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Willink van Collenprijs (''English'': The Willink van Collen Award) is a former Dutch art award, which was awarded for the first time in 1880 by the Sociëteit Arti et Amicitiae. It was intended as an encouragement award for young artists, and was considered as a national counterpart to the Paris Salon. Its existence of more than 71 years proves the success of Amsterdam's art policy . For many of its winners, it was a valuable boost to their careers in the Dutch art world. Some of the prize winners were also recognized abroad and remain well known today.
The annual art exhibition of the Paris Salon was the most important event, too. It was the centre of the painters of Europe and it was very difficult to be allowed to exhibit there. The Five prizes awarded there were highly desired. It concerned two ''Gold Medals'' (medals of the 1st class) and three ''Silver Medals'' (medals of the 2nd class). Moreover, "Recognitions" and "Honorable Mentions" were pronounced. All this needed an answer in the Netherlands.
The board of Directors of the Association "Arti et Amiticitae" decided to hold an annual painting competition for all Dutch artists. Participants were required to reside in the Netherlands, and be under the age of 30. Later, the age limit was raised to 35. The paintings were submitted unsigned, and evaluated by the jury anonymously. Originally, there was a first place, a second place and a third one, a commendation – structured like the prizes of the Paris Salon. Not every prize was awarded every year. This approach was maintained until 1893. The jury had to deal with a problem of a special kind. The standard of entries was quite staggering. In 1891 it was decided to select a more difficult theme, to deter painters with inadequate training.
The following year, the jury decided to award no first prize. The reason was: It was felt that "no sufficient artistic value" was presented in the submitted works.
In 1893, a competition to design a mural for the organizers' building was announced. Only seven submissions were received, all of which disappointed the jury. For the first time in the history of the award, neither the prize nor the commendation were awarded. In 1894, the executive board decided to proceed differently. Instead of awarding the prize, the award money was spent on acquiring the painting "The Snow" by
Selected topics were expressed
* Among Friends – (1880),
* Genre scene from the Dutch family – (1884),
* Animal piece – (1886),
* Townscape – (1888),
* Figure Painting – (1889),
* A landscape upholstered – (1890),
* In the head – (1891),
* An event in the national history – (1892),
* Flat mural – (1893),
* River face – (1917),
* The life of Willem Zwijger – (1932)
* Summer – (1935).J. Knoef: ''Van Romantiek tot Realisme. Een bundel kunsthistorische opstellen.'' Den Haag 1947.
File:Akkeringa Kinderen aan het strand.jpg, Johannes Akkeringa: ''Kinderen aan het strand''.
File:Arntzenius Spuistraat Den Haag.jpg, Floris Arntzenius: ''Spuistraat Den Haag''.
File:Turks leger voor Jeruzalem Rijksmuseum SK-A-3150.jpeg, Marius Bauer (Rijksmuseum): ''Turks leger voor Jeruzalem''.
File:Bodifee Brug Giethoorn.jpg, Paul Bodifée: ''Brug Giethoorn''.
File:Hendrik Johannes Haverman - Jong leven (EGM 1898-1).jpg, Hendrik Haverman: ''Young Life''.
File:De Hoog Wiegen.jpg, Bernard de Hoog: ''Wiegen''.
File:Kuypers Rivierscene.jpg, Cornelius Kuypers: ''Zeilschepen op een kalme rivier''.
File:Kuypers Boeren op het veld.jpg, Cornelius Kuypers: ''Boeren op het veld''.
File:Wally Moes - Sleeping baby.jpg, Wally Moes: ''Sleeping baby''.
File:Artilleristen (2).jpg, Jan Hoynck van Papendrecht: ''Artilleristen (2)''.
