Shen Gua, courtesy name Cunzhong (存中) and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (夢溪翁),Yao (2003), 544. was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman of the Song dynasty (960–1279). Shen wa ...
, a brilliant polymathic scientist and mathematician of the Song dynasty
The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ...
.
File:Tsien_Hsue-shen.jpg, Qian Xuesen
Qian Xuesen, or Hsue-Shen Tsien (; 11 December 1911 – 31 October 2009), was a Chinese mathematician, cyberneticist, aerospace engineer, and physicist who made significant contributions to the field of aerodynamics and established engineeri ...
, the father of Chinese space program.
File:TD_Lee.jpg, Tsung-Dao Lee
Tsung-Dao Lee (; born November 24, 1926) is a Chinese-American physicist, known for his work on parity violation, the Lee–Yang theorem, particle physics, relativistic heavy ion (RHIC) physics, nontopological solitons, and soliton star ...
, one of the first two Chinese Nobel prize laureates in Physics.
Chien-Shiung_Wu_(1912-1997)_in_1958.jpg, Chien-Shiung Wu
)
, spouse =
, residence =
, nationality = ChineseAmerican
, field = Physics
, work_institutions = Institute of Physics, Academia SinicaUniversity of California at BerkeleySmith CollegePrinceton UniversityColumbia UniversityZhejiang Unive ...
, the first recipient of the Wolf Prize in Physics
The Wolf Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Wolf Foundation in Israel. It is one of the six Wolf Prizes established by the Foundation and awarded since 1978; the others are in Agriculture, Chemistry, Mathematics, Medicine and Arts.
The ...
.
Tu_Youyou_5012-1-2015.jpg, Tu Youyou, the first Chinese Nobel prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine. The Nobel Prize is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, accordin ...
.
*
Shen Kuo
Shen Kuo (; 1031–1095) or Shen Gua, courtesy name Cunzhong (存中) and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (夢溪翁),Yao (2003), 544. was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman of the Song dynasty (960–1279). Shen wa ...
(1031–1095), a brilliant
polymath
A polymath ( el, πολυμαθής, , "having learned much"; la, homo universalis, "universal human") is an individual whose knowledge spans a substantial number of subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific pro ...
ic scientist and mathematician of the
Song dynasty
The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ...
.
*
Xu Guangqi (1562–1633), Chinese mathematician, agricultural scientist, astronomer, and scholar-bureaucrat under the
Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...
.
*
Wang Ganchang
Wang Ganchang (; May 28, 1907 – December 10, 1998) was a Chinese nuclear physicist. He was one of the founding fathers of Chinese nuclear physics, cosmic rays and particle physics. Wang was also a leader in the fields of detonation physic ...
(1907–1998), one of the founding fathers of Chinese
nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.
Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the ...
,
cosmic rays
Cosmic rays are high-energy particles or clusters of particles (primarily represented by protons or atomic nuclei) that move through space at nearly the speed of light. They originate from the Sun, from outside of the Solar System in our own ...
and
particle physics
Particle physics or high energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation. The fundamental particles in the universe are classified in the Standard Model as fermions (matter particles) an ...
.
*
Tan Jiazhen
Tan Jiazhen (15 September 1909 – 1 November 2008), also known as C. C. Tan, was a Chinese geneticist. He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a foreign member of United States National Academy of Sciences. Tan was a main ...
(1909–2008), Chinese geneticist and the main founder of modern Chinese genetics.
*
Qian Xuesen
Qian Xuesen, or Hsue-Shen Tsien (; 11 December 1911 – 31 October 2009), was a Chinese mathematician, cyberneticist, aerospace engineer, and physicist who made significant contributions to the field of aerodynamics and established engineeri ...
(1911–2009), the father of
Chinese space program, Qian was praised by
Theodore von Kármán who said that Qian "answered my questions with unusual precision. I was immediately impressed with the keenness and quickness of his (Qian's) mind."
