Warren, also known as Karri Forest Region and the Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands

ecoregion An ecoregion (ecological region) or ecozone (ecological zone) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm. Ecoregions cover relatively large areas o ...

, is a biogeographic region in southern

Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to ...

. Located in the southwest corner of Western Australia between

Cape Naturaliste Cape Naturaliste is a headland in the south western region of Western Australia at the western edge of the Geographe Bay. It is the northernmost point of the Leeuwin-Naturaliste Ridge which was named after the cape. Also the Leeuwin-Naturalis ...

and Albany, it is bordered to the north and east by the

Jarrah Forest Jarrah forest is tall open forest in which the dominant overstory tree is '' Eucalyptus marginata'' (jarrah). The ecosystem occurs only in the Southwest Botanical Province of Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is ...

region. Its defining characteristic is an extensive tall forest of '' Eucalyptus diversicolor'' (karri). This occurs on dissected, hilly ground, with a moderately wet climate. Karri is a valuable

timber Lumber is wood that has been processed into dimensional lumber, including Beam (structure), beams and plank (wood), planks or boards, a stage in the process of wood production. Lumber is mainly used for construction framing, as well as fini ...

and much of the karri forest has been logged over, but less than a third has been cleared for agriculture. Recognised as a region under the

Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia The Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) is a biogeographic regionalisation of Australia developed by the Australian government's Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population, and Communities. It was deve ...

(IBRA), and as a terrestrial ecoregion by the

World Wide Fund for Nature The World Wide Fund for Nature Inc. (WWF) is an international non-governmental organization founded in 1961 that works in the field of wilderness preservation and the reduction of human impact on the environment. It was formerly named the Wor ...

, it was first defined by

Ludwig Diels Dr. Friedrich Ludwig Emil Diels (24 September 1874 – 30 November 1945) was a German botanist. Diels was born in Hamburg, the son of the classical scholar Hermann Alexander Diels. From 1900 to 1902 he traveled together with Ernst Georg Pr ...

in 1906.

Geography and geology

The Warren region is defined as the coastal sandplain between Cape Naturaliste and Albany. Extending from the ocean to the edge of the Yilgarn craton

plateau In geology and physical geography, a plateau (; ; ), also called a high plain or a tableland, is an area of a highland consisting of flat terrain that is raised sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side. Often one or more sides ...

, for most of its extent it may be adequately approximated as the land within ten kilometres (6 mi) of the coast. North of Point D'Entrecasteaux, however, it extends inland almost as far as Nannup and Manjimup. It has an area of about 8,300 square kilometres (3200 mi²), making it about 2.7% of the South West Province, 0.3% of the state, and 0.1% of Australia. It is bounded to the north and east by the

region. Much of the region is unpopulated, but there are a number of towns with substantial populations, most notably Margaret River, Augusta, Pemberton, Walpole,

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark , establishe ...

and Albany. IBRA 6

Warren has a hilly topography, caused by two factors: the underlying geology, which consists of infolded

metamorphic rock Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock to new types of rock in a process called metamorphism. The original rock ( protolith) is subjected to temperatures greater than and, often, elevated pressure of or more, cau ...

of the

Leeuwin Complex Leeuwin (Dutch for "lioness") may refer to: Places * Cape Leeuwin, the most south-westerly point of Australia * Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park, the national park in which Cape Leeuwin is located * Leeuwin Barracks, formerly HMAS ''Leeuwin'' ( ...

and Archaean

granite Granite () is a coarse-grained ( phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. It forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly cools and solidifies und ...

of the Albany-Fraser Orogen; and the dissection of rivers such as the

Blackwood Blackwood may refer to: Botany * African blackwood ('' Dalbergia melanoxylon''), a timber tree of Africa * African blackwood (''Erythrophleum africanum''), ('' Peltophorum africanum'') also Rhodesian blackwood, trees from Africa * Australian bla ...

, Warren, Shannon and Frankland. The western extent of the region takes in the

Leeuwin-Naturaliste Ridge Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park is a national park in the South West region of Western Australia, south of Perth. It is named after the two locations at either end of the park which have lighthouses, Cape Leeuwin and Cape Naturaliste. It is ...

, an 80 kilometre (50 mi) long strip of coastal

limestone Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms wh ...

on top of a ridge of

, with an extensive

cave A cave or cavern is a natural void in the ground, specifically a space large enough for a human to enter. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. The word ''cave'' can refer to smaller openings such as sea ...

system. There are a number of soil types, including hard setting loamy soil, lateritic soil, leached sandy soil and

Holocene The Holocene ( ) is the current geological epoch. It began approximately 11,650 cal years Before Present (), after the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene togeth ...

marine dunes.

