![Werneck Markt](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Werneck_Markt.JPG)
Werneck is a
market town
A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village or city. In Britain, small rural ...
in the
district of Schweinfurt in
Lower Franconia
Lower Franconia (german: Unterfranken) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of Franconia.
History
After the founding of the Kingdom of Bavaria the state was totally r ...
,
Bavaria
Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...
,
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
. It has a population of around 10,000 and is best known for its Baroque palace, Schloss Werneck.
Geography
Location
Werneck lies in the Lower Franconia region of Bavaria, approximately 12 km from
Schweinfurt
Schweinfurt ( , ; ) is a city in the district of Lower Franconia in Bavaria, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the surrounding district (''Landkreis'') of Schweinfurt and a major industrial, cultural and educational hub. The urban agg ...
and 25 km from
Würzburg
Würzburg (; Main-Franconian: ) is a city in the region of Franconia in the north of the German state of Bavaria. Würzburg is the administrative seat of the ''Regierungsbezirk'' Lower Franconia. It spans the banks of the Main River.
Würzburg is ...
. It is located on a bend in the
Wern
WERN (88.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Madison, Wisconsin. The station is part of Wisconsin Public Radio (WPR), and is the flagship of WPR's "NPR News and Classical Network", consisting of classical music and news and talk programming.
...
, a tributary of the
Main
Main may refer to:
Geography
* Main River (disambiguation)
**Most commonly the Main (river) in Germany
* Main, Iran, a village in Fars Province
*"Spanish Main", the Caribbean coasts of mainland Spanish territories in the 16th and 17th centuries
...
, on the edge of the plateau above the river. Its highest point is at 337.20 m of elevation, its lowest at 212.50 m. The total area of the municipality is 73.65 km², of which approximately 9 km² are wooded.
Subdivisions
Werneck has the following ''
Ortsteil
A village is a clustered human settlement or Residential community, community, larger than a hamlet (place), hamlet but smaller than a town (although the word is often used to describe both hamlets and smaller towns), with a population t ...
e'':
* Eckartshausen
* Egenhausen
* Ettleben
* Eßleben
* Mühlhausen
* Rundelshausen
* Schleerieth
* Schnackenwerth
* Schraudenbach
* Stettbach
* Vasbühl
* Werneck
* Zeuzleben
History
The first written record of Werneck is dated 10 August 1223, as a fief granted by Bodo of Ravensburg, confirmed by the Pope on 9 April 1223. Between 1224 and 1250, possession of the fief was shared between first the
Teutonic Knights
The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, commonly known as the Teutonic Order, is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. It was formed to aid Christians on ...
and later Conrad of Reichenberg and Conrad of Schmiedefeld, until it finally passed to the
Bishopric of Würzburg
In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop.
History
In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associate ...
. A fort located there was sacked in the
Peasants' War
This is a chronological list of conflicts in which peasants played a significant role.
Background
The history of peasant wars spans over two thousand years. A variety of factors fueled the emergence of the peasant revolt phenomenon, including:
...
in 1525 and then seized and burnt down by
Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
Albert II (german: Albrecht; 28 March 15228 January 1557) was the Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (Brandenburg-Bayreuth) from 1527 to 1553. He was a member of the Franconian branch of the House of Hohenzollern. Because of his bellicose nature, ...
in 1553. It was rebuilt in 1601 under Prince-Bishop
Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn
Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn (18 March 1545 – 9 September 1617) was Prince-Bishop of Würzburg from 1573. He was born in Mespelbrunn Castle, Spessart (Lower Franconia) and died in Würzburg.
Life
He was educated in Mainz, Leuven, D ...
, but was again destroyed by fire in 1723 and merely patched up in 1724.
The current
baroque
The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...
palace, Schloss Werneck, designed by
Balthasar Neumann, was built in 1733–45 by Prince Bishop
Friedrich Karl von Schönborn
Friedrich Karl von Schönborn (or Friedrich Carl, 1674–1746) was the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg and Prince-Bishop of Bamberg from 1729 to 1746. He also served as ''Reichsvizekanzler'' (Vice-Chancellor) of the Holy Roman Empire from 1705 to 17 ...
. For half a century it was, with
Veitshöchheim
Veitshöchheim is a municipality in the district of Würzburg, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Main, northwest of Würzburg. Veitshöchheim has a population just under 10,000. It includes two villages: Veitshöchheim ...
, a summer residence of the Bishops of Würzburg. On 28 November 1802, the last Prince-Bishop of Würzburg,
Georg Karl von Fechenbach, released his vassals there from their oaths of service and recommended them to the new regional overlord,
Maximilian, Prince-Elector of Bavaria.