*
Chien-Shiung Wu
)
, spouse =
, residence =
, nationality = ChineseAmerican
, field = Physics
, work_institutions = Institute of Physics, Academia SinicaUniversity of California at BerkeleySmith CollegePrinceton UniversityColumbia UniversityZhejiang Unive ...
(1912–1997), an
experimental physicist
Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments. Methods vary from discipline to discipline, from simple experiments and o ...
, she was known as "the First Lady of Physics" for her contributions to
nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.
Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the ...
and was the first recipient of the
Wolf Prize in Physics
The Wolf Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Wolf Foundation in Israel. It is one of the six Wolf Prizes established by the Foundation and awarded since 1978; the others are in Agriculture, Chemistry, Mathematics, Medicine and Arts.
The ...
.
*
Chien Wei-zang (1912–2010), an
applied mathematician and
physicist
A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.
Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate caus ...
.
*
He Zehui
Professor He Zehui or Ho Zah-wei (; March 5, 1914 – June 20, 2011) was a Chinese nuclear physicist who worked to develop and exploit nuclear physics in Germany and China.
Early life and education
He Zehui was born in Suzhou in 1914. She att ...
(1914–2011), a Chinese
nuclear physicist
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.
Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the ...
who worked to develop and exploit nuclear physics in China.
*
Shao Xianghua
Shao Xianghua, (; February 22, 1913 – March 21, 2012) was a Chinese materials engineer and metallurgist. He was considered as a pioneer of modern Chinese metallurgical engineering.
Career
Shao was born on February 22, 1913, in Hangzhou, Zhejia ...
(1913–2012), Chinese scientist and metallurgical engineer. He was considered as a pioneer of modern Chinese
metallurgical engineering
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys.
Metallurgy encompasses both the sc ...
.
![Nobel_prize_medal](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg)
Tsung-Dao Lee
Tsung-Dao Lee (; born November 24, 1926) is a Chinese-American physicist, known for his work on parity violation, the Lee–Yang theorem, particle physics, relativistic heavy ion (RHIC) physics, nontopological solitons, and soliton star ...
(1926–),
Nobel prize laureate in Physics (1956).
*
Li Zhijian
Li Zhijian (; 1928–2011) was a Chinese physicist. He was a pioneer of Chinese microelectronics. He was former Chief Director of the Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University; and the ex-Chairman of the Academic Committee, School of I ...
(1928–2011), the pioneer of Chinese
microelectronics
Microelectronics is a subfield of electronics. As the name suggests, microelectronics relates to the study and manufacture (or microfabrication) of very small electronic designs and components. Usually, but not always, this means micrometre-sc ...
.
Tu Youyou (1930–),
Nobel prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine. The Nobel Prize is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, accordin ...
(2015).
![Nobel_prize_medal](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg)
Charles K. Kao
Sir Charles Kao Kuen [Charles K. Kao was elected in 1990](_blank)
as a memb ...
(1933–),
Nobel prize laureate in Physics (2009).
*
Ni Guangjiong (1934–), Chinese physicist and science writer.
*
Gu Leguan (1935–2001), a Chinese physicist and educator, he was also the former president of
Chongqing University.
*
Li Sanli (1935–), one of China's pioneers in computer science and engineering. He has won many domestic awards for research in the fields of computer architecture and organization.
*
Zhou Chaochen
Zhou Chaochen (; born 1 November 1937) is a Chinese computer scientist.
Zhou was born in Nanhui, Shanghai, China. He studied as an undergraduate at the Department of Mathematics and Mechanics, Peking University (1954–1958) and as a postgra ...
(1937–), Chinese computer scientist and inventor of the
Duration calculus.
*
Andrew Yao (1946–), a Chinese
computer scientist
A computer scientist is a person who is trained in the academic study of computer science.
Computer scientists typically work on the theoretical side of computation, as opposed to the hardware side on which computer engineers mainly focus (al ...
and computational theorist. His contributions include proving what is now known as
Yao's Principle.
*
Ho-Kwang Mao
Ho-Kwang (Dave) Mao (; born June 18, 1941) is a Chinese-American geologist. He is the director of the Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research in Shanghai, China. He was a staff scientist at Geophysical Laboratory of the ...