File:Johan Thorn Prikker Soleil à midi c1900.jpg,
Hague School
Ausstellung "Malerei der Haager Schule"
(German)
Late Hague School
Dissertation Gabriele Schmid "Illusionsräume" (German) {{ACArt Dutch painting Realism (art movement) Impressionism Hague School Modernism Dutch artist groups and collectives
Willink van Collenprijs (''English'': The Willink van Collen Award) is a former Dutch art award, which was awarded for the first time in 1880 by the Sociëteit Arti et Amicitiae. It was intended as an encouragement award for young artists, and was considered as a national counterpart to the Paris Salon. Its existence of more than 71 years proves the success of Amsterdam's art policy . For many of its winners, it was a valuable boost to their careers in the Dutch art world. Some of the prize winners were also recognized abroad and remain well known today.
Background
During the " Second Golden Age of Dutch painting", the Dutch painters enjoyed considerable arts patronage from the upper class. This can also be seen in the context of theHague School
The Hague School is a group of artists who lived and worked in The Hague between 1860 and 1890. Their work was heavily influenced by the realist painters of the French Barbizon school. The painters of the Hague school generally made use of relati ...
and the School of Allebé.
The Amsterdam-born painter Wilhem Ferdinand Willink van Collen (1847–1881) and his wife Anna Weber-van Bosse
Anna Antoinette Weber-van Bosse (27 March 1852 – 29 October 1942) was a Dutch phycologist, specializing in marine algae.
Life
Her interest in botany and zoology started at a young age, inspired by regular trips to the Amsterdam zoo. She att ...
were great art lovers. After his death, he bequeathed a sum of 30,000 guilders to the society Arti et Amicitiae to set up a trust fund. The aim was to support young artists' income during their difficult initial phase. This also happened at painter's schools like Düsseldorf painter's School, Copenhagen School, Weimar Saxon-Grand Ducal Art School
The Grand-Ducal Saxon Art School, Weimar (German:Großherzoglich-Sächsische Kunstschule Weimar) was founded on 1 October 1860, in Weimar, Germany, by a decree of Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. It existed until 1910, when i ...
, the Munich School
Munich School ( el, Σχολή του Μονάχου) is the name given to a group of painters who worked in Munich or were trained at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Munich (german: Münchner Akademie der Bildenden Künste) between 1850 and 191 ...
, Academy of Beaux-Arts to Paris, Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze
The Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze ("academy of fine arts of Florence") is an instructional art academy in Florence, in Tuscany, in central Italy.
It was founded by Cosimo I de' Medici in 1563, under the influence of Giorgio Vasari. ...
as well as the Barbizon School
The Barbizon school of painters were part of an art movement towards Realism in art, which arose in the context of the dominant Romantic Movement of the time. The Barbizon school was active roughly from 1830 through 1870. It takes its name ...
and the new French Impressionism
Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage ...
to give a chance to the Dutch young generation, too.
The annual art exhibition of the Paris Salon was the most important event, too. It was the centre of the painters of Europe and it was very difficult to be allowed to exhibit there. The Five prizes awarded there were highly desired. It concerned two ''Gold Medals'' (medals of the 1st class) and three ''Silver Medals'' (medals of the 2nd class). Moreover, "Recognitions" and "Honorable Mentions" were pronounced. All this needed an answer in the Netherlands.
The board of Directors of the Association "Arti et Amiticitae" decided to hold an annual painting competition for all Dutch artists. Participants were required to reside in the Netherlands, and be under the age of 30. Later, the age limit was raised to 35. The paintings were submitted unsigned, and evaluated by the jury anonymously. Originally, there was a first place, a second place and a third one, a commendation – structured like the prizes of the Paris Salon. Not every prize was awarded every year. This approach was maintained until 1893. The jury had to deal with a problem of a special kind. The standard of entries was quite staggering. In 1891 it was decided to select a more difficult theme, to deter painters with inadequate training.
The following year, the jury decided to award no first prize. The reason was: It was felt that "no sufficient artistic value" was presented in the submitted works.
No award and its consequences
In 1893, a competition to design a mural for the organizers' building was announced. Only seven submissions were received, all of which disappointed the jury. For the first time in the history of the award, neither the prize nor the commendation were awarded. In 1894, the executive board decided to proceed differently. Instead of awarding the prize, the award money was spent on acquiring the painting "The Snow" by George Hendrik Breitner
George Hendrik Breitner (12 September 1857 – 5 June 1923) was a Dutch painter and photographer. An important figure in Amsterdam Impressionism, he is noted especially for his paintings of street scenes and harbours in a realistic style. He pa ...
