Vukovar resolution was the document in which
Serbs from Vukovar and neighboring communities, at the end of 1939 requested from
central Yugoslav government exemption of Vukovar county from the
Banovina of Croatia and its annexation to the
Danube Banovina or future
Banovina of Serbia.
[Srpski Glas #1. pp. 7](_blank)
/ref>
Political circumstances
With Cvetković-Maček agreement, Banovina of Croatia was created from Sava Banovina, Littoral Banovina
The Littoral Banovina or Littoral Banate ( hr, Primorska banovina; sr, Приморска бановина, italics=no / ''Primorska banovina''), was a province ( banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1939. This province consis ...
, and parts of Vrbas Banovina
The Vrbas Banovina or Vrbas Banate ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Vrbaska banovina, Врбаска бановина), was a province ( banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. It was named after the Vrbas River and consis ...
, Drina Banovina and Zeta Banovina
The Zeta Banovina ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Zetska banovina, Зетска бановина), was a province ( banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. This province consisted of all of present-day Montenegro as well as ...
The new creation included large number of areas in which Croats
The Croats (; hr, Hrvati ) are a South Slavic ethnic group who share a common Croatian ancestry, culture, history and language. They are also a recognized minority in a number of neighboring countries, namely Austria, the Czech Republic, ...
weren't ethnic majority (i.e. were Serbs where ethnic majority),[Vladimir Ćorović: Istorija srpskog naroda](_blank)
/ref> or areas that weren't earlier part of the Croatian state (Prevlaka
Prevlaka () is a small peninsula in southern Croatia, near the border with Montenegro, at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor on the eastern Adriatic coast.
Because of its strategic location in the southern Adriatic, in the aftermath of the SFR Yu ...
, Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik (), historically known as Ragusa (; see notes on naming), is a city on the Adriatic Sea in the region of Dalmatia, in the southeastern semi-exclave of Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterran ...
and western Srem
Syrmia ( sh, Srem/Срем or sh, Srijem/Сријем, label=none) is a region of the southern Pannonian Plain, which lies between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia and Croatia. Most of the region is flat, with the ex ...
). This turn of events provoked outcry in part of the Serbian people because the creation of Banovina of Croatia didn't resolve the so-called Serbian issue. Protests followed, mostly organized or incited by Serbian Cultural Club
The Serbian Cultural Club ( sr, Srpski kulturni klub, italics=yes, sr-Cyrl, Српски културни клуб; SKK) was a short-lived but influential grouping of mainly Belgrade-based Serb intellectuals of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the yea ...
which demanded revision of Cvetković-Maček agreement, that is, border revision of the newly formed Banovina of Croatia. Serbian Cultural Club claimed that the agreement wasn't signed by all Serb representatives but was in fact the result of bargain struck between the crown and representatives of CPP.[Српски културни клуб](_blank)
/ref>
Through its newspaper, the "''Serbian Voice''", Serbian Cultural Club, by means of different articles presented opinion on necessity of Serb political autonomy in Banovina of Croatia (in 19 of counties where Serbs were absolute or relative majority) or alternatively, separation from Banovina of Croatia and addition to other Banovina level units that were to enter Banovina of Serbia later on.
To implement this, Serbian Cultural Club formed its subcommittees on territory of east Slavonija
Slavonia (; hr, Slavonija) is, with Dalmatia, Croatia proper, and Istria, one of the four historical regions of Croatia. Taking up the east of the country, it roughly corresponds with five Croatian counties: Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Baranja, ...
, Srem, Bosanska Posavina and in the final months of 1939. started collecting signatures for separation of Ilok, Šid and Vukovar county from Banovina of Croatia.
Historical, geographical and other resolution reasons
Historical reasons
As main reasons for the resolution, the document itself names the historical reasons:
"For many years, Vukovar was the seat of the Syrmia County. Together with Banat
Banat (, ; hu, Bánság; sr, Банат, Banat) is a geographical and historical region that straddles Central and Eastern Europe and which is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of T ...
and Bačka
Bačka ( sr-cyrl, Бачка, ) or Bácska () is a geographical and historical area within the Pannonian Plain bordered by the river Danube to the west and south, and by the river Tisza to the east. It is divided between Serbia and Hunga ...
, Syrmia forms Serbian Vojvodina
The Serbian Vojvodina ( sr, Српска Војводина / ) was a short-lived self-proclaimed Serb autonomous province within the Austrian Empire during the Revolutions of 1848, which existed until 1849 when it was transformed into the new (o ...
. This is irrefutable, because even the national spirit attests to it through song "Syrmia, Banat and Bačka, the three courageous hearts". We had Serb majority in Vukovar county for several centuries now. Different sources confirm this; for example, one modern German writer from the first half of 18th century says: "Orthodox believers built their church in 1731. for which 50.000 bricks were requested from local nobility. Their requests were easily met for they made the majority of county population and their religion was tolerated as they already had one older church in Vukovar. Furthermore, they benefited from poor demand for the landowner brick.
Summoned by Syrmia-Karlovci metropolitan Vikentije Jovanović
Vikentije Jovanović ( sr-cyr, Викентије Јовановић; 1689 – June 6, 1737) was the Serbian Orthodox Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci from 1731 to 1737, as Vikentije II. During his diplomatic mission in Vienna in 1734, he wa ...