(1947–), an eminent scientist and geologist in America.
*
Jiawei Han
Jiawei Han (; born August 10, 1949) is a Chinese-American computer scientist and researcher. He currently holds the position of Michael Aiken Chair Professorship, Michael Aiken Chair Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the Unive ...
, (1949–), Chinese computer scientist and Abel Bliss Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the
University of Illinois
The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U of I, Illinois, University of Illinois, or UIUC) is a public land-grant research university in Illinois in the twin cities of Champaign and Urbana. It is the flagship institution of the University ...
at Urbana-Champaign.
![Nobel_prize_medal](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg)
Roger Y. Tsien
Roger Yonchien Tsien (pronounced , "'' CHEN''"'';'' February 1, 1952 – August 24, 2016) was an American biochemist. He was a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego and was awarded the Nobel Prize in ...
(1952–2016),
Nobel prize laureate in Chemistry (2009), Tsien was praised for being immensely intelligent by
Herman Quirmbach
Herman Charles Quirmbach (born October 6, 1950) is an American politician and academic. He is currently serving as a member of the Iowa Senate from the 23rd district. A Democrat, he has served in the Iowa Senate since 2003 and served on the Ames ...
who said "It's probably not an exaggeration to say he(Roger Y. Tsien)'s the smartest person I ever met...
d I have met a lot of brilliant people".
*
Junying Yu
Junying Yu (born 1975) is a Chinese stem cell biologist. She is a researcher at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
Biography
Yu was born in 1975 in Zhejiang, China. In 1997, Yu graduated from the Department of Biology of Peking University. ...
(1975–), is a
stem cell
In multicellular organisms, stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can differentiate into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell. They are the earliest type o ...
biologist
A biologist is a scientist who conducts research in biology. Biologists are interested in studying life on Earth, whether it is an individual Cell (biology), cell, a multicellular organism, or a Community (ecology), community of Biological inter ...
and researcher at the
University of Wisconsin–Madison
A university () is an educational institution, institution of higher education, higher (or Tertiary education, tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several Discipline (academia), academic disciplines. Universities ty ...
.
Mathematicians
Li_Shanlan.jpg, Li Shanlan
Li Shanlan (李善蘭, courtesy name: Renshu 壬叔, art name: Qiuren 秋紉) (1810 – 1882) was a Chinese mathematician of the Qing Dynasty.
A native of Haining, Zhejiang, he was fascinated by mathematics since childhood, beginning with the '' ...
, 19th century Chinese mathematician, Li invented the Li Shanlan's Summation Formulae.
File:%E6%BD%98%E8%80%92.jpg, Pan Lei
Pan Lei () (1646 – 1708) was a Qing dynasty scholar. He wrote the prefaces for a number of works that appeared in his time. In the preface to writer Qu Dajun's book ''Guangdong Xinyu'', widely regarded as a valuable source on the econo ...
, QIng era scholar involved in the study of mathematics.
File:許寶騄.jpg, Pao-Lu Hsu
Pao-Lu Hsu or Xu Baolu (; September 1, 1910 – December 18, 1970) was a Chinese mathematician noted for his work in probability theory and statistics.
Life and career
Pao-Lu Hsu was born in Beijing on September 1, 1910, with his ancestral hom ...
, famous world class statistician
A statistician is a person who works with theoretical or applied statistics. The profession exists in both the private and public sectors.
It is common to combine statistical knowledge with expertise in other subjects, and statisticians may wor ...
and the father of probability
Probability is the branch of mathematics concerning numerical descriptions of how likely an Event (probability theory), event is to occur, or how likely it is that a proposition is true. The probability of an event is a number between 0 and ...
and statistics
Statistics (from German language, German: ''wikt:Statistik#German, Statistik'', "description of a State (polity), state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of ...
in China.
File:Shiing-Shen_Chern.jpg, Shiing-Shen Chern, considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century and a leader in geometry
Geometry (; ) is, with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics. It is concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is c ...