Climate

Warren has a moderate

Mediterranean climate A Mediterranean climate (also called a dry summer temperate climate ''Cs'') is a temperate climate sub-type, generally characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, fairly wet winters; these weather conditions are typically experienced in the ...

. It has the highest rainfall in the state, with annual falls of from 650 to 1500 millimetres (25.6–59.1 in), and a short dry season of only three to four months.

Vegetation and flora

The characteristic vegetation of the Warren region is the karri ''( Eucalyptus diversicolor)'', at 90m the tallest trees in Australia, in association with the three tingle trees, which are endemic to this coast: rates tingle ''( E. brevistylis)'', red tingle ''( E. jacksonii)'' and yellow tingle ''( E. guilfoylei)''. Karri has a thick undergrowth of flowers and shrubs such as coral vine ''( Kennedia coccinea)''. The most important plant families are Fabaceae (including the colourful wisteria, ''

Hardenbergia comptoniana ''Hardenbergia comptoniana'' is a species of flowering plant in the pea family, Fabaceae, native to Western Australia. It is known as native wisteria, a name also used for ''Austrocallerya megasperma''. A twining vine, it produces purple flo ...

''),

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...

, Mimosaceae,

Myrtaceae Myrtaceae, the myrtle family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, and eucalyptus are some notable members of this group. All spe ...

and Proteaceae. The karri forest occurs in deep loam, and covers nearly half of the region. Although very moist in winter, it is not considered to be a

rainforest Rainforests are characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforest can be classified as tropical rainforest or temperate rainfo ...

because the dry season precludes the establishment of a characteristic rainforest understory of epiphytes,

liverwort The Marchantiophyta () are a division of non-vascular land plants commonly referred to as hepatics or liverworts. Like mosses and hornworts, they have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle, in which cells of the plant carry only a single set of ...

fern A fern (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta ) is a member of a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. The polypodiophytes include all living pteridophytes except ...

s and

moss Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta (, ) '' sensu stricto''. Bryophyta ('' sensu lato'', Schimp. 1879) may also refer to the parent group bryophytes, which comprise liverworts, mosses, and ...

es. Some rainforest relict species do occur, however, such as '' Anthocercis sylvicola'', Albany pitcher plant ''( Cephalotus follicularis)'' and wild plum ''( Podocarpus drouynianus)''. The poorer, lateritic soils, about a quarter of the region, are vegetated by medium forest of jarrah ''(

Eucalyptus marginata ''Eucalyptus marginata'', commonly known as jarrah, djarraly in Noongar language and historically as Swan River mahogany, is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a tree with roug ...

)'', which can grow up to 40m tall, and marri ''(

Corymbia calophylla ''Corymbia calophylla'', commonly known as marri, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a tree or mallee with rough bark on part or all of the trunk, lance-shaped ad ...

)'' (up to 60m). Other significant vegetation forms include low woodland of ''E. marginata'' and ''

Banksia ''Banksia'' is a genus of around 170 species in the plant family Proteaceae. These Australian wildflowers and popular garden plants are easily recognised by their characteristic flower spikes, and fruiting "cones" and heads. ''Banksias'' rang ...

'' species (8%); ''

Agonis flexuosa ''Agonis flexuosa'' is a species of tree that grows in the south west of Western Australia. It is easily the most common of the '' Agonis'' species, and is one of the most recognisable trees of Western Australia, being commonly grown in park ...

'' woodlands or scrub on

marine dunes (5%); and swamps supporting

sedge The Cyperaceae are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as sedges. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the "true sedges" genus '' Carex'' ...

s (5%) or low woodlands of ''

Melaleuca ''Melaleuca'' () is a genus of nearly 300 species of plants in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, commonly known as paperbarks, honey-myrtles or tea-trees (although the last name is also applied to species of '' Leptospermum''). They range in size ...

'' (4%). As of 2007, the Warren is known to contain 1865 indigenous vascular plant species, and a further 419 naturalised alien species. The endangered flora of the Warren region consists of 28 species, with a further 160 species having been declared Priority Flora under the Department of Environment and Conservation's

Declared Rare and Priority Flora List The Declared Rare and Priority Flora List is the system by which Western Australia's conservation flora are given a priority. Developed by the Government of Western Australia's Department of Environment and Conservation, it was used extensively w ...