, Russians teachers arrived to educate the Serbian youth and one of those teachers stayed in Sremski Karlovci
Sremski Karlovci ( sr-cyrl, Сремски Карловци, ; hu, Karlóca; tr, Karlofça) is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated on the banks of the Danu ...
while others leave for Belgrade and Vukovar, so they can find schools there. The fact that in 1733. Timitej Levandovski went to Vukovar and started a Serbian school shows how, even then, Vukovar represented a strong Serbian cultural center. It remained as such through history to the present day. Vukovar gave the first Serbian journalist and polyglot, Zaharije Stefanović Orfelin, predecessor to the Dositej Obradović
Dositej Obradović ( sr-Cyrl, Доситеј Обрадовић; 17 February 1739 – 7 April 1811) was a Serbian writer, biographer, diarist, philosopher, pedagogue, educational reformer, linguist, polyglot and the first minister of education ...
.
"Dobra Voda", Vukovar picnic resort, where most notable Serbs from Syrmia regularly gathered near the little church of St.Paraskeva, was where Branko Radičević
Aleksije "Branko" Radičević ( sr-Cyrl, Алексије Бранко Радичевић, ; 28 March 1824 – 1 July 1853) was a Serbian poet who wrote in the period of Romanticism.
Biography
Branko Radičević was born in Slavonski Brod on 1 ...
found inspiration for his poems. Svetozar Miletić
Svetozar Miletić ( sr-cyr, Светозар Милетић; 22 February 1826 – 4 February 1901) was a Serbian lawyer, journalist, author and politician who served as the mayor of Novi Sad between 1861 and 1862 and again from 1867 to 1868.
...
, returning from Vac, first stops by in Vukovar to visit the Serbian political centar of Syrmia. These examples are not unique, many others can be added to the list. Cultural and educational Serbian societies even today mention Vukovar Serbs action."
Geographical reasons
According to the signatures of the resolution, Vukovar, in economic sense "absolutely and solely gravitates towards Novi Sad and creates one economic unit with Syrmia...Only applicable authority in matters of price regulation of commercial goods on Vukovar market is the stock exchange of Novi Sad. The only place where a farmer from Vukovar county can buy his tools is Novi Sad. The economic structure of the Vukovar county is identical with that of Danbue Banovina.
Political reasons
Signatories of the resolution stated that Vukovar has always a single political whole with rest of the Syrmia, that is, Danube Banovine back then: "Croats and their political parties didn't once win an election majority in this county, therefore neither was the political representative theirs. During the campaign for the political reorganization of the country, it was requested from the Croats that they honor specific historical individuality. If this individuality was to be taken into an account, Vukovar could be added to the Vojvodina".
Likewise, it was stated that according to the census from 1931. Vukovar county had 51.334 citizens. 26.342 were Serbs, 11.893 were Croats while the rest consisted of national minorities (Germans, Hungarians, Russians/Rusyns, Czechs, Slovaks, Jews...), therefore, Vukovar county, as an area populated mostly with Serbs had no reason or basis to remain part of Banovina of Croatia.
Signatories
Initiators and authors of the resolution were Marko R. Bingulac and Marko Lj. Bugarski. As such, they were mentioned as first signatories of the resolution. Afterwards followed signatures by representatives of Serbian Orthodox Church municipalities:
* for Serbian Church municipality of Vukovar
Vukovar () ( sr-Cyrl, Вуковар, hu, Vukovár, german: Wukowar) is a city in Croatia, in the eastern region of Slavonia. It contains Croatia's largest river port, located at the confluence of the Vuka and the Danube. Vukovar is the seat of ...
, signatories were its president Teodor Selaković, Cvetko Bingulac and archpriest Jovan Kozobarić,
* for Serbian Church municipality of Borovo, priest Bogdan Dejanović, archpriest Đurica Skakić and vice-president Milan Buzaretić,
* for Serbian Church municipality of Gaboš signatories were its president, Andrija Ćelić and the priest Milan Petović,
* for Serbian Church municipality of Trpinja, president Jovo Palić and priest Spasoje Vukotić
* for Serbian Church municipality of Markušica, president Mladen Petrović,
* for Serbian Church municipality of Vera, president and priest, Đuro Mašić,
* for Serbian Church municipality of Negoslavci, president Radovan Crnjanski and priest Petar Ostojić,
* for Serbian Church municipality of Bobota, president Miloš Maletić and priest Đuro Mašić,
* for Serbian Church municipality of Pačetin, president Dimitrije Crnogorac and priest Nikolaj Semčenko,
* for Serbian Church municipality of Bršadin, its president Živko Simić and priest Đorđe Mišić,
* for Serbian Church municipality of Mikluševci and Čakovci
Čakovci ( hu, Csákovác, sr, Чаковци, italics=off) is a village in the Tompojevci municipality in eastern Croatia.
Name
The name of the village in Croatian is plural.
History
The continuous human presence in village comes from the ...
, priest Kiprijan Relić and Kosta Anđelić,
* for Serbian Church municipality of Ostrovo, president Milan Vučevac and priest Dušan Blidović,
* for Serbian Church municipality of Marinci, priest Vasilije Lengenfelder and president Nikola Živanović,
* for Serbian Church municipality of Opatovac and Sotin, archpriest Emilijan Josifović and president Milivoj Kekić,
* for Serbian Church municipality of Palača, priest Borisav Božić and president Dušan Petojević
References
{{Vukovar
1939 documents
1939 in politics
History of the Serbs of Croatia
History of Slavonia
1939 in Yugoslavia
History of Vukovar