.
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Shen Kuo
Shen Kuo (; 1031–1095) or Shen Gua, courtesy name Cunzhong (存中) and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (夢溪翁),Yao (2003), 544. was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman of the Song dynasty (960–1279). Shen wa ...
(1031–1095), a brilliant polymathic mathematician and scientist of the Song dynasty, he created an approximation of the arc of a circle ''s'' by ''s'' = ''c'' + 2''v''
2/''d'', where d is the diameter, v is the versine, c is the length of the chord c subtending the arc.
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Xu Guangqi (1562–1633), Chinese mathematician, agricultural scientist, astronomer and scholar-bureaucrat under the Ming dynasty.
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Pan Lei
Pan Lei () (1646 – 1708) was a Qing dynasty scholar. He wrote the prefaces for a number of works that appeared in his time. In the preface to writer Qu Dajun's book ''Guangdong Xinyu'', widely regarded as a valuable source on the econo ...
(1646 – 1708) was a
Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...
scholar and mathematician.
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Li Rui (1768–1817), independently invented
Descartes' rule of signs during the Qing dynasty.
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Li Shanlan
Li Shanlan (李善蘭, courtesy name: Renshu 壬叔, art name: Qiuren 秋紉) (1810 – 1882) was a Chinese mathematician of the Qing Dynasty.
A native of Haining, Zhejiang, he was fascinated by mathematics since childhood, beginning with the '' ...
(1810 – 1882), invented the
Li Shanlan's Summation Formulae, he also coined a great number of mathematical terms used in Chinese today.
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Hu Dunfu
Hu Dunfu (; 1886 – December 1, 1978) was a Chinese mathematician and pioneer in higher education. He won a Qing government scholarship to study at Cornell University, and became the first dean of Tsinghua University at the age of 25. He was th ...
(1886–1978), Chinese mathematician and pioneer in higher education, he was the first dean of
Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University (; abbreviation, abbr. THU) is a National university, national Public university, public research university in Beijing, China. The university is funded by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Minis ...
.
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Jiang Lifu (1890–1978), father of modern Chinese mathematics and the first president of
Academia Sinica
Academia Sinica (AS, la, 1=Academia Sinica, 3=Chinese Academy; ), headquartered in Nangang, Taipei, is the national academy of Taiwan. Founded in Nanking, the academy supports research activities in a wide variety of disciplines, ranging from ...
of Mathematics.
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Chen Jiangong
Chen Jiangong (; 1893–1971), or Jian-gong Chen, was a Chinese mathematician. He was a pioneer of modern Chinese mathematics.Pao-Lu Hsu
Pao-Lu Hsu or Xu Baolu (; September 1, 1910 – December 18, 1970) was a Chinese mathematician noted for his work in probability theory and statistics.
Life and career
Pao-Lu Hsu was born in Beijing on September 1, 1910, with his ancestral hom ...
(1910–1970), a famed mathematician for being the father of
probability
Probability is the branch of mathematics concerning numerical descriptions of how likely an Event (probability theory), event is to occur, or how likely it is that a proposition is true. The probability of an event is a number between 0 and ...
and
statistics
Statistics (from German language, German: ''wikt:Statistik#German, Statistik'', "description of a State (polity), state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of ...
in China.
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Hua Luogeng (1910–1985), famous for his important contributions to
number theory
Number theory (or arithmetic or higher arithmetic in older usage) is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and arithmetic function, integer-valued functions. German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777 ...
and for his role as the leader of mathematics research and education in the People's Republic of China.
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Shiing-Shen Chern (1911–2004), one of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century and widely regarded as a leader in
geometry
Geometry (; ) is, with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics. It is concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is c ...
and winning many prizes for his immense number of contributions to mathematics.
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Ky Fan
Ky Fan (樊𰋀, , September 19, 1914 – March 22, 2010) was a Chinese-born American mathematician. He was a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Biography
Fan was born in Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejian ...
(1914–2010), famous mathematician who invented many new mathematical equations and theories.
