Vulcan (; formerly ''Jiu-Vaidei-Vulcan''; hu, Vulkán, ''Zsilyvajdejvulkán'' (''Zsily-Vajdej-Vulkán''); german: Wolkendorf, Wulkan) is a

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

Hunedoara County Hunedoara County () is a county ('' județ'') of Romania, in Transylvania, with its capital city at Deva. The county is part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion. Name In Hungarian, it is known as , in German as , and in Slovak ...

Transylvania Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the Ap ...

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

. With a population of 24,160, it is the second-largest city in the

Jiu Valley The Jiu Valley ( ro, Valea Jiului ) is a region in southwestern Transylvania, Romania, in Hunedoara county, situated in a valley of the Jiu River between the Retezat Mountains and the Parâng Mountains. The region was heavily industrialised and t ...

. It administers two villages, Dealul Babii ("Old Woman's Hill" in Romanian; ''Hegyvulkán'') and Jiu-Paroșeni (''Zsilymacesdparoseny''). The city is named after the Vulcan Pass that connects the Jiu Valley to

Oltenia Oltenia (, also called Lesser Wallachia in antiquated versions, with the alternative Latin names ''Wallachia Minor'', ''Wallachia Alutana'', ''Wallachia Caesarea'' between 1718 and 1739) is a historical province and geographical region of Romania ...

, itself being derived from Slavic "vlk", meaning "wolf" (even if "vulcan" means "volcano" in Romanian). The

coal Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is formed when dea ...

resources of the region were discovered in 1788 while the

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

n General Landau defended Vulcan from the

Ottoman Turks The Ottoman Turks ( tr, Osmanlı Türkleri), were the Turkic founding and sociopolitically the most dominant ethnic group of the Ottoman Empire ( 1299/1302–1922). Reliable information about the early history of Ottoman Turks remains scarce, ...

. One night the soldiers could not put out the camp fire they made, as the piles of coal underneath had caught fire. General Landau thought that he could stop the Turks without a fight by setting piles of coal on fire. The Turks noted the large numbers of fires on the heights and thought that the Austrian army was much larger than theirs and retreated. In 1850, the first mine was set up by the Hoffman brothers of

Brașov Brașov (, , ; german: Kronstadt; hu, Brassó; la, Corona; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Kruhnen'') is a city in Transylvania, Romania and the administrative centre of Brașov County. According to the latest Romanian census (2011), Brașov has a pop ...

Demographics

Romanians The Romanians ( ro, români, ; dated exonym ''Vlachs'') are a Romance languages, Romance-speaking ethnic group. Sharing a common Culture of Romania, Romanian culture and Cultural heritage, ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they l ...

: 92.91% *

Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Urali ...

: 5.13% *

Romani Romani may refer to: Ethnicities * Romani people, an ethnic group of Northern Indian origin, living dispersed in Europe, the Americas and Asia ** Romani genocide, under Nazi rule * Romani language, any of several Indo-Aryan languages of the Roma ...

: 1.41% *

Germans , native_name_lang = de , region1 = , pop1 = 72,650,269 , region2 = , pop2 = 534,000 , region3 = , pop3 = 157,000 3,322,405 , region4 = , pop4 = ...

: 0.2%

People

* Pius Brânzeu *

Ernő Csíki Ernst Csiki, Ernst Dietl or Ernő Csiki (Csíki) ( hu, Csiki (Csíki) Ernő, 22 October 1875 in Vulkan – 7 July 1954 in Budapest) was a Hungarian entomologist who specialised in Coleoptera. Born as Ernst Dietl at Zsilvajdejvulka, Hunyad ...

* Andrej Prean Nagy *

Ștefan Onisie Ștefan Onisie (23 November 1925 – 7 July 1984) was a Romanian footballer and manager. He was a part of FC Steaua București, Steaua's Golden Team of the 1950s. International career Ștefan Onisie played six games at international level for R ...

Leonard Wolf Leonard Wolf (March 1, 1923 – March 20, 2019) was a Romanian-American poet, author, teacher, and translator. He is known for his authoritative annotated editions of classic gothic horror novels, including '' Dracula'', ''Frankenstein'', ''The ...

Twin cities

List of Vulcan's sister and twin cities: * Bor,

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...

References

External links

Jiu Valley Portal
- the regional portal host of the official Jiu Valley municipal websites Populated places in Hunedoara County Localities in Transylvania Jiu Valley Cities in Romania Mining communities in Romania Monotowns in Romania {{Romania-hist-stub

Demographics

People

Twin cities

See also

References

External links