, a study trip for three Rijksacademie of Amsterdam students, and a small scholarship for Dutch artists living in London.
This decision upset both painters and the general public. This must be seen in the contemporary social context, because the Willink van Collenprijs had become a national institution.
As a consequence, a petition to protest this practice was signed by 29 artists, including famous names like Hendrik Willem Mesdag
Hendrik Willem Mesdag (23 February 1831 – 10 July 1915) was a Dutch marine painter.
Biography
He was born in Groningen, the son of the banker Klaas Mesdag and his wife Johanna Wilhelmina van Giffen. Mesdag was encouraged by his fath ...
, the brothers Jacob
Jacob (; ; ar, يَعْقُوب, Yaʿqūb; gr, Ἰακώβ, Iakṓb), later given the name Israel, is regarded as a patriarch of the Israelites and is an important figure in Abrahamic religions, such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. J ...
and Willem Maris
Willem Maris (18 February 1844 – 10 October 1910) was a Dutch landscape painter of the Hague School.
Biography
He was born in The Hague. Willem was the third in a family of five children. His two brothers Jacob and Matthijs Maris preceded him ...
, Paul Gabriël
Paul Joseph Constantin Gabriël or Paul Gabriël (5 July 1828 – 23 August 1903) was a painter, draftsman, watercolorist, and etcher who belonged to the Hague School.
Biography
Gabriël was born in Amsterdam, the son of the sculptor and paint ...
and Louis Apol. Giving in to the pressure, a competition was organized again in 1896. According to the new rules, there would only be a first prize, and no other places. In the years 1897, 1906, 1909 and 1910, multiple "first prizes" were awarded.
Because of political events, the award could not be written out consistently. After 71 years, it was awarded for the last time in 1950.
Some themes
Selected topics were expressed
* Among Friends – (1880),
* Genre scene from the Dutch family – (1884),
* Animal piece – (1886),
* Townscape – (1888),
* Figure Painting – (1889),
* A landscape upholstered – (1890),
* In the head – (1891),
* An event in the national history – (1892),
* Flat mural – (1893),
* River face – (1917),
* The life of Willem Zwijger – (1932)
* Summer – (1935).J. Knoef: ''Van Romantiek tot Realisme. Een bundel kunsthistorische opstellen.'' Den Haag 1947.
List of winners
Winners 1880–1893
*1880Nicolaas van der Waay
Nicolaas van der Waay (1855–1936) was a Dutch decorative artist, watercolorist
Watercolor (American English) or watercolour (British English; see spelling differences), also ''aquarelle'' (; from Italian diminutive of Latin ''aqua'' "wat ...
*1881 no first place
*1882 Ernst Witkamp
*1883 Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller
*1884 Wally Moes
*1885 Jan Hoynck van Papendrecht
*1886 Jan Voerman
*1887 Henry Luyten
Henry Luyten or Jan Hendrik Luyten (21 May 1859 in Roermond – 21 January 1945 in Brasschaat) was a Netherlands, Dutch-born Belgium, Belgian painter. He is known for his Genre aer, genre scenes, marines, landscapes, portraits and animal sce ...
*1888 Willem Bastiaan Tholen
*1889 Johannes Evert Hendrik Akkeringa
*1890 Johannes Graadt van Roggen
*1891 no first place
*1892 no first place
*1893 no prize
Winners from 1896–1950
*1896 Marius Bauer *1897 Minca Bosch Reitz, Theo Molkenboer, Johan Vlaanderen *1898 Gerrit Haverkamp *1904 Hendrik Jan Wolter *1905 Cornelis Vreedenburgh *1906 Barend Polvliet,Lizzy Ansingh
Maria Elisabeth Georgina Ansingh (13 March 1875 – 14 December 1959) was a Dutch painter.
