This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in

presidential system A presidential system, or single executive system, is a form of government in which a head of government, typically with the title of president, leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch in systems that use separati ...

s, there is only one leader being both

head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...

and

head of government The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a gro ...

. In other cases, mainly in

semi-presidential A semi-presidential republic, is a republic in which a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet, with the latter two being responsible to the legislature of the state. It differs from a parliamentary republic in that it has a ...

and

parliamentary system A parliamentary system, or parliamentarian democracy, is a system of democratic governance of a state (or subordinate entity) where the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the support ("confidence") of the ...

s, the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government role (i.e.

executive branch The Executive, also referred as the Executive branch or Executive power, is the term commonly used to describe that part of government which enforces the law, and has overall responsibility for the governance of a State (polity), state. In poli ...

) is fulfilled by both the listed head of government and the head of state. In single-party systems,

ruling party The ruling party or governing party in a democratic parliamentary or presidential system is the political party or coalition holding a majority of elected positions in a parliament, in the case of parliamentary systems, or holding the executive ...

's leader (i.e.

General Secretary Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the organization. The term is derived ...

) is usually the ''de facto'' top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers-designate, and those leading a

government in exile A government in exile (abbreviated as GiE) is a political group that claims to be a country or semi-sovereign state's legitimate government, but is unable to exercise legal power and instead resides in a foreign country. Governments in exile ...

if internationally recognised.

Member and observer states of the United Nations

Other states

The following states are in free association with another UN member state. The following states control at least part of their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state. The following states control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.

Other governments

These alternative governments control part of their territory and are recognised as legitimate by at least one UN member state. These alternative governments control part of their territory, but are not recognized as legitimate by any UN member states. These alternative governments do not control their territory but are recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member state.

''Sui generis'' entities

List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office This is a list of current state leaders ordered by their continuous tenure in a position of national leadership. For countries in which the head of state and head of government are separate, both offices are listed. For leaders who held the s ...

List of current monarchs of sovereign states A monarch is the head of a monarchy, a form of government in which a state is ruled by an individual who normally rules for life or until abdication, and typically inherits the throne by birth. Monarchs may be autocrats (as in all absolute mon ...

List of current vice presidents and designated acting presidents This is a list of vice presidential or similar positions, and the current office holders: Member states of the United Nations Countries with a vice president (or similar position) Countries with a ''ex-officio'' Designated Acting Head of S ...

List of current interior ministers This is a list of current interior ministers of the 193 United Nations member states, Holy See (Vatican City) and the State of Palestine. Interior ministers of sovereign countries with limited recognition are included in a separate table. St ...

List of current foreign ministers This is a list of current foreign ministers of the 193 United Nations member states as well as the Holy See ( Vatican City) and the State of Palestine. Foreign ministers of sovereign countries with limited recognition, some alternative gover ...

List of current finance ministers This is a list of current finance ministers of the 193 United Nations member states, Holy See (Vatican City) and the State of Palestine. Finance ministers of sovereign countries with limited recognition are included in a separate table. State ...

List of current defence ministers This is a list of current defence ministers of the 193 United Nations member states, Holy See (Vatican City) and the State of Palestine. Defence ministers of sovereign countries with limited recognition are included in a separate table. Stat ...

List of current presidents of legislatures This is a list of current presiding officers of the legislative assemblies of sovereign and unrecognized states, autonomous regions, dependencies and other territories, sui generis entities, and international organisations. States recognised by ...

List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government The following is a list of women who have been elected or appointed head of state or government of their respective countries since the interwar period (1918–1939). The first list includes female President (government title), presidents who a ...

List of leaders of dependent territories This is a list of leaders of dependent territories. A dependent territory is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state yet remains politically outside of the controlling state's integral ...

List of oldest living state leaders This article lists the 100 oldest living current or former state leaders whose age can be demonstrated beyond reasonable doubt. State leaders are defined to include heads of state (including representatives who act in their stead, generally a gov ...

* List of national governments *

Lists of state leaders This list contains various lists of state leaders, defined as heads of state and/or heads of government. Typically this list includes presidents, prime ministers or monarchs. * List of current heads of state and government *Lists of state leaders ...

Lists of state leaders by century This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in any given century. 3rd millennium :'' List of state leaders in the 21st century'' :: Current state leaders ::: '22 – '21 – '20 – '19 – '18 – '17 – '16 � ...

List of state leaders in the 21st century This is a list of state leaders in the 21st century (2001–present) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, or the general secretaries of single-party states. These polities are generally sovereign states, including states w ...

List of state leaders in A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby unio ...

Notes

References

External links

CIDOB Foundation
contextualised biographies of world political leaders
EmilePhaneuf
n archived, partial list of official websites for heads of state

a list of current rulers by country
Rulers
list of rulers throughout time and places
United Nations
list of heads of state, heads of government, and foreign ministers {{DEFAULTSORT:Heads Of State And Government, Current 2020s in politics Contemporary history