In 1803, following
secularisation
In sociology, secularization (or secularisation) is the transformation of a society from close identification with religious values and institutions toward non-religious values and secular institutions. The ''secularization thesis'' expresses the ...
, Werneck became a Bavarian possession. In 1805 it was transferred to
Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the elements "protection", "peace" (PIE "to love, to make peace") or alternatively "journey, travel", Proto-Germanic , abstract noun from root "to fare, travel" (PIE , "to lead, pass over"), and "co ...
as part of the formation of the
Grand Duchy of Würzburg
The Grand Duchy of Würzburg (german: Großherzogtum Würzburg) was a German grand duchy centered on Würzburg existing in the early 19th century.
As a consequence of the 1801 Treaty of Lunéville, the Bishopric of Würzburg was secularized in ...
. The
Treaty of Paris Treaty of Paris may refer to one of many treaties signed in Paris, France:
Treaties
1200s and 1300s
* Treaty of Paris (1229), which ended the Albigensian Crusade
* Treaty of Paris (1259), between Henry III of England and Louis IX of France
* Trea ...
in 1814 returned it to Bavaria.
Beginning in 1853, the palace was converted into a hospital for the mentally ill, the ''Unterfränkische Landes-Irrenanstalt'' (Lower Franconian State Asylum), which opened on 1 October 1855. Its first director was
Bernhard von Gudden
Johann Bernhard Aloys von Gudden (7 June 1824 – 13 June 1886) was a German neuroanatomist and psychiatrist born in Kleve.
Career
In 1848, von Gudden earned his doctorate from the University of Halle and became an intern at the asylum in Siegbu ...
(who later wrote the clinical assessment which justified deposing
King Ludwig II
Ludwig II (Ludwig Otto Friedrich Wilhelm; 25 August 1845 – 13 June 1886) was King of Bavaria from 1864 until his death in 1886. He is sometimes called the Swan King or ('the Fairy Tale King'). He also held the titles of Count Palatine of the ...
and who drowned with him in
Lake Starnberg
Lake Starnberg, or ''Starnberger See'' ) — called Lake Würm, or ''Würmsee'' , until 1962 — is Germany's second-largest body of fresh water, having great depth, and fifth-largest lake by area. It and its surroundings lie in three different Ba ...
). The hospital is thus one of the oldest psychiatric institutions in Germany. In 1940, the approximately 800 patients were murdered on the orders of
Otto Hellmuth
Otto Hellmuth (22 July 1896 – 20 April 1968) was a member of the Nazi Party and the ''Gauleiter'' in Lower Franconia (''Unterfranken'') from 1928 to 1945.
Early life
Born at Markt Einersheim, during World War I he entered service as a Kri ...
,
Gauleiter
A ''Gauleiter'' () was a regional leader of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) who served as the head of a ''Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany, Gau'' or ''Reichsgau''. ''Gauleiter'' was the third-highest Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party, rank in ...
of
Mainfranken, as part of the Nazi elimination of mentally ill and handicapped people,
Action T4
(German, ) was a campaign of mass murder by involuntary euthanasia in Nazi Germany. The term was first used in post-war trials against doctors who had been involved in the killings. The name T4 is an abbreviation of 4, a street address of ...
.
Demographics
Werneck is predominantly Roman Catholic. A Jewish congregation existed in Werneck from the 16th century until 1904.
Culture and sights
Buildings
* Schloss Werneck - The grounds of the palace, including the Baroque garden and English-style park, may be visited, as may part of the palace, chiefly the chapel, which dates to 1744.
* Former palace in Vasbühl, built in 1677
* Fortified churches in Schleerieth und Schnackenwerth
The
tithe barn
A tithe barn was a type of barn used in much of northern Europe in the Middle Ages for storing rents and tithes. Farmers were required to give one-tenth of their produce to the established church. Tithe barns were usually associated with the vi ...
(built in 1628) was converted into a church in 1856. There has been a
parish
A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or m ...
since 1910; a new parish church was consecrated in 1967. The Church of St. Bartholomew in Zeuzleben was built in 1753–1754.
Others
* Sandstone shrines
*
Merovingian
The Merovingian dynasty () was the ruling family of the Franks from the middle of the 5th century until 751. They first appear as "Kings of the Franks" in the Roman army of northern Gaul. By 509 they had united all the Franks and northern Gauli ...
cemetery in Zeuzleben
Das Merowingische Gräberfeld von Zeuzleben
retrieved 13 June 2011
Music
The ''Musikverein Werneck'' has a wind band and a young people's wind band, and a variety of beginners' musical groups.
The ''Bayerische Kammerorchester Bad Brückenau'' (Bad Brückenau
Bad Brückenau () is a spa town in Bad Kissingen district in northwestern Bavaria in the Rhön Mountains.