Ansingh belonged to a group of female post-impressionist painters influenced by the Amsterdam Impressionism movement called the '' Amsterdamse Joffers''. ...
*1909 Johann Georg van Caspel, Chris van der Hoef, Georg Rueter, David Schulman
*1910 Elsa Woutersen-van Doesburgh, Marie van Hove, Bernard van Beek, Ed Gerdes
*1913 Gerard Johan Staller
*1914 Salomon Garf
*1917 Nicolas Friedrich Heinrich Cevat
*1937 Helena Elisabeth Goudeket
*1939 Theo Kurpershoek
*1946 Jacob (Jaap) Visser
*1950 Henk Willemse
Gallery of the most prize winners
Johan Thorn Prikker
Johan Thorn Prikker (6 June 1868, The Hague - 5 March 1932, Cologne) was a Dutch artist who worked in Germany after 1904. His activities were very eclectic, including architecture, lithography, furniture, stained-glass windows, mosaics, tapestries ...
: ''Soleil à midi''.
File:Smith Vissersvrouw.jpg, Hobbe Smith: ''Vissersvrouw''.
File:Willem Bastiaan Tholen - Zomers riviergezicht met zeilschepen.jpg, Willem Tholen: ''Zomers riviergezicht met zeilschepen''.
File:20140613 Rivierlandschap bij Giethoorn Willem Tholen.jpg, Willem Tholen: ''Rivierlandschap bij Giethoorn''.
File:Schilderij Terras 001.jpg, Nicolaas van der Waay: ''Schilderij Terras''.
File:JH Wijsmuller - Het uitzetten van de fuiken.jpg, Jan Hillebrand Wijsmuller: ''Looking at the fishing traps''.
File:Ernst Witkamp - Bezoek op het atelier.jpg, Ernst Witkamp: ''Bezoek op het atelier''.
File:Witsen A carriage at Waterloo Bridge.jpg, Willem Witsen: A carriage at Waterloo Bridge.
File:View of Hattem, by Jan Voerman.jpg, Jan Voerman: ''View of Hattem''.
File:Willem de Zwart - Straat in Montmartre, Parijs, bij winter.jpg, Willem de Zwart
Wilhelmus "Willem" Hendrikus Petrus Johannes de Zwart (16 May 1862 The Hague – 11 December 1931 The Hague) was a Dutch painter, engraver, and watercolorist with many connections to the Hague School and later associated with the Amsterda ...
(Rijksmuseum): ''Street at Montmartre''.
Notes
References
Bibliography
* Britta Bley: Vom Staat zur Nation: Zur Rolle der Kunst bei der Herausbildung eines Niederländischen Nationalbewußtseins im langen 19. Jahrhundert. LIT-Verlag, Münster 2004, . *De Bodt, Saskia and Sellink, Manfred. ''Nineteenth Century Dutch Watercolors and Drawings'', Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, 1998. * De Leeuw, Ronald et al. ''The Hague School Dutch Masters of the 19th Century'' (1983) *Sillevis, John, ''Dutch Drawings From the Age of Van Gogh'', Taft Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1992. *Sillevis, John and Tabak, Anne, ''The Hague School Book'', Waanders Uitgegevers, Zwolle, 2004. * Suyver, Renske. ''A Reflection of Holland: The Best of the Hague School in the Rijksmuseum'' (2011) *Müllerschön, Bernd and Maier, Thomas, ''Die Maler der Schule von Barbizon – Wegbereiter des Impressionismus'', Stuttgart, Ed. Thombe, 2002 * Lévêque, Jean-Jaques: ''L'AUBE DE IMPRESSIONNISME – 1848–1869'', ACR, Édition Internationale, Courbevoie, Paris, 2000, * Imanse, Geurt: ''Van Gogh bis Cobra: holländische Malerei 1880–1950''. Hatje, 1980, .External links
Hague School
Ausstellung "Malerei der Haager Schule"
(German)
Late Hague School
Dissertation Gabriele Schmid "Illusionsräume" (German) {{ACArt Dutch painting Realism (art movement) Impressionism Hague School Modernism Dutch artist groups and collectives