. The region is considered one of the most important centres of plant endemism in the South West. As well as the three tingle trees other species endemic to the region include '' Corymbia ficifolia'' (red flowering gum). The area around Albany is especially rich in endemics such as ''Cephalotus follicularis''. Warren Ecoregion En

Fauna

The Warren region supports a rich diversity of fauna, much of which is apparently

Gondwana Gondwana () was a large landmass, often referred to as a supercontinent, that formed during the late Neoproterozoic (about 550 million years ago) and began to break up during the Jurassic period (about 180 million years ago). The final st ...

n in origin. Mammal species include the western ringtail possum (''Pseudocheirus occidentalis''),

chuditch The western quoll (''Dasyurus geoffroii'') is Western Australia's largest endemic mammalian carnivore. One of the many marsupial mammals native to Australia, it is also known as the chuditch. The species is currently classed as near-threatened. ...

(''Dasyurus geoffroii'') (particularly found in Jarrah forest), the squirrel-like brush-tailed phascogale (''Phascogale tapoatafa''), quokka (''Setonix brachyurus''), yellow-footed antechinus (''Antechinus flavipes leucogaster''), southern brown bandicoot (''Isoodon obesulus''), and woylie (''Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi''). The first four of these are endangered species and numbers of many of the indigenous marsupials have declined as their habitats are removed and altered. As with the rest of southwest Australia, in contrast to comparable forest of the south east, there is a low diversity of bird species. Endemism is similarly low, as most South West bird species are habitat generalists with wide distributions. Exceptions include the

red-eared firetail The red-eared firetail (''Stagonopleura oculata''), also known as the boorin, is a small finch-like species of bird. It occurs in dense wetland vegetation of coastal to sub-coastal regions in Southwest Australia. Its appearance is considered appe ...

(''Stagonopleura oculata'') and the white-breasted robin (''Eopsaltria georgiana''), both of which occur only in the karri forest; the western bristlebird (''Dasyornis longirostris''), western whipbird (''Psophodes nigrogularis nigrogularis'') and western ground parrot (''Pezoporus wallicus flaviventris''), all of which inhabit the region's heath vegetation; and the noisy scrub-bird (''Atrichornis clamosus''), which inhabits densely vegetated gullies. Other forest birds include the purple-crowned lorikeet. Insects include an endemic spider ''

Moggridgea tingle ''Bertmainius tingle'', also called the tingle trapdoor spider, is a small Basal (phylogenetics), basal spider endemic to the Eucalyptus jacksonii, tingle and Eucalyptus diversicolor, karri forest of Southwest_Australia, southwestern Western Au ...

''. The freshwater streams of the Warren region support only a low diversity of fauna, but much of it is highly endemic. A number of frog species are endemic or nearly so, including the

orange-bellied frog ''Anstisia vitellina'', commonly known as the orange-bellied frog, is a species of frog in the family Myobatrachidae. It is endemic to a 20 hectare area near Margaret River, Western Australia, Margaret River in Southwest Australia. It is Vulnerab ...

(''Geocrinia vitellina''), the

white-bellied frog ''Anstisia alba'', commonly known as the white-bellied frog, is a small frog in the family Myobatrachidae. It occupies an area near Margaret River in swampy depressions adjoining creeks. Threats from altered ecology have made this a critically ...

(''Geocrinia alba''), and the

sunset frog ''Spicospina'' is a genus of ground-dwelling frogs in the family Myobatrachidae Myobatrachidae, commonly known as Australian ground frogs or Australian water frogs, is a family of frogs found in Australia and New Guinea. Members of this fa ...

(''Spicospina flammocaerulea''). Endemic freshwater

invertebrate Invertebrates are a paraphyletic group of animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a ''backbone'' or ''spine''), derived from the notochord. This is a grouping including all animals apart from the chordate ...

s include

worm Worms are many different distantly related bilateral animals that typically have a long cylindrical tube-like body, no limbs, and no eyes (though not always). Worms vary in size from microscopic to over in length for marine polychaete worm ...

s of the family Phreodrilidea, and

crayfish Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the clade Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. In some locations, they are also known as crawfish, craydids, crawdaddies, crawdads, freshwater lobsters, mountain lobsters, rock lobsters, ...

of the genera '' Cherax'' and '' Engaewa''.