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Wu Wenjun (1919–2017), Chinese mathematician.
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Wang Yuan (mathematician)
Wang Yuan (; 29 April 1930 – 14 May 2021) was a Chinese mathematician and writer known for his contributions to the Goldbach conjecture. He was a president of the Chinese Mathematical Society and head of the Institute of Mathematics, Chinese ...
(1930–), head of the Institute of Mathematics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences..
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Pan Chengdong
Pan Chengdong ( zh, c=潘承洞, p=Pān Chéngdòng; 26 May 1934 – 27 December 1997) was a Chinese mathematician who made numerous contributions to number theory, including progress on Goldbach's conjecture. He was vice president of Shandon ...
(1934–1997), mathematician and vice president of
Shandong University
Shandong University (, abbreviated as Shanda, , English abbreviation SDU) is a public research comprehensive university in Jinan, Shandong with one campus in Weihai, Shandong and one campus in Qingdao, Shandong and is supported directly by the ...
.
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Weinan E
Weinan E (; born September 1963) is a Chinese mathematician. He is known for his pathbreaking work in applied mathematics and machine learning. His academic contributions include novel mathematical and computational results in stochastic differe ...
(1963–), applied mathematician who made many achievements in mathematics by contributing new equations into
homogenization theory, theoretical models of turbulence, electronic structure analysis, multiscale methods, computational fluid dynamics, and weak
KAM theory
Kaam (Gurmukhi: ਕਾਮ ''Kāma'') in common usage, the term stands for 'excessive passion for sexual pleasure' and it is in this sense that it is considered to be an evil in Sikhism.
In Sikhism it is believed that Kaam can be overcome ...
.
*
Zhiwei Yun
Zhiwei Yun (; born September 1982) is a Professor of Mathematics at MIT specializing in number theory, algebraic geometry and representation theory, with a particular focus on the Langlands program.
He was previously a C. L. E. Moore instructor ...
(1982–), received a gold medal with a perfect score on his first time participating, and was awarded the
SASTRA Ramanujan Prize
The SASTRA Ramanujan Prize, founded by Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology & Research Academy (SASTRA) located near Kumbakonam, India, Srinivasa Ramanujan's hometown, is awarded every year to a young mathematician judged to have done outstanding ...
in 2012 for his "fundamental contributions to several areas that lie at the interface of representation theory, algebraic geometry and number theory".
Philosophers
File:Wang-yang-ming.jpg, Wang Yangming, considered to be one of the greatest Confucian philosophers in history.
File:Zhu_xi.jpg, Zhu Xi
Zhu Xi (; ; October 18, 1130 – April 23, 1200), formerly romanized Chu Hsi, was a Chinese calligrapher, historian, philosopher, poet, and politician during the Song dynasty. Zhu was influential in the development of Neo-Confucianism. He con ...
, regarded as one of the most influential Confucian philosophers in history and the founder of Neo-Confucianism
Neo-Confucianism (, often shortened to ''lǐxué'' 理學, literally "School of Principle") is a moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy
Chinese philosophy originates in the Spring and Autumn period () and Wa ...
.
File:Huang_Zong-Xi.jpg, Huang Zongxi
Huang Zongxi (; September 24, 1610 – August 12, 1695), courtesy name Taichong (), was a Chinese naturalist, political theorist, philosopher, and soldier during the latter part of the Ming dynasty into the early part of the Qing.
Biography
Huan ...
, naturalist and political theorist, he advocated the belief that ministers should be openly critical of their emperor.
File:Qian_Mu.jpg, Ch'ien Mu, Chinese philosopher, historian, educator and Confucian.
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Wang Chong (Shaoxing),
Han dynasty
The Han dynasty (, ; ) was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD), established by Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) and a warr ...
philosopher.
*
Zhu Xi
Zhu Xi (; ; October 18, 1130 – April 23, 1200), formerly romanized Chu Hsi, was a Chinese calligrapher, historian, philosopher, poet, and politician during the Song dynasty. Zhu was influential in the development of Neo-Confucianism. He con ...