Geography
Bad Brückenau is in the tree-lined Sinn valley, in the western Rhön Mountains – this river being a tributary of the Main ...
Chamber Orchestra of Bavaria) was founded in 1979 as the ''Kammerorchester Schloß Werneck'' (Schloss Werneck Chamber Orchestra) and was formerly based in Werneck.
Economy
Although the villages within the municipality of Werneck are still agricultural in character, there have been several decades of economic dependency on industries in Schweinfurt, to which many residents commute. In 1998, the municipality had 8 agricultural and forestry jobs, 595 production jobs and 228 trade and transport jobs subject to social insurance
Social insurance is a form of Social protection, social welfare that provides insurance against economic risks. The insurance may be provided publicly or through the subsidizing of private insurance. In contrast to other forms of Welfare, soci ...
; 1,555 were employed there in other fields. A total of 3,559 residents held jobs subject to social insurance. There were 2 businesses engaged in the harvesting of natural resources (such as mining and quarrying) and 10 in construction. In addition in 1999 there were 195 agricultural businesses, utilising 6,382 km², of which 5,681 km² was cropland and 672 km² permanently planted (pasturage, orchards, etc.)
Infrastructure
Transport
Werneck is located at the Werneck Autobahn junction, where the A 7 and A 70 merge; in addition, the A 71 has passed close by since its Werntal connection to the A 70 opened in November 2005. Bundesstraße
''Bundesstraße'' (German for "federal highway"), abbreviated ''B'', is the denotation for German and Austrian national highways.
Germany
Germany's ''Bundesstraßen'' network has a total length of about 40,000 km.
German ''Bundesstraßen'' ...
n B 19, B 26 and B 26a pass through Werneck. On 16 December 2007 the Werneck bypass on the B 19 was opened.
There is a railway station on the Schweinfurt - Würzburg line in the centre of Eßleben and another very close to Werneck proper, on its border with Waigolshausen. The Werntalbahn (Wern Valley Railway), now used mainly for goods traffic, runs through the municipality.
Health care
Today the psychiatric clinic (''Krankenhaus für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin Schloss Werneck'') is operated by the Administrative Region
Administrative division, administrative unit,Article 3(1). country subdivision, administrative region, subnational entity, constituent state, as well as many similar terms, are generic names for geographical areas into which a particular, ind ...
of Lower Franconia and serves northeast Lower Franconia (Schweinfurt, Hassberge, Rhön-Grabfeld, Bad Kissingen and Kitzingen, with a total population of 500,000) with a modern 290-bed building, while the palace houses the Lower Franconia orthopaedic
Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics ( alternatively spelt orthopaedics), is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal ...
clinic (''Orthopädische Klinik Schloss Werneck''), one of the largest such facilities in Germany, with 153 beds. There are also care homes for psychiatric and senile dementia patients (''Albert-Schweitzer-Haus'', ''Haus Erthal'' and ''Haus Schönborn'') on the grounds. Together these facilities are the largest source of employment in Werneck.
Education
In 1999, Werneck had 459 kindergarten spaces with 434 pupils, two Volksschule
The German term ''Volksschule'' generally refers to compulsory education, denoting an educational institution every person (i.e. the people, ''Volk'') is required to attend.
In Germany and Switzerland it is equivalent to a combined primary (' ...
n with 973 pupils and the Lower Franconian school of nursing.
Notable people
* Friedrich Fehr (1862-1927), artist
* Harald Ganzinger
Harald Ganzinger (31 October 1950, Werneck – 3 June 2004, Saarbrücken) was a German computer scientist who together with Leo Bachmair developed the superposition calculus, which is (as of 2007) used in most of the state-of-the-art automated ...
(1950-2004), computer scientist
* Gerhard Launer (born 1949), aerial photographer
* (born 1960), film and TV director
* (born 1969), mayor of Schweinfurt
* Jesse Schmitt (born 1972), American educator
* Christian Wück (born 1973), former footballer and since 2002 coach
* (born 1975), actor
* (born 1977), author (non-fiction)
* (born 1984), ice hockey player
References
* Manfred Fuchs. ''Chronik der jüdischen Gemeinde von Werneck. Spuren jüdischen Lebens 1677–1904. Werneck: Historisches Verein Markt Werneck, 2010
External links
*
Historischer Verein Markt Werneck
(Historical Society)
Denkmale in Werneck
(Monuments) (requires agreement with terms of service)
in ''Meyers Konversations-Lexikon
' or ' was a major encyclopedia in the German language that existed in various editions, and by several titles, from 1839 to 1984, when it merged with the '.
Joseph Meyer (1796–1856), who had founded the publishing house in 1826, intended t ...
'', 4th ed. (1885–1892)
{{Authority control
Schweinfurt (district)