Land use

The Warren region falls entirely within what the Department of Agriculture and Food calls the "Intensive Land-use Zone" (ILZ), the area of Western Australia that has been largely cleared and developed for intensive agriculture such as cropping and livestock production. Despite this, only a small amount of the region's natural vegetation has been cleared and given over to agriculture. The proportion of cleared land was calculated as 13.2% in 2002, although Beard gave a much larger figure of 31% in 1984. The remaining land is considered to be native vegetation, but this need not be pristine; a substantial proportion of the remaining native vegetation has been degraded by selective logging and other human activities. Valley of the giants skywalk

Historically, logging was the primary land use in the region, and this remains a significant industry. There has been substantial selective logging in the region, and some clearfelling. There has also previously been some

bauxite Bauxite is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Bauxite consists mostly of the aluminium minerals gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)) and diaspore (α-AlO(O ...

mining in the area, but this has now ceased, and the mining areas are at least partially reforested. Dams have also been constructed in high-rainfall forest areas. The most important land uses for the region are now biodiversity conservation and tourism. More than half of the remaining vegetation is now in protected areas, including

Shannon National Park Shannon National Park is a national park on the south coast of Western Australia, south of Perth and southeast of Manjimup. It was declared a national park in 1988. The park covers the entire Shannon River basin. It is part of the larger Walp ...

, D'Entrecasteaux National Park, Mount Frankland National Park, Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park and Walpole-Nornalup National Park. These contain numerous tourist attractions, most notably the Walpole-Nornalup National Park's Valley of the Giants, which includes a "Tree Top Walk".

Conservation

The main threat to the biodiversity of the Warren region is the South West's epidemic of dieback, a disease caused by the introduced plant

pathogen In biology, a pathogen ( el, πάθος, "suffering", "passion" and , "producer of") in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a ger ...

Phytophthora cinnamomi ''Phytophthora cinnamomi'' is a soil-borne water mould that produces an infection which causes a condition in plants variously called " root rot", "dieback", or (in certain ''Castanea'' species), "ink disease". The plant pathogen is one of the w ...

''. Introduced animals such as

feral cat A feral cat or a stray cat is an unowned domestic cat (''Felis catus'') that lives outdoors and avoids human contact: it does not allow itself to be handled or touched, and usually remains hidden from humans. Feral cats may breed over dozens ...

fox Foxes are small to medium-sized, omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae. They have a flattened skull, upright, triangular ears, a pointed, slightly upturned snout, and a long bushy tail (or ''brush''). Twelv ...

es and

rat Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents. Species of rats are found throughout the order Rodentia, but stereotypical rats are found in the genus ''Rattus''. Other rat genera include ''Neotoma'' ( pack rats), ''Bandicota'' (bandicoot ...

s prey on native wildlife and occupy

ecological niche In ecology, a niche is the match of a species to a specific environmental condition. Three variants of ecological niche are described by It describes how an organism or population responds to the distribution of resources and competitors (fo ...

s to the detriment of native species. Populations are controlled through 1080 baiting as part of the highly successful Western Shield program. Other threats include human activities related to infrastructure and

silviculture Silviculture is the practice of controlling the growth, composition/structure, and quality of forests to meet values and needs, specifically timber production. The name comes from the Latin ('forest') and ('growing'). The study of forests and wo ...

, such as roads changing

surface runoff Surface runoff (also known as overland flow) is the flow of water occurring on the ground surface when excess rainwater, stormwater, meltwater, or other sources, can no longer sufficiently rapidly infiltrate in the soil. This can occur when the ...

patterns, and changes to the

fire regime A fire regime is the pattern, frequency, and intensity of the bushfires and wildfires that prevail in an area over long periods of time. It is an integral part of fire ecology, and renewal for certain types of ecosystems. A fire regime describes t ...

. Because so much of the Warren region is already protected, it has low priority under Australia's National Reserve System.

Protected areas

45.47% of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Protected areas include:"Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands". DOPA Explorer. Accessed 29 April 2022

/ref> *

Boorara-Gardner National Park Boorara-Gardner National Park is a national park in the South West region of Western Australia, south of Perth. It is located in the Shire of Manjimup and borders D'Entrecasteaux National Park and Shannon National Park. Boorara-Gardner Nation ...

Boyndaminup National Park Boyndaminup National Park is a national park in Western Australia. It is located in the Shire of Manjimup in the South West region. It was designated in 2004, and covers an area of 54.43 km2. Geography The park lies west of Lake Muir. It consis ...

Bramley National Park Wooditjup National Park, formerly Bramley National Park, is a national park in the South West region of Western Australia, south of Perth. It is located adjacent to the town of Margaret River in the Shire of Augusta-Margaret River. It is loca ...

* Brockman National Park * D'Entrecasteaux National Park *

Easter National Park Easter National Park is a national park in the South West region of Western Australia, south of Perth. It is located adjacent to the east of the much larger Hilliger and Milyeannup national parks, in the Shire of Nannup. The majority of the ...

Forest Grove National Park Forest Grove National Park is a national park in the South West region of Western Australia, south of Perth. It is located in the Shire of Augusta-Margaret River. To the east of the national park lies an unnamed national park (WA46400), which ...