(Huizhou region), founder of
Neo-Confucianism
Neo-Confucianism (, often shortened to ''lǐxué'' 理學, literally "School of Principle") is a moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy
Chinese philosophy originates in the Spring and Autumn period () and Wa ...
,
Song dynasty
The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ...
philosopher.
*
Wang Yangming (Ningbo), regarded as one of the four greatest Confucianist philosophers.
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Qian Dehong
Qian Dehong () was a notable Chinese philosopher, writer, and educator during the mid-late Ming Dynasty.
Biography
Qian was born in Yuyao, Shaoxing Fu (紹興府/绍兴府; current Ningbo), Zhejiang Province. His original name was Kuan (宽), and ...
(Ningbo), philosopher, writer, and educator during the mid-late
Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...
.
*
Pan Pingge
Pan Pingge (; 1610–1677), was a notable Chinese philosopher during the late-Ming and early- Qing period.
Biography
Pan was born in Cixi City, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province in late Ming Dynasty in 1610. His courtesy name was Yongwei (用微).
Durin ...
(Ningbo), Ming era critic of Neo-Confucianism.
*
Huang Zongxi
Huang Zongxi (; September 24, 1610 – August 12, 1695), courtesy name Taichong (), was a Chinese naturalist, political theorist, philosopher, and soldier during the latter part of the Ming dynasty into the early part of the Qing.
Biography
Huan ...
(Ningbo), naturalist and political theorist, he advocated the belief that ministers should be openly critical of their emperor.
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Wang Maozu (Suzhou), Republic era philosopher and educationalist.
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Ch'ien Mu (Wuxi), Chinese philosopher, historian, educator and Confucian. He was honored as one of the "Four Greatest Historians" of Modern China.
Writers
File:LuXun1930.jpg, Lu Xun
Zhou Shuren (25 September 1881 – 19 October 1936), better known by his pen name Lu Xun (or Lu Sun; ; Wade–Giles: Lu Hsün), was a Chinese writer, essayist, poet, and literary critic. He was a leading figure of modern Chinese literature. W ...
, praised as "The greatest writer Asia produced in the twentieth century" by Nobel prize laureate Kenzaburō Ōe.
File:Ai_Qing_1929.jpg, Ai Qing, one of the most outstanding poets in Modern China.
File:Zhang_Ailing_1954.jpg, Eileen Chang, a highly influential modern Chinese writer.
File:Gao_Xingjian_Galerie_Simoncini_Luxembourg.jpg, Gao Xingjian
Gao Xingjian (高行健 in Chinese - born January 4, 1940) is a Chinese émigré and later French naturalized novelist, playwright, critic, painter, photographer, film director, and translator who in 2000 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature " ...
, Nobel prize laureate for Literature in 2000.
File:Wu_Weiye.jpg, Wu Weiye, one of the Three Masters of Jiangdong The Three Masters of Jiangdong () were a group of Chinese literati who lived and wrote during the Manchu conquest of China, Ming-Qing transition. They were Gong Dingzi, Wu Weiye, Qian Qianyi.Zhang, 71 They are partly famous for reviving the ''Ci (po ...
.
*
Zhang Rong Zhang may refer to:
Chinese culture, etc.
* Zhang (surname) (張/张), common Chinese surname
** Zhang (surname 章), a rarer Chinese surname
* Zhang County (漳县), of Dingxi, Gansu
* Zhang River (漳河), a river flowing mainly in Henan
* ''Z ...
(443–497) was a Chinese official and poet during the period of the
Southern and Northern Dynasties.
*
Lu Guimeng
Lu Guimeng (; died 881), courtesy name Luwang (), was a recluse Chinese poet of the Tang dynasty. He lived in seclusion at Puli near Suzhou. His pseudonyms included Mr. Puli (), Tiansuizhi (), and Jianghu Sanren ().
He and his friend, the fellow ...
(before 836–881),
Tang dynasty
The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an Zhou dynasty (690–705), interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dyn ...
