W.N. Ashbee

William Neville Ashbee (1852 – 30 April 1919) was an English railway architect notable for stations on the Great Eastern Railway, including the London terminus at Liverpool Street Station.

Career

The son of John Ashbee, who was the first stationmaster of the Great Western station at Gloucester, Ashbee was articled as an architect to Alfred Maberley, the Diocesan Surveyor for Gloucester (the place of his birth) and became his assistant in 1872. In 1874 he joined the engineering firm of Edward Wilson & Co working on the construction of Liverpool Street Station and, while with the firm, designed most of the new Great Eastern Railway stations built in that period, working with John Wilson as engineer. In 1882 he was promoted to Head of the Architects' Department. In 1883 Wilson resigned from the firm to join the GER as chief engineer and Ashbee followed him. as the head of the architectural department of the GER from 1883, a position he held until 1916.Conserving the Railway Heritage
p178, eds Peter Burmann & Michael Stratton, accessed 31 August 2015 His major early work after appointment was the elaborate Norwich Thorpe station, built in 1884–6 in a "Free Renaissance" style. He later worked with John Wilson as the architect for the 1894 expansion of Liverpool Street Station, built in neo Tudor style. When Liverpool Street was rebuilt in the 1980s, the quality of the original brickwork and detailing, said to be of a higher standard than characterised by Wilson's work, was praised.

Following his appointment to the GER in 1883 Ashbee started to adopt the "Domestic Revival" style of architecture which had been used by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway on its new lines in Sussex in the early 1880s. His earliest work in this style was the Up Side at Ingatestone railway station in 1884/5, followed by Wivenhoe and Frinton stations in 1886 and 1888.

Ashbee was the creator of the ''New Essex'' style, later known as the ''Ashbee style''; this was named after the 15 stations which Ashbee designed for the Shenfield to Southend Line and the Crouch Valley Line, the so-called "New Essex" lines, which were opened in 1888/9. These reflected a standardisation of his Domestic Revival style across several common plans, characterized by red brick, tiled gables and elaborate timber canopies. Trimley railway station was one of only two stations outside Essex to be built in this style. The brick and gables often featured also on the cottages built close to stations for their staff.

His smaller stations of the 1890s were however plainer in style, although red brick remained a feature, while other stations of this decade, such as Chappel and Buckhurst Hill, were quite different. He returned however to the more elaborate style closely related to the New Essex style for his work in the early 1900s on the Yarmouth–Lowestoft Line and Fairlop Loop.

Wolferton station was built to serve the Royal Family’s Sandringham estate and included a suite of Tudor-style royal reception and retiring rooms as well as a spacious carriage dock and a small gasworks, which lit the entire station.

He became an associate in 1881 and a fellow in 1890 of the Royal Institute of British Architects.

Stations by Ashbee

Notable stations

Ashbee was responsible for many stations on the Great Eastern Railway, some of which are now listed buildings. His more notable works include:

File:Liverpool Street Station 1896.jpg, * Liverpool Street (1896)
file:2013 at Colchester - up side buildings.jpg, * Colchester
File:2012 at Felixstowe station - forecourt.jpg, * Felixstowe
File:Norwich Station - geograph.org.uk - 1067457.jpg, * Norwich (1993)
File:Hertfordeastentrance.jpg, * Hertford East
File:Manningtree station in 2013 - up side exterior.JPG, * Manningtree
File:Southend Victoria railway station.JPG, * Southend Victoria
File:Ingatestone railway station (1846) (geograph 3493816).jpg, * Ingatestone
File:Wolferton signal box (1).jpg, * Wolferton
File:Buckhurst Hill stn building.JPG, * Buckhurst Hill

New Essex stations

Shenfield to Southend Line

The stations on this line are still substantially as built by Ashbee:

File:Wickford station.jpg, * Wickford
File:Rayleigh Station - geograph.org.uk - 333112.jpg, * Rayleigh
File:Rochford railway station - geograph.org.uk - 920510.jpg, * Rochford
File:Prittlewell railway station - geograph.org.uk - 918438.jpg, * Prittlewell

* Shenfield

* Billericay

* Hockley

* Southend Victoria

Crouch Valley Line

Most of the original Ashbee buildings on this line were demolished in 1968, although some parts of Burnham and Southminster remain:

* Battlesbridge

* South Woodham Ferrers

* North Fambridge

* Althorne

File:Burnham on crouch rail station 1940145 a0c3fec5.jpg, * Burnham-on-Crouch
File:Southminster railway station 1.jpg, * Southminster

Fairlop Loop

Six original stations on the Fairlop Loop of the Central Line, but originally part of the Great Eastern, were designed by Ashbee:

* Chigwell
* BarkingsideLabyrinth: A Journey Through London's Underground
by Mark Wallinger, p179, accessed 31 August 2015
*Grange Hill

* Hainault
*Fairlop
*Newbury Park tube station

File:Chigwell stn building.JPG,
File:Fairlop stn building.JPG,
File:Barkingside full stn building.JPG,

Personal

Ashbee was living at Rose Valley House in Brentwood, Essex at the time of his death in April 1919.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashbee, William
1852 births
1919 deaths
Architects from Gloucestershire
People from Gloucester
British railway architects
Great Eastern Railway people
Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects
Associates of the Royal Institute of British Architects