* Gloucester National Park * Greater Beedelup National Park *

Greater Dordagup National Park Greater Dordagup National Park is a national park in the South West (Western Australia), South West region of Western Australia, south of Perth. It is located in the Shire of Manjimup with the South Western Highway running through the park. To ...

Greater Hawke National Park Greater Hawke National Park, also referred to as Hawke National Park, is a national park in the South West (Western Australia), South West region of Western Australia, south of Perth. It is located in the Shire of Manjimup. To the south, it bor ...

Hilliger National Park Hilliger National Park is a national park in the South West region of Western Australia, south of Perth. It is located in the Shire of Nannup, with the Milyeannup National Park bordering to the north and the Easter National Park to the east. ...

Jane National Park Jane National Park is a national park in the South West region of Western Australia, south of Perth. It is located adjacent to the west of the much larger Shannon National Park, in the Shire of Manjimup. It is located in the Warren bioregio ...

* Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park * Mount Frankland National Park *

Mount Frankland North National Park Mount Frankland North National Park is a national park in the South West Region of Western Australia. It was designated in 2004, and covers an area of 220.69 km2. It is part of the larger Walpole Wilderness Area The Walpole Wilderness Area is ...

* Mount Frankland South National Park * Mount Lindesay National Park *

Mount Mason Nature Reserve Mount is often used as part of the name of specific mountains, e.g. Mount Everest. Mount or Mounts may also refer to: Places * Mount, Cornwall, a village in Warleggan parish, England * Mount, Perranzabuloe, a hamlet in Perranzabuloe parish ...

* Mount Roe National Park *

Mount Shadforth Nature Reserve Mount is often used as part of the name of specific mountains, e.g. Mount Everest. Mount or Mounts may also refer to: Places * Mount, Cornwall, a village in Warleggan parish, England * Mount, Perranzabuloe, a hamlet in Perranzabuloe parish, Co ...

* Sir James Mitchell National Park * Scott National Park *

* Torndirrup National Park * Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve * Walpole-Nornalup National Park * Warren National Park * West Cape Howe National Park *

William Bay National Park William Bay National Park is a national park in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, southeast of Perth and between the towns of Denmark and Walpole. Description Situated approximately west of Denmark, William Bay National Park ...

Biogeography

The Warren region first appeared in

' 1906 biogeographical regionalisation of Western Australia. Diels' concept of Warren region was effectively all the land south of a line from Albany to Busselton; thus it included a substantial area east of Margaret River that is now part of the Jarrah Forest region. The region was not recognised as one of

Edward de Courcy Clarke Edward de Courcy Clarke (10 November 1880 – 30 November 1956), was a teacher, researcher and field geologist, winner of the Clarke Medal in 1954. Biography Clarke was born in Waimate North, New Zealand, and studied at the University of Aucklan ...

's "natural regions" in 1926, but was resurrected in Charles Gardner's regionalisations of the 1940s and 1950s. In 1980,

John Stanley Beard John Stanley Beard (15 February 1916 – 17 February 2011) was a British-born forester and ecologist who resided in Australia. Beard studied at the University of Oxford where he completed his doctoral thesis on tropical forestry. While working ...

published a phytogeographical regionalisation of the state based on data from the

Vegetation Survey of Western Australia The Vegetation Survey of Western Australia commenced as a project of the Department of Geography of the University of Western Australia to provide vegetation maps for the state on the scales of 1:250,000 and 1:1,000,000. There were some offshoo ...

. This new regionalisation included a "Warren Botanical District" that is essentially identical with the present-day Warren. By 1984, Beard's phytogeographic regions were being presented more generally as "natural regions", and as such were given more widely recognisable names. Thus the "Warren Botanical District" became the "Karri Forest Region". When the IBRA was published in the 1990s, Beard's regionalisation was used as the baseline for Western Australia. The Warren region was accepted as defined by Beard, but reverted to the name "Warren". It has since survived a number of revisions. When the IBRA subregions were introduced in IBRA Version 6.1, the whole of Warren was defined as a single subregion. Under the

World Wildlife Fund The World Wide Fund for Nature Inc. (WWF) is an international non-governmental organization founded in 1961 that works in the field of wilderness preservation and the reduction of human impact on the environment. It was formerly named the Wor ...

's biogeographic regionalisation of the world's terrestrial surface into " ecoregions", the Warren region is equivalent to the Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands ecoregion of the

Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub is a biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. The biome is generally characterized by dry summers and rainy winters, although in some areas rainfall may be uniform. Summers are typically hot in ...

biome A biome () is a biogeographical unit consisting of a biological community that has formed in response to the physical environment in which they are found and a shared regional climate. Biomes may span more than one continent. Biome is a broader ...