Chinese poet.
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Lu You
Lu You (; 1125–1210) was a Chinese historian and poet of the Southern Song Dynasty (南宋).
Career Early life and marriage
Lu You was born on a boat floating in the Wei River early on a rainy morning, November 13, 1125. At the time of his b ...
(1125–1209), patriotic poet of the Southern
Song dynasty
The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ...
.
*
Shi Nai'an (1296–1372), author of the
Water Margin
''Water Margin'' (''Shuihu zhuan'') is one of the earliest Chinese novels written in vernacular Mandarin, and is attributed to Shi Nai'an. It is also translated as ''Outlaws of the Marsh'' and ''All Men Are Brothers''.
The story, which is s ...
, one of the
Four Great Classical Novels
Classic Chinese Novels () are the best-known novels of pre-modern Chinese literature. These are among the world's longest and oldest novels. They represented a new complexity in structure and sophistication in language that helped to establish t ...
.
*
Qian Qianyi
Qian Qianyi (; Suzhou dialect: ; 1582–1664) was a Chinese historian, poet, and politician during the late Ming dynasty.Cihai: Page 1704. Qian was a famous author and poet; and along with Gong Dingzi and Wu Weiye was known as one of the Three M ...
(1582–1664), a Chinese official, scholar and social historian of the late Ming dynasty.
*
Shao Mi (1592-1642) a Chinese landscape painter, calligrapher, and poet during the
Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...
.
*
Zhang Dai (1597–1679), Ming writer, historian and biographer.
*
Wu Weiye (1609–1671) was an author and poet in Classical Chinese poetry.
*
Lu Xun
Zhou Shuren (25 September 1881 – 19 October 1936), better known by his pen name Lu Xun (or Lu Sun; ; Wade–Giles: Lu Hsün), was a Chinese writer, essayist, poet, and literary critic. He was a leading figure of modern Chinese literature. W ...
(1881–1936), a leading figure of modern
Chinese literature.
*
Liu Bannong
Liu Bannong (; May 29, 1891 – July 14, 1934) or Liu Fu () was a Chinese poet and linguist. He was a leader in the May Fourth Movement. He made great contributions to modern Chinese literature, phonology and photography.
Life
A son of the edu ...
(1891–1934), a Chinese linguist and poet.
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Gu Jiegang (1893–1980), a Chinese historian best known for his seven-volume work Gushi Bian (古史辨, or Debates on Ancient History). He was a co-founder and the leading force of the
Doubting Antiquity School
The Doubting Antiquity School or Yigupai ( Wilkinson, Endymion (2000). ''Chinese History: A Manual''. Harvard Univ Asia Center. . Page 345, see/ref>Loewe, Michael and Edward L. Shaughnessy (1999). ''The Cambridge History of Ancient China'' Cambridg ...
, and was highly influential in the 20th century development of Chinese history.
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Ai Qing (1910–1996), regarded as one of the finest modern Chinese poets.
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Fei Xiaotong (1910–2005), a pioneering Chinese researcher and professor of
sociology
Sociology is a social science that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of Interpersonal ties, social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. It uses various methods of Empirical ...
and
anthropology
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including past human species. Social anthropology studies patterns of behavi ...
.
*
Qian Zhongshu (1910–1998), a Chinese literary scholar and writer, known for his wit and erudition.
*
Eileen Chang (1920–1995), one of the most influential modern Chinese writers, it was stated by poet and
University of Southern California
The University of Southern California (USC, SC, or Southern Cal) is a Private university, private research university in Los Angeles, California, United States. Founded in 1880 by Robert M. Widney, it is the oldest private research university in C ...
professor Dominic Cheung that "had it not been for the political division between the Nationalist and Communist Chinese, she (Eileen Chang) would have almost certainly won a
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
".
![Nobel_prize_medal](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg)
Gao Xingjian
Gao Xingjian (高行健 in Chinese - born January 4, 1940) is a Chinese émigré and later French naturalized novelist, playwright, critic, painter, photographer, film director, and translator who in 2000 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature " ...
(1940–), novelist, playwright, critic and the
Nobel prize laureate for Literature of 2000.
*
Ye Wenling
Ye Wenling (; born 4 November 1942) is a Chinese novelist. She was a member of the 6th, 7th and 8th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Biography
Ye was born in Chumen Town, Yuhuan, Zhejiang, China in ...
(1942–), Chinese novelist and politician.
*
Xiaolu Guo (1973–), novelist and filmmaker, her novels have been translated into 27 languages. In 2013 she was named as one of Granta's Best of Young British Novelists, a list drawn up once a decade.
Kings and politicians
File:QIAN_Liu_(aka_TSIEN_Liu)%2C_King_of_Wuyue.jpg, Qian Liu, the first ruler of Wuyue
Wuyue (; ), 907–978, was an independent coastal kingdom founded during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907–960) of Chinese history. It was ruled by the Haiyan Qian clan (海盐钱氏), whose family name remains widespread in t ...
kingdom.
File:Sun_Baoqi4.jpg, Sun Baoqi
Sun Baoqi (; 26 April 1867 – 3 February 1931) was a government official, foreign minister, and premier of the Republic of China. His courtesy name was Mu-han (慕韓)
Biography
Sun was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in 1867, the eldest so ...
, a government official, foreign minister and the premier of the Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
.
*
Qian Liu (852–932), founder and first king of
Wuyue
Wuyue (; ), 907–978, was an independent coastal kingdom founded during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907–960) of Chinese history. It was ruled by the Haiyan Qian clan (海盐钱氏), whose family name remains widespread in t ...
.
*
Qian Yuanguan
Qian Yuanguan (錢元瓘) (November 30, 887 – September 17, 941''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 282.), born Qian Chuanguan (錢傳瓘), formally King Wenmu of Wuyue (吳越文穆王), courtesy name Mingbao (明寶), was the second king of the state of W ...
(887–941), second king of Wuyue.
*
Sun Baoqi
Sun Baoqi (; 26 April 1867 – 3 February 1931) was a government official, foreign minister, and premier of the Republic of China. His courtesy name was Mu-han (慕韓)
Biography
Sun was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in 1867, the eldest so ...
(1867–1931), the
Qing
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaki ...
governor of
Shandong Province
Shandong ( , ; ; alternately romanized as Shantung) is a coastal province of the People's Republic of China and is part of the East China region.
Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history since the beginning of Chinese civilizatio ...
and the premier of the
Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
.
*
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary, and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1928 ...
(1887–1975), President of the
Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
in China and Taiwan.
*
Chiang Ching-kuo (1910–1988), President of
Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
(
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
).
*
Sang Guowei (1941–), former chairman of the
Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party
The Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party (CPWDP), also abbreviated in Chinese as Nonggongdang ( zh, s=农工党), t=, is one of the eight legally recognized political parties in the People's Republic of China under the direction of ...
.
See also
*
Wuyue
Wuyue (; ), 907–978, was an independent coastal kingdom founded during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907–960) of Chinese history. It was ruled by the Haiyan Qian clan (海盐钱氏), whose family name remains widespread in t ...
*
Chinese people
The Chinese people or simply Chinese, are people or ethnic groups identified with China, usually through ethnicity, nationality, citizenship, or other affiliation.
Chinese people are known as Zhongguoren () or as Huaren () by speakers of s ...
*
Wu (region)
Wu () refers to a region in China centered on Lake Tai in Jiangnan (the region south of the Yangtze River).非常2+1亲子游中国--迷失烟雨江浙 The Wu region was historically part of the ancient Yang Province in southeastern China. The n ...
*
Subei people
The Subei people (), also known as Jiangbei People (), are a Jianghuai Mandarin-speaking Han Chinese people of the Subei region (northern Jiangsu province).
Due to natural disasters and insurrections in their native region, during the Qing and ...
References
External links
wenlian.xiaoshan.gov.cn
{{Han subgroups
Subgroups of the Han Chinese